scholarly journals Oral and gut microbiome biomarkers of susceptibility to respiratory tract infection in adults: a longitudinal cohort feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire A Woodall ◽  
Ashley Hammond ◽  
David W Cleary ◽  
Andrew Preston ◽  
Peter Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background and aim: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in the community. There is some evidence that microbial biomarkers can be used to identify individuals most susceptible to RTI acquisition. We investigated the feasibility of recruiting healthy adults to collect at-home self-reported socio-demographic data and biological samples, saliva (oral) and stool (gut) at three time points (TPs): baseline/start of the study (TP-A), during an RTI (TP-B) and end of study (TP-C). Methods: Healthy adults were recruited from two urban Bristol GP practices. To identify respiratory pathogens in all saliva samples and RTI-S stool samples reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was applied. We compared oral and gut samples from participants who developed RTI symptoms (RTI-S) and those who remained healthy (no-RTI) using 16S rRNA profiling microbiome analysis to identify the core microbiome, alpha and beta diversity, and biomarkers for susceptibility to RTIs from baseline samples (TP-A) when all participants were healthy. Results: We recruited 56 participants but due to the UK COVID-19 pandemic disruption we did not receive samples from 16 participants leaving 19 RTI-S and 21 no-RTI participants with socio-demographic and microbiome data. RT-PCR revealed coagulase-negative Staphylococcus carriage was significantly higher in RTI-S participants compared to those who remained healthy and RTI symptoms may have been due to viral influenzae and bacterial co-infection with Haemophilus influenzae. Core microbiomes of no-RTI participants contained a greater number of taxa compared to RTI-S participants. Microbial biomarkers of RTI susceptibility in the oral cavity were an increased abundance of the pathobiont Streptococcus sobrinus and decreased probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius whereas in the gut there was an increased abundance of the genus Veillonella and decreased abundance of Coprobacillus. Conclusion: In our feasibility study we found oral and gut microbial biomarkers for susceptibility to RTI acquisition. Strategies to identify those most vulnerable to RTI in the community could lead to novel interventions to decrease respiratory infection and associated health services burden.

Frequent respiratory pathogens of respiratory tract infections in children attending daycare centers

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Bonfim ◽  
Maurício L. Nogueira ◽  
Paulo Vítor M. Simas ◽  
Luis Gustavo A. Gardinassi ◽  
Edison L. Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activities of Methoxyfluoroquinolones Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiratory Pathogens in Serum

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Stein ◽  
Sharon Schooley ◽  
Kerin L. Tyrrell ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Peptostreptococcus Magnus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and moxifloxacin (Bayer) are new methoxyfluoroquinolones with broad-spectrum activity against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens of the respiratory tract. In this investigation, we analyzed the bactericidal activity in serum over time of these antimicrobials against three aerobic (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and four anaerobic (Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella melaninogenica) bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections. Serum samples were obtained from 11 healthy male subjects following a single 400-mg oral dose of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. These samples were collected prior to and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after the dose of each drug. Gatifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 12 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml), and F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml) and 24 h against H. influenzae (MIC = 0.03 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). Moxifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 24 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), H. influenzae (MIC = 0.015 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.06 μg/ml), F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC =0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml). The results from this pharmacodynamic study suggest that these fluoroquinolones would have prolonged killing activity against these organisms in vivo and may have clinical utility in the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals WU Polyomavirus Associated with Severe Respiratory Failure in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S317-S318
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Uda ◽  
Kensuke Shoji ◽  
Chitose Wakai-Koyama ◽  
Isao Miyairi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Wu Polyomavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) is a relatively new virus associated with respiratory infections. However, its role is unclear in children with severe respiratory failure. We aimed to evaluate characteristics of severe respiratory failure associated with WUPyV in children. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the cases of respiratory tract infection at a tertiary children’s hospital in Tokyo between April 2010 and April 2017. We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for WUPyV using residual extracted nucleic acid samples taken from respiratory tract samples of pediatric patients, primarily with respiratory failure. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients positive for WUPyV. Samples positive for WUPyV were evaluated for co-infection with fast-track diagnostic kit (FTD-2); a multiplex PCR capable of detecting 21 respiratory pathogens. Results WUPyV was detected in 14 among 318 samples obtained from respiratory tract infections. Median age was 34 months old and males were predominant
(n = 11, 64%). Underlying disease was found in 11 (79%) cases, including five cases of preterm children and three immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical diagnosis was pneumonia (n = 13, 93%). Majority of the respiratory samples were endotracheal tube aspirates (n = 11, 79%) and the remaining were nasopharyngeal swabs. Co- infection was found in eight (57%) cases. WUPyV was the only pathogen detected in six cases, including two preterm children and one immunocompromised patient. Nine cases required mechanical ventilation, and two cases required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Conclusion WUPyV was detected from children with severe respiratory failure due to pneumonia, independently or concurrently with other pathogens, especially in preterm and immunocompromised patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals National and Regional Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens Identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem Surveillance Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4382-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Steven D. Brown ◽  
Maria M. Traczewski ◽  
Glenn S. Tillotson ◽  
Nebojsa Janjic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Surveillance studies conducted in the United States over the last decade have revealed increasing resistance among community-acquired respiratory pathogens, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, that may limit future options for empirical therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the scope and magnitude of the problem at the national and regional levels during the 2005-2006 respiratory season (the season when community-acquired respiratory pathogens are prevalent) in the United States. Also, since faropenem is an oral penem being developed for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, another study objective was to provide baseline data to benchmark changes in the susceptibility of U.S. respiratory pathogens to the drug in the future. The in vitro activities of faropenem and other agents were determined against 1,543 S. pneumoniae isolates, 978 Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 489 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 104 U.S. laboratories across six geographic regions during the 2005-2006 respiratory season. Among S. pneumoniae isolates, the rates of resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and cefdinir were 16, 6.4, and 19.2%, respectively. The least effective agents were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and azithromycin, with resistance rates of 23.5 and 34%, respectively. Penicillin resistance rates for S. pneumoniae varied by region (from 8.7 to 22.5%), as did multidrug resistance rates for S. pneumoniae (from 8.8 to 24.9%). Resistance to β-lactams, azithromycin, and SXT was higher among S. pneumoniae isolates from children than those from adults. β-Lactamase production rates among H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates were 27.4 and 91.6%, respectively. Faropenem MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.5 μg/ml for S. pneumoniae, 1 μg/ml for H. influenzae, and 0.5 μg/ml for M. catarrhalis, suggesting that faropenem shows promise as a treatment option for respiratory infections caused by contemporary resistant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Detection and Analysis of Respiratory Pathogens in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections by a Multiplex-PCR Assay Based on the Genetic Analyzer Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Guo ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Mingjin Zhou ◽  
Shiyue Mei ◽  
Yibing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Genetic Analyzer

Background: Despite the considerable incidence of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) among children in Henan province, detailed epidemiological information is limited Objectives: . Following a retrospective design, the current study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends of respiratory pathogens in children hospitalized at Henan Children’s Hospital. Methods: A total of 11306 children (age range, 4 days to 15 years) diagnosed with ARTI admitted to Henan Children’s Hospital from March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020, were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal swabs, alveolar lavage fluid, or sputum samples were analyzed for the presence of 12 pathogens via a multiplex-PCR assay based on the Genetic Analyzer platform. Data of 11306 samples were eligible for analysis. Results: The total positive rate was 78.1% (8831/11306). Of 8831 positive samples, 7017 (79.5%, 7017/8831) had a single pathogen and 1814 (20.5%, 1814/11306) had multiple pathogens. Human rhinovirus was the most common pathogen (25.4%, 2874/11306), followed by mycoplasma (18.1%, 2050/11306) and human respiratory syncytial virus (15.8%, 1783/11306). There was no significant difference concerning the positive rate of respiratory pathogens between boys and girls (χ2 = 0.286, P = 0.593). Children were more likely to be infected in autumn and winter than in spring and summer (9722 vs. 1584, respectively). Conclusions: Human rhinovirus and mycoplasma were the most commonly detected pathogens. The positive rate of chlamydia was independent of the season, while positive rates of other pathogens were season-related. The positive rate of influenza A (H1N1) was independent of age, while for other pathogens, it was age-dependent. This study demonstrated species-level information on the pathogens, which can improve the prevention and treatment of hospitalized children with ARTI.

scholarly journals Development and application of a method to detect 27 respiratory pathogens using multiplex RT-PCR combined with MassARRAY technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Yichao Yang ◽  
Jiangfeng Lyu ◽  
Xuyi Ren ◽  
Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections are the most common infections that lead to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early recognition and precise diagnosis of microbial etiology is important to treat LRTIs promptly, specifically and effectively. Objectives To establish a method based on multiplex reverse transcription (MRT)-PCR and MassARRAY technology for the simultaneous detection of 27 respiratory pathogens and explore its clinical application value. Methods Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the MRT-PCR-MassARRAY system were validated using inactivated bacterial and viral strains. Also we analyzed samples from 207 patients by MassARRAY methods and compared the results with consensus PCR/reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results The minimum detection limit of our MRT-PCR-MassARRAY method for pathogens was 10–100 copies/μl, with high specificity. Comparison test with consensus PCR/RT-PCR on 207 clinical samples, the positive, negative, and total correlation rates were 100, 98.68, and 99.03%, respectively. There was a high degree of agreement between the test results of the two methods (P < 0.01 by McNemar’s test). Conclusion Our detection system of 27 respiratory pathogens based on MassARRAY technology has high sensitivity and specificity, high throughput, and is simple to operate. It provides diagnostic value for the clinical diagnosis of respiratory pathogens and is of great significance in the screening of respiratory pathogens.

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