scholarly journals Unveiling effects of growth conditions on crown architecture and growth potential of Scots pine trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Saija Huuskonen ◽  
Jari Hynynen ◽  
Simone Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Crown Size

Trees adapt to their growing conditions by regulating the sizes of their parts and their relationships. For example, removal or death of adjacent trees increases the growing space and the amount of light received by the remaining trees enabling their crowns to expand. Knowledge about the effects of silvicultural practices on crown size and shape as well as about the quality of branches affecting the shape of a crown is, however, still limited. Thus, the aim was to study the crown structure of individual Scots pine trees in forest stands with varying stem densities due to past forest management practices. Furthermore, we wanted to understand how crown and stem attributes as well as tree growth affects stem area at the height of maximum crown diameter (SAHMC), which could be used as a proxy for tree growth potential. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to generate attributes characterizing crown size and shape. The results showed that increasing stem density decreased Scots pine crown size. TLS provided more detailed attributes for crown characterization compared to traditional field measurements. Furthermore, decreasing stem density increased SAHMC and strong relationships (Spearman correlations >0.5) were found between SAHMC and crown and stem size as well as stem growth. Thus, this study provided quantitative and more comprehensive characterization of Scots pine crowns and their growth potential.

scholarly journals Detailed point cloud data on stem size and shape of Scots pine trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Niko Viljanen ◽  
Eija Honkavaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Tree Stem

AbstractQuantitative assessment of the effects of forest management on tree size and shape has been challenging as there has been a lack of methodologies for characterizing differences and possible changes comprehensively in space and time. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetric point clouds provide three-dimensional (3D) information on tree stem reconstructions required for characterizing differences between stem shapes and growth allocation. This data set includes 3D reconstructions of stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from sample plots with different thinning treatments. The thinning treatments include two intensities of thinning, three thinning types as well as control (i.e. no thinning treatment since the establishment). The data set can be used in developing point clouds processing algorithms for single tree stem reconstruction and for investigating variation in stem size and shape of Scots pine trees. Additionally, it offers possibilities in characterizing the effects of various thinning treatments on stem size and shape of Scots pine trees from boreal forests.Data setZenodo https://zenodo.org/record/3701271Data set licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

scholarly journals Classification of Needle Loss of Individual Scots Pine Trees by Means of Airborne Laser Scanning

Forests ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Kantola ◽  
Mikko Vastaranta ◽  
Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa ◽  
Markus Holopainen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Needle Loss

The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maltamo ◽  
K Mustonen ◽  
J Hyyppä ◽  
J Pitkänen ◽  
X Yu
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Pine Trees

This study examines the ability of high-density laser scanning to produce single-tree estimates in mixed stands of heterogeneous structure. Individual trees were detected from a constructed digital canopy height model by locating local maxima of the height values. The reference material comprised accurately measured field data for 10 mapped sample plots containing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and different birches. To verify the accuracy of height measurements of single trees in more detail, the height of 29 Scots pine trees and their annual shoots of the last few years was carefully measured with a tacheometer and a glass fibre rod. The considered variables were the proportion of detected trees and tree height. As more than 80% of the dominant trees were detected, the results indicated that laser scanning can accurately describe the trees of the dominant tree layer. Because of the dense understorey tree layer in most of the sample plots, about 40% of all trees were detected. On the plot level, the stand structure affected the accuracy of the results considerably. The scanning-based tree height was most accurate for Norway spruce and least accurate for birches. The height of the separately measured 29 Scots pine trees was obtained with an accuracy of ±50 cm or better.

scholarly journals Point cloud data from terrestrial laser scanning for volume modelling of Scots pine trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Jiri Pyörälä ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Xinlian Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Stem Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Stem shape and size develop through time especially due to changing environmental characteristics but especially if and when forest management activities change. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides detailed information on stem shape and size and can enable large and comprehensive data sets for various modelling applications. We collected diameter at breast height and tree height information with traditional field measurements as well as preprocessed TLS point cloud data on 230 Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) from southern Finland. The data set described here includes three-dimensional information on Scots pine tree stems derived from TLS point clouds. The usage of this data set can include, but is not limited to, development of point cloud processing algorithms for single tree stem reconstruction and investigations of stem volume modelling for Scots pine.

Bark stripping of young Pinussylvestris by Alcesalces on the individual, stand, and landscape level in Sweden

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Faber ◽  
Erik M. Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The Individual

Physical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) trees bark stripped by moose (Alcesalces L.) and frequencies of bark stripping were quantified at the Grimsö Wildlife Research Area in south-central Sweden during July 1995. Twenty-one young Scots pine stands evenly distributed over two areas of differing forest productivity were included in the study. Each stand was systematically plot-surveyed to determine the frequency of affected Scots pine trees. Additionally, we quantified data (i.e., 13 variables) on 420 recently (i.e., spring 1995) bark-stripped pine trees located through visual walking surveys of each stand. Less than 3% of the trees within the susceptible height range (1.5–4.0 m) were bark stripped annually, and 99% of these trees were between 1.5 and 4 m in height and wounds were concentrated within the 3- and 4-year-old internodes. There was a weak positive relationship between frequency of bark stripping and forest productivity at the stand and landscape levels, whereas weak negative relationships were found between bark-stripping frequency and stand size and bark-stripping frequency and pine stem density. Overall, the results suggest bark stripping has a minor impact on the trees. Forestry practices to reduce bark-stripping damage are discussed.

scholarly journals Revealing Changes in the Stem Form and Volume Allocation in Diverse Boreal Forests Using Two-Date Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Ville Luoma ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Jiri Pyörälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Tree growth is a multidimensional process that is affected by several factors. There is a continuous demand for improved information on tree growth and the ecological traits controlling it. This study aims at providing new approaches to improve ecological understanding of tree growth by the means of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Changes in tree stem form and stem volume allocation were investigated during a five-year monitoring period. In total, a selection of attributes from 736 trees from 37 sample plots representing different forest structures were extracted from taper curves derived from two-date TLS point clouds. The results of this study showed the capability of point cloud-based methods in detecting changes in the stem form and volume allocation. In addition, the results showed a significant difference between different forest structures in how relative stem volume and logwood volume increased during the monitoring period. Along with contributing to providing more accurate information for monitoring purposes in general, the findings of this study showed the ability and many possibilities of point cloud-based method to characterize changes in living organisms in particular, which further promote the feasibility of using point clouds as an observation method also in ecological studies.

Nation-Wide Mapping of Tree Growth using Repeated Airborne Laser Scanning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgen Wallerman ◽  
Kenneth Nystrom ◽  
Mats Nilsson ◽  
Peder Axensten ◽  
Mikael Egberth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser

scholarly journals Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nordkvist ◽  
Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽  
La rs Edenius ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ungulate Herbivory ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

scholarly journals The Influence of Ecosystem and Phylogeny on Tropical Tree Crown Size and Shape

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Shenkin ◽  
Lisa Patrick Bentley ◽  
Imma Oliveras ◽  
Norma Salinas ◽  
Stephen Adu-Bredu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Crown Size

Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.

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