scholarly journals Interoceptive sensitivity modulates heart rate and insula activity when listening to music

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Maekawa ◽  
Takafumi Sasaoka ◽  
Toshio Inui ◽  
Shigeto Yamawaki
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Interoceptive Sensitivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotional Level

AbstractInteroception plays an important role in emotion processing, but the relationship between the physiological responses associated with emotional experience and interoception is unclear. In this study, we measured interoceptive sensitivity using the heartbeat discrimination task and investigated the effects of individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity on changes in heart rate and insula activity in response to music-induced emotions. We found that the heart rate increased when listening to the music pieces rated as emotionally high-touching in the high interoceptive sensitivity group only. Compared to the emotionally low-touching music, listening to the emotionally high-touching music was associated with higher insula activity. Furthermore, relative to individuals with low interoceptive sensitivity, the region of interest analysis of the insula subregions for individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity revealed significant activity in the bilateral dorsal granular insula, the right ventral dysgranular insula, and the right granular and dorsal dysgranular insula while listening to the high-touching music pieces. Our results suggest that individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity use their physical condition to assess their emotional level when listening to music. Furthermore, the insula activity may reflect the use of interoception to estimate emotions.

Ischemia-induced and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: importance of heart rate

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H21-H31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bernier ◽  
M. J. Curtis ◽  
D. J. Hearse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolated Rat

The relationship between heart rate and ischemia-induced and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias was studied using 573 isolated rat hearts. Hearts (12/group), subjected to 7 min of coronary occlusion and 10 min reperfusion, were paced at 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 480, or 540 beats/min. Pacing either throughout the experiment or during ischemia alone led to a rate-dependent increase in the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) from 25% in the unpaced hearts to greater than 90% when the rate was 420 beats/min or higher. However, pacing during reperfusion alone did not increase the incidence of reperfusion-induced VF. In separate hearts, the right atrium was removed to permit examination of both low and high rates (167 +/- 2, 240, 336 +/- 3, or 480 beats/min throughout the experiment) over a wide range of durations of occlusion (3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, or 40 min). Ischemia-induced VF incidence was critically dependent on heart rate, low rates being protective. During reperfusion, the incidence of VF was also highly rate dependent if reperfusion was initiated within 10 min of the onset of ischemia (ranging from 8% when rate was 167 +/- 2 beats/min to 100% when rate was 480 beats/min) but was unrelated to heart rate when reperfusion occurred at later times (ranging from 33 to 50% when ischemia duration was 40 min). Heart rate can therefore influence susceptibility to ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, probably as a result of an effect on the rate of development of ischemic injury.

scholarly journals Associations of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate and Their Contribution to the Development of Cardiovascular Complications and All-Cause Mortality in the Russian Population of 25-64 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-769
Author(s):  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
V. A. Kutsenko ◽  
A. V. Kapustina ◽  
E. B. Yarovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. To study the relationship of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in a sample of men and women 25-64 years old and their predictive value for the development of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality from all causes.Material and methods. Prospective observation was for cohorts of the population aged 25-64 years from 11 regions of the Russian Federation. 18,251 people were included in the analysis. Each participant gave written informed consent. All surveyed persons were interviewed with a standard questionnaire. BP was measured on the right hand with an automatic tonometer. BP and HR were measured twice with an interval of 2-3 min with the calculation of the average value. The patients were divided into 4 groups: the first group with BP<140/90 ><140/90 mm Hg and HR≤80 beats/min; the second group – BP<140/><140/90 mm Hg and HR>80; the third group – BP≥140/90 mm Hg and HR≤80; the fourth group – BP≥140/90 mm Hg and HR>80 beats/min. Risk factors and cardiovascular history were analyzed as well. Deaths over 6 years of follow-up occurred in 393 people (141 – from CVD). Statistical analysis was performed using the open source R3.6.1 system.Results. A HR>80 beats/min was found in 26.3% of people with BP≥140/90 mm Hg, regardless of medication. Analysis of the associations between HR and BP showed that for every increase in HR by 10 beats/min, systolic BP increases by 3 mm Hg. (p<0.0001). The group with HR>80 beats/min and BP≥140/90 mm Hg had the shortest life expectancy (p<0.001). Adding an increased HR to BP≥140/90 mm Hg significantly><0.001). Adding an increased HR to BP≥140/90 mm Hg significantly worsened the prognosis of patients. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of cardiovascular survival. Elevated BP and elevated HR had the same effect on outcomes, except for the combined endpoint, where the contribution of elevated BP was predominant. However, their combined effect was the largest and highly significant for the development of the studied outcomes, even after adjusting for other predictors. With an increase in HR by every 10 beats/min, the risk of mortality increased statistically significantly by 22%.Conclusion. The prevalence of HR>80 beats/min in people with BP≥140 mm Hg amounted to 26.34%. Every 10 beats/min significantly increases the risk of mortality by 22%. Increased HR with elevated BP leads to increased adverse outcomes.

Experimental Methods for Inducing Basic Emotions: A Qualitative Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Siedlecka ◽  
Thomas F. Denson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Autobiographical Recall ◽  
Physiological Outcomes

Experimental emotion inductions provide the strongest causal evidence of the effects of emotions on psychological and physiological outcomes. In the present qualitative review, we evaluated five common experimental emotion induction techniques: visual stimuli, music, autobiographical recall, situational procedures, and imagery. For each technique, we discuss the extent to which they induce six basic emotions: anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, and sadness. For each emotion, we discuss the relative influences of the induction methods on subjective emotional experience and physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure). Based on the literature reviewed, we make emotion-specific recommendations for induction methods to use in experiments.

Physiological Responses of Endurance-Trained Male Wheelchair Athletes to a 10-Kilometer Treadmill Time Trial

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Campbell ◽  
Clyde Williams ◽  
Henryk K.A. Lakomy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose was to examine selected physiological responses of endurance-trained male wheelchair athletes in different Paralympic racing classes (T2, n = 3; T3, n = 8; T4, n = 7) during a 10-km treadmill time trial (TM:10-km). Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak) was determined, and a TM:10-km was completed on a motorized treadmill. From this, % V̇O2peak utilized and the relationship between V̇O2peak and TM:10-km were established. During the TM:10-km, the following dependent variables were examined: propulsion speed, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate. The results showed athletes utilize a high % V̇O2peak (78.4 –13.6%) during the TM:10-km. There was a moderate correlation (r = -.57, p < .01) between VO2peak and TM:10-km. No physiological differences were found between the paraplegic racing classes (T3, T4), which suggests that there is some justification in amalgamating these racing classes for endurance events.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Climbing Ability and Physiological Responses to Rock Climbing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Baláš ◽  
Michaela Panáčková ◽  
Barbora Strejcová ◽  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Darryl J. Cochrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
Physiological Demand ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between submaximal and maximal physiological responses to rock climbing for climbers of differing abilities.Methods. Twenty-six male climbers performed a submaximal climbing test on a known circuit at 90° (vertical) and 105° (15° overhanging) inclination and speed 25 movements·min−1. A maximal test was undertaken on a similar circuit at the same speed with inclination increasing by 10° for each successive 3 min stage.Results. Mean oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) increased with wall inclination and climbers reached a mean (±SD) peakV˙O2of 40.3 ± 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1during the maximal test. Self-reported climbing ability was negatively correlated withV˙O2and HR during the submaximal test at 90° (V˙O2,r=−0.82; HR, andr=−0.66) and at 105° (V˙O2,r=−0.84; HR, andr=−0.78) suggesting an increased exercise economy for climbers with a higher ability level.Conclusion. Findings from this study indicate that there is a relationship between wall inclination and the physiological demand of a climb. However, the increased technical ability and fitness of higher level climbers appears to an extent to offset the increased demand through improved exercise economy which in turn leads to an increased time to exhaustion and an improvement in performance.

scholarly journals Decreased Functional Connectivity Between the Right Precuneus and Middle Frontal Gyrus Is Related to Attentional Decline Following Acute Sleep Deprivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozhi Li ◽  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jiaxi Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Acute Sleep Deprivation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesAcute sleep deprivation (SD) seriously affects cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and response inhibition. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the functional activities of the precuneus (PC) and the function of alert attention. However, the specific effect of the PC on attention decline after acute SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the relationship between the changes of the PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD.MethodsThirty healthy, right-handed adult men participated in the experiment. Alert attention and functional connectivity were assessed by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test and a resting-state fMRI scan before and after total SD. The region of interest to region of interest (“ROI-to-ROI”) correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between the PC and other brain regions after acute SD.ResultsParticipants showed decreased alert attention after total SD. In addition, SD induced decreased functional connectivity between the right PC and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the decreased PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the interruption of the connection between the right PC and the right MFG is related to the observed decline in alert attention after acute SD. These results provide evidence further elucidating the cognitive impairment model of SD.

Postextrasystolic pulsus alternans and heart rate

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. H245-H249
Author(s):  
C. J. Carlson ◽  
E. Rapaport
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Pulsus Alternans ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ventricular Depolarization

Postextrasystolic (PES) pulsus alternans, an alternation in systolic blood pressure above and then below base line for several beats after a premature ventricular depolarization was noted many years ago in patients with heart failure. We noted in acute animals studies that the occurrence of PES alternans was related to heart rate. We studied five open-chest dogs suppressing intrinsic heart rate by vagal stimulation and pacing the right ventricle over a range of 100-200 beats/min introducing an extrastimulus at 50% of the paced rate. We found that the pressure of the second PES beat was augmented up to 120 beats/min and then began to decrease approximately 10 Torr for each 10-beats/min increase in rate. The physiological variables most closely related to the occurrence of PES alternans were the duration of systole of the first PES (strong) beat and the rate of rapid diastolic filling of the second PES (weak) beat. Postextrasystolic and possibly sustained pulsus alternans is an inevitable consequence of heart rate and of the relationship between ejection and diastolic filling. The details of that relationship and the effects of various diseases determine whether alternans is observed or not.

Predicting Music Appreciation with Past Emotional Responses to Music

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Woody ◽  
Kimberly J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Music Appreciation ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Musical Background ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study is an exploration of the musical backgrounds and beliefs of nonmusicians and the relationship of these variables to music appreciation factors. Subjects were 533 college students enrolled in 17 sections of courses in Music Appreciation and Music for Classroom Teachers. Subjects completed a questionnaire regarding their musical backgrounds, preferences, and beliefs and then heard and responded to four highly expressive classical music excerpts. Data analyses indicated significant relationships between certain musical background factors and responsiveness to classical music. More specifically, past emotional experience with classical music was a reliable predictor of music appreciation, as measured by appropriate recognition of expression and willingness to listen to classical music on one's own time. Implications are drawn regarding approaches for teaching classical music to nonmusicians, including increased focus on expressive qualities in music listening experiences.

Do Women and Men Respond Differently to Negative News?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 344-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Soroka ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Patrick Fournier ◽  
Lilach Nir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Relationship

This article offers a new approach to studying sex differences in responses to negative news, using real-time physiological responses as opposed to self-reports. Measurements of skin conductance and heart rate are used to examine whether there are differences in the extent to which women and men are aroused by and attentive to negative news stories. Like experiments that have relied on postexposure self-reports, we detect no sex differences in arousal in response to negative news stories. However, in contrast to those experiments, we find indications that women are more attentive than men to negative news content. We consider possible reasons for this difference in findings. We also discuss neuropsychological studies that are consistent with our finding of greater attentiveness on the part of women to negative stimuli. Finally, we consider the relationship between our work and evidence in the literature that women consume less news than men.

scholarly journals Interpersonal physiological synchrony is associated with first person and third person subjective assessments of excitement during cooperative joint tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Murata ◽  
Keishi Nomura ◽  
Junji Watanabe ◽  
Shiro Kumano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Physiological Synchrony ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractInterpersonal physiological synchrony has been shown to play important roles in social activities. While most studies have shed light on the effects of physiological synchrony on recognition of the group state, such as cohesion or togetherness, the effect of physiological synchrony on the recognition of emotional experience has not been adequately researched. In this study, we examined how physiological synchrony is associated with first- and third-person emotion recognition during a joint task. Two participants played a cooperative block-stacking game (Jenga), alternating their roles as player and adviser, while their heart rates were recorded. The participants evaluated their own emotional experience for each turn. Bystanders watched the game to evaluate the players’ emotions. Results showed that the players’ subjective excitement increased not only with their own heart rate, but also with increased heart rate synchrony with their adviser. Heart rate synchrony between player and adviser also related to increased intensity in perceived excitement from the bystanders. Given that both first- and third-person emotion recognition can have cumulative impacts on a group, the relationship between physiological synchrony and emotion recognition observed in the present study will help deepen understanding of the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying larger group phenomena such as crowd excitement.

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