scholarly journals The Geometry of ATG-Walks of the Omicron SARS CoV-2 Virus RNAs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guennadi Kouzaev
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Small Deviations

In this message, the complete RNA sequences (GISAID) of Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) SARS CoV-2 viruses are studied using the genomic ATG-walks. These walks are compared visually and numerically with a reference RNA (Wuhan, China, 2020), and the deviation levels are estimated. Statistical characteristics of these distributions are compared, including the fractal dimension values of coding-word length distributions. Most of the 17 RNA ATG walks studied here show relatively small deviations of their characteristics and resistance to forming a new virus family.

scholarly journals Fractal signatures of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, the indicator matrix, the fractal dimension and the 2D directional wavelet transform: A comparative study with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-like coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ali Ouadfeul
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Mutation Process ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Indicator Matrix ◽  
Directional Wavelet ◽  
Calculated Analysis

SummaryThe main goal of this paper is to show the 2D fractal signatures of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, indicator matrixes maps showing the concentration of nucleotide acids are built form the RNA sequences, and then the fractal dimension and 2D Directional Wavelet Transform (DCWT) are calculated. Analysis of 21 RNA sequences downloaded from NCBI database shows that indicator matrixes and 2D DCWT exhibit the same patterns with different positions, while the fractal dimensions are oscillating around 1.60. A comparison with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-like Coronavirus shows slightly different fractal dimensions, however the indicator matrix and 2D DCWT exhibit the same patterns for the couple (SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV) and (MERS-CoV, SARS-like) Coronavirus. Obtained results show that SARS-CoV2 is probably a result of SARS-CoV mutation process.

The geometrical and fractal properties of visible radiances associated with breaking waves in the ocean

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1229-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y. Raizer ◽  
V. M. Novikov ◽  
T. Y. Bocharova
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Digital Algorithms

Abstract. We consider the natural processes of wind-wave-breaking in the ocean in terms of fractal dimension. Digital algorithms for the analysis of aircraft optical images are employed to investigate spatial and statistical characteristics of foam streaks and whitecaps. The new results are as follows: 1. the fractal dimension of the wave-breaking set (foam streaks and whitecaps) depends on the ocean surface state and changes from dH=1.05 to 1.25; 2. the fractal dimension differs from foam streaks and whitecaps - ds=1.23 and 1.39, respectively.

scholarly journals ML-LME: A Plant Growth Situation Analysis Model Using the Hierarchical Effect of Fractal Dimension

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Ma ◽  
Yongze Wu ◽  
Jingfang Shen ◽  
Lingfeng Duan ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect ◽  
Rice Growth

Rice plays an essential role in agricultural production as the most significant food crop. Automated supervision in the process of crop growth is the future development direction of agriculture, and it is also a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Productive cultivation, production and research of crops are attributed to increased automation of supervision in the growth. In this article, for the first time, we propose the concept of rice fractal dimension heterogeneity and define it as rice varieties with different fractal dimension values having various correlations between their traits. To make a comprehensive prediction of the rice growth, Machine Learning and Linear Mixed Effect (ML-LME) model is proposed to model and analyze this heterogeneity, which is based on the existing automatic measurement system RAP and introduces statistical characteristics of fractal dimensions as novel features. Machine learning algorithms are applied to distinguish the rice growth stages with a high degree of accuracy and to excavate the heterogeneity of rice fractal dimensions with statistical meaning. According to the information of growth stage and fractal dimension heterogeneity, a precise prediction of key rice phenotype traits can be received by ML-LME using a Linear Mixed Effect model. In this process, the value of the fractal dimension is divided into groups and then rices of different levels are respectively fitted to improve the accuracy of the subsequent prediction, that is, the heterogeneity of the fractal dimension. Afterwards, we apply the model to analyze the rice pot image. The research results show that the ML-LME model, which possesses the hierarchical effect of fractal dimension, performs more excellently in predicting the growth situation of plants than the traditional regression model does. Further comparison confirmed that the model we proposed is the first to consider the hierarchy structure of plant fractal dimension, and that consideration obviously strengthens the model on the ability of variation interpretation and prediction precision.

scholarly journals The 3' Terminal RNA Sequences of Bunyaviruses and Nairoviruses (Bunyaviridae): Evidence of End Sequence Generic Differences within the Virus Family

1982 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Clerx-van Haaster ◽  
J. P. M. Clerx ◽  
H. Ushijima ◽  
H. Akashi ◽  
F. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Virus Family

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of medically important viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 2580-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Lambert ◽  
Robert S. Lanciotti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Close Sequence

We have characterized the full-length S segment RNA sequences of five human pathogens of the virus family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. S segment sequences of Fort Sherman, Shokwe and Xingu viruses of the Bunyamwera serogroup, as well as those of Bwamba and Pongola viruses of the Bwamba serogroup, are described. S segment sequences of Bwamba and Pongola viruses represent the first nucleotide sequences characterized for viruses of the Bwamba serogroup. The described molecular and phylogenetic analyses of these and other selected viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus reveal that a close sequence similarity is shared between the African Bwamba and the predominantly North American and European California serogroups of the genus Orthobunyavirus.

Microstructural Evolution in Reduced TiO2

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
W. T. Donlon ◽  
S. Shinozaki ◽  
E. M. Logothetis ◽  
W. Kaizer
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Limited Solubility ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Porous Polycrystalline ◽  
Crystallographic Shear

Since point defects have a limited solubility in the rutile (TiO2) lattice, small deviations from stoichiometry are known to produce crystallographic shear (CS) planes which accomodate local variations in composition. The material used in this study was porous polycrystalline TiO2 (60% dense), in the form of 3mm. diameter disks, 1mm thick. Samples were mechanically polished, ion-milled by conventional techniques, and initially examined with the use of a Siemens EM102. The electron transparent thin foils were then heat-treated under controlled atmospheres of CO/CO2 and H2 and reexamined in the same manner.The “as-received” material contained mostly TiO2 grains (∼5μm diameter) which had no extended defects. Several grains however, aid exhibit a structure similar to micro-twinned grains observed in reduced rutile. Lattice fringe images (Fig. 1) of these grains reveal that the adjoining layers are not simply twin related variants of a single TinO2n-1 compound. Rather these layers (100 - 250 Å wide) are alternately comprised of stoichiometric TiO2 (rutile) and reduced TiO2 in the form of Ti8O15, with the Ti8O15 layers on either side of the TiO2 being twin related.

Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Steven D. Toteda
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Platinum Particles ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
Highly Porous

Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised even further, the surface of the platinum begins to facet with lower energy surfaces. These microstructural changes can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, but the goal of the work is to characterize the microstructure by its fractal dimension and then relate the fractal dimension to the electrical response. The sensors were fabricated from zirconia powder stabilized in the cubic phase with 8 mol% percent yttria. Each substrate was sintered for 14 hours at 1200°C. The resulting zirconia pellets, 13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness, were roughly 97 to 98 percent of theoretical density. The Engelhard #6082 platinum paste was applied to the zirconia disks after they were mechanically polished ( diamond). The electrodes were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1000°C. Each sensor was tested to determine the impedance response from 1Hz to 5,000Hz. These frequencies correspond to the electrode at the test temperature of 600°C.

High-resolution nucleic acid sequence mapping via in situ hybridization at the Electron Microscope level

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
B.A. Hamkalo ◽  
S. Narayanswami ◽  
A.P. Kausch
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna

The availability of nonradioactive methods to label nucleic acids an the resultant rapid and greater sensitivity of detection has catapulted the technique of in situ hybridization to become the method of choice to locate of specific DNA and RNA sequences on chromosomes and in whole cells in cytological preparations in many areas of biology. It is being applied to problems of fundamental interest to basic cell and molecular biologists such as the organization of the interphase nucleus in the context of putative functional domains; it is making major contributions to genome mapping efforts; and it is being applied to the analysis of clinical specimens. Although fluorescence detection of nucleic acid hybrids is routinely used, certain questions require greater resolution. For example, very closely linked sequences may not be separable using fluorescence; the precise location of sequences with respect to chromosome structures may be below the resolution of light microscopy(LM); and the relative positions of sequences on very small chromosomes may not be feasible.

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