scholarly journals S glycoprotein diversity of the Omicron variant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sarkar ◽  
Mahadeb Lo ◽  
Ritubrita Saha ◽  
Shanta Dutta ◽  
Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
Glycoprotein Structure ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Virus Biology

AbstractOn the backdrop of ongoing Delta variant infection and vaccine-induced immunity, the emergence of the new Variant of Concern, the Omicron, has again fuelled the fears of COVID-19 around the world. Currently, very little information is available about the S glycoprotein mutations, transmissibility, severity, and immune evasion behaviour of the Omicron variant. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the S glycoprotein mutations of 309 strains of the Omicron variant and also discussed the probable effects of observed mutations on several aspects of virus biology based on known available knowledge of mutational effects on S glycoprotein structure, function, and immune evasion characteristics.

scholarly journals Bounding the levels of transmissibility & immune evasion of the Omicron variant in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A.B. Pearson ◽  
Sheetal P. Silal ◽  
Michael W.Z. Li ◽  
Jonathan Dushoff ◽  
Benjamin M Bolker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Scenario Modeling ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World

A new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, Omicron (B.1.1.529), has been identified based on genomic sequencing and epidemiological data in South Africa. Presumptive Omicron cases in South Africa have grown extremely rapidly, despite high prior exposure and moderate vaccination coverage. The available evidence suggests that Omicron spread is at least in part due to evasion of this immune protection, though it may also exhibit higher intrinsic transmissibility. Using detailed laboratory and epidemiological data from South Africa, we estimate the constraints on these two characteristics of the new variant and their relationship. Our estimates and associated uncertainties provide essential information to inform projection and scenario modeling analyses, which are crucial planning tools for governments around the world.

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

scholarly journals Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Implications on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 101533
Author(s):  
Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist ◽  
Arnaud John Kombe Kombe ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen ◽  
Abtie Abebaw ◽  
Melese Getachew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Induced Immunity

scholarly journals “It is not a miracle, but grief...”: representations of Sergey Kozlov's on soteriological mission of the woman (based on the novella “Mother-Masha”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Alena Petrovna Kashkareva
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
The World ◽  
National Salvation

This article analyzes the views of the contemporary Ugric writer Sergey Kozlov pertaining to mission of the women in 1990s – 2000s, which was the turning period for the country. The novella “Mother-Masha” demonstrates that it textual space, namely the woman becomes the symbol of justice of the Christian fabric of life, and is reflected in the sincere desire of the protagonist to establish good and justice in the world. The author contemplates on S. Kozlov's ideological and artistic views upon the role of the woman at the time of major transformations in the Russian history. Reference to the writer’s fictional prose, diaries, and interviews allows revealing the peculiarities of his axiological position in the context of the Russian philosophy of femininity. The scientific novelty of this research is substantiated by the need for articulation of the problem related to the study of specificity of female images in the creative heritage of Siberian writer Sergey Kozlov. Comprehensive analysis of the writer's novella “Mother-Masha” included into the book “Duty Angel” (2011) is carried out. The article introduces the sources, such as diary notes and interview materials, which have not been previously used in studying the works of S. Kozlov. The conclusion is made that soteriological mission was imposed on Mother Masha – the woman who proliferated the Divine Commandments to the world and is associated with the symbol of national salvation.

Sovereign Violence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Choe
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
South Korean ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

South Korea is home to one of the most vibrant film industries in the world today, producing movies for a strong domestic market that are also drawing the attention of audiences worldwide. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the most well-known and incendiary South Korean films of the millennial decade from nine major directors. Building his analysis on contemporary film theory and philosophy, as well as interviews and other primary sources, Steve Choe makes a case that these often violent films pose urgent ethical dilemmas central to life in the age of neoliberal globalization.

Environmental Sustainability in the Fashion Supply Chain in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Scenario

The fashion supply chain is one of the most polluting industries in the world, being a huge consumer of water, electricity and chemicals, and discharging massive quantities of wastes to land. Stakeholders' and customers' pressure on sustainability has pushed companies to transform general environmental sustainability concepts into business practices. However, a few contributions have offered a comprehensive analysis of the practices employed in the fashion supply chain to reduce its environmental impact. Each fashion supplier seeks to maximize its profits as well as to minimize its emissions throughout its supply chain with the latter criterion being weighted in an individual manner by each supplier. In this paper, a theoretical framework for mapping practices for environmental sustainability implemented in the fashion system is presented. The framework is then used to analyze the Indian scenario.

Israeli Law and Jewish Law — Interaction and Independence: A Commentary

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Eliav Shochetman
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Opening Section

The focus of the article written by my colleague, Prof. Brahyahu Lifshitz, was the extent of the influence of Jewish law on the legal system of the State of Israel during the forty years since its establishment. In my view, a symposium on “Forty Years of Israeli Law” ought also to include a study of the innovations and developments which have taken place within Jewish law during this period, since to a certain extent, Jewish law is an integral part of Israeli law. A comprehensive analysis of this issue is clearly beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, one major question should be dealt with, i.e. to what extent does the legal system of the State find expression in modern Rabbinical case law? Has the new political reality of statehood, achieved after many centuries of exile, and the ramifications of this reality in the field of law, in any way affected modern Rabbinic decisions in the years following the establishment of the State—decisions which are meant to reflect the changes and developments that have taken place in the world of Jewish law?In the opening section of his article, Prof. Lifshitz describes the influence of Israeli law upon Jewish law in the following terms: The generally accepted view is that Jewish law does not respond to, nor is shaped by, developments in the legislative or judicial organs of the State of Israel.

Ugo Cerletti (1877–1963): An Early Italian Father of Electroshock and a Pioneer in Many Other Ways

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842095838
Author(s):  
Konstantina Kotsaki ◽  
Aristidis Diamantis ◽  
Emmanouil Magiorkinis
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Therapeutic Method ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

This article provides a biographical review of the life and the professional achievements of the Italian doctor Ugo Cerletti and an introduction on electroshock. Throughout his medical career, he travelled and studied in many countries all over the world. Building upon his systematic and comprehensive analysis of mental diseases, Cerletti introduced electroshock, which, at his time, was a novel therapeutic method. The main beneficial feature of electroshock was that it ameliorated refractory mental illnesses such as depression, mania, and schizophrenia. Additionally, Cerletti filmed the first scientific movie on electroshock. Furthermore, Cerletti left great lessons in the area of dementia, by proving the interaction between spirochaetes and progressive paralysis and exploring the causes of inflammation in the syphilitic brain. Cerletti was the first to announce the theory of acroagonines. Cerletti also made early discoveries on perivascular corpuscles, a discovery of such importance that the perivascular corpuscles are named corpuscles of Cerletti. Outside of the medical realm, Cerletti invented a new type of gun, and produced an early medical documentary. Cerletti received many national and international distinctions and awards. He died in 1963 at the age of 86.

scholarly journals Metabolites Involved in Immune Evasion byBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisInclude the Polyamine Spermidine

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. Rollins-Smith ◽  
Antonio C. Ruzzini ◽  
J. Scott Fites ◽  
Laura K. Reinert ◽  
Emily M. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Chytrid Fungus ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTAmphibians have been declining around the world for more than four decades. One recognized driver of these declines is the chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis. Amphibians have complex and varied immune defenses againstB. dendrobatidis, but the fungus also has a number of counterdefenses. Previously, we identified two small molecules produced by the fungus that inhibit frog lymphocyte proliferation, methylthioadenosine (MTA) and kynurenine (KYN). Here, we report on the isolation and identification of the polyamine spermidine (SPD) as another significant immunomodulatory molecule produced byB. dendrobatidis. SPD and its precursor, putrescine (PUT), are the major polyamines detected, and SPD is required for growth. The major pathway of biosynthesis is from ornithine through putrescine to spermidine. An alternative pathway from arginine to agmatine to putrescine appears to be absent. SPD is inhibitory at concentrations of ≥10 μM and is found at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM in active fungal supernatants. Although PUT is detected in the fungal supernatants, it is not inhibitory to lymphocytes even at concentrations as high as 100 μM. Two other related polyamines, norspermidine (NSP) and spermine (SPM), also inhibit amphibian lymphocyte proliferation, but a third polyamine, cadaverine (CAD), does not. A suboptimal (noninhibitory) concentration of MTA (10 μM), a by-product of spermidine synthesis, enhances the inhibition of SPD at 1 and 10 μM. We interpret these results to suggest thatB. dendrobatidisproduces an “armamentarium” of small molecules that, alone or in concert, may help it to evade clearance by the amphibian immune system.

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