scholarly journals Global Perspective of COVID-19 Vaccine Nationalism

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash Basak ◽  
TANVIR ABIR ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Noor Raihani Zainol ◽  
Mansura Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Access Data

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the global perspective of the association between GDP of various countries and progress of COVID-19 vaccinations; to explore how the global pattern holds in the continents, and investigate the spatial distribution pattern of COVID-19 vaccination progress for all countries. We have used consolidated data on COVID-19 vaccination and GDP from Our World in Data, an open-access data source. Data analysis and visualization were performed in R-Studio. There was a strong linear association between per capita income and the proportion of people vaccinated in countries with one million or more populations. GDP per capita accounts for a 50% variation in the vaccination rate across the nations. Our assessments revealed that the global pattern holds in every continent. Rich European and North-American countries are most protected against COVID-19. Less developed African countries barely initiated the vaccination program. There is a significant disparity among Asian countries. The security of wealthier nations (vac-cinated their citizens) cannot be guaranteed unless adequate vaccination covers the less-endowed countries. Therefore, the global community should take initiatives to speed up the COVID-19 vaccination program in all countries of the world, irrespective of their wealth. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; GDP; public health, high-income countries, developing coun-tries

scholarly journals Alternative indicators of living standards and household consumption expenditure in a global perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Palát ◽  
Alois Kunc
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

The paper deals with identifying relationships between the household consumption expenditure and the human development index (HDI) on the sample of countries of the world. It provides an analysis of the HDI and the household consumption expenditure and on the basis of available statistic data carries out evaluation of the correlation analysis between household consumption expenditure and HDI in six groups of countries: developed countries, countries of the former eastern bloc, countries of the Near East, countries of South East Asia, Latin American countries and African countries. With respect to results of the analysis, statistically significant dependences were found between the development of household consumption expenditure per capita and HDI. At countries of the former eastern bloc, the dependence is always statistically significant but it does not reach such intensity. At African and some Latin American countries, the dependence is already statistically insignificant. Thus, we can summarize that with decreasing GDP per capita the dependence of the household consumption expenditure development on HDI weakens. In this respect, the validity of a hypothesis is also verified that household consumption expenditure is correlated to the HDI development at the global comparison on the more heterogeneous sample of countries than any other analyses published so far.

Data science skills: Building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Nureni Olawale Adeboye ◽  
Peter Osuolale Popoola ◽  
Oluwatobi Nurudeen Ogunnusi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Curriculum Delivery

Data science is a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, machine learning and their related methods in order to analyze actual phenomena with data to provide better understanding. This article focused its investigation on acquisition of data science skills in building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa, especially in the area of teaching statistics courses at the beginners’ level in tertiary institutions. Illustrations were made using Big data of selected 18 African countries sourced from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with special focus on some macro-economic variables that drives economic policy. Data description techniques were adopted in the analysis of the sourced open data with the aid of R analytics software for data science, as improvement on the traditional methods of data description for learning and thus open a new charter of education curriculum delivery in African schools. Though, the collaboration is not without its own challenges, its prospects in creating self-driven learning culture among students of tertiary institutions has greatly enhanced the quality of teaching, advancing students skills in machine learning, improved understanding of the role of data in global perspective and being able to critique claims based on data.

scholarly journals The First and Second Hands Data in Doctoral Research Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hasan Jashari
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Mixed Approach

It is a matter of debate about what a scientific research is. But within this issue we often discuss about the data source. These issues have raised some dilemmas of ethical character on how datas shall be collected, who collects them, and who may use and the way they are used. No doubt those doctorates represent a research but the purpose of this paper is to stimulate debate on some essential criteria which it should have. The first question we put forth is that how much of the data presented by the candidate are of first hand- collected by the candidate himself, his team and how much data are used from other sources or are given from second hand (Mattews, Ross, 2012). From the direct analysis of the doctorate works in SEE University, it turns out that there is a mixed approach of using the data and their presentation. We can freely say that first-hand data are more in number but there is also a great numbers of dissertations without first-hand data, so without source data, collected directly by the author on the determined subject of his paper . So the permanent question that should afflict us is that whether a dissertation should always respect innovation and basic principles of Salzburg Principles? By reviewing of the literature, documents analyzing, statistical analyzing we will be able to give a clear picture of how the of primary and secondary sources in the dissertation work should be used.

scholarly journals Word-Formation Process on COVID-19 Related Terms as Japanese Language Variation

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
Nadya Inda Syartanti
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Observation Method

This research aims to identify the types of vocabulary in Japanese, to explore the word-formation process, and to analyse the function of COVID-19 related terms conveyed by various content creators on YouTube channels, from Japan and Indonesia. The seven YouTube channel accounts are Aki no Sora (Indonesia), po.n.go_id or Pocket Nihongo (Indonesia), Sakura Pinku (Indonesia), Wagomu (Indonesia), Omoshiroi Nihongo (Japan), Japanese Ammo with Misa (Japan), and Coto Academy (Japan that used as the data source. Data were collected using the observation method and analysed by the distribution method. The results showed that the COVID-19 related terms are dominated by the type of vocabulary kango as the form or type of vocabulary that is most widely used in matching the COVID-19 related term. Among all word-formation processes, the COVID-19 terms in Japanese identified as borrowing, compounding, and multiple processes. However, the multiple word-formation processes are dominated on COVID-19 terms in Japanese. It related to the domination of the type of kango used. From that, there are multiple functions that are included in COVID-19 terms in Japanese, namely disease information, preventive action, symptom, and announcement. Therefore, this research can be contributed to data analysis, which used morphological analysis in Japanese terms.

scholarly journals International Trade and Economic Misery in African Countries with Low Human Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-243
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu C. Nwogwugwu ◽  
Collins C. Umeghalu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Manufacture Export ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita

Puzzled by the demeaning level of poverty most African countries continue to grapple with despite their extensive participation in international trade, the study attempts to examine the encumbrances that tend to impede African countries from optimally reaping the developmental gains inherent in partaking in international trade, which seems to also worsen the economic misery the inhabitants endlessly contend with. The System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimation technique was used in the study which involves 17 African countries and spans from 1995 - 2018. While misery index is used to measure economic misery, the impact of international trade on economic misery is captured by means of its effect via economic misery, economic growth rate, balance of payment, total export, manufacture export and exchange rate. The results of the study reveal that balance of payments, total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, exchange rate and lagged form of economic misery all have positive effect on economic misery. While the effects of total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, and exchange rate on economic misery are significant, those of balance of payments and lagged form of economic misery are insignificant. While the study recommends that international trade be engaged strategically such that it results in favourable balance of payments, it also encourages the discarding of obsolete trade policies such as outright bans on importation of certain commodities. Bilateral trade agreements are recommended over multilateral trade agreements, since they are more mutually beneficial and binding on the parties involved

Use Of A Mobile Cart Influenza Program For Vaccination Of Hospital Employees

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sartor ◽  
Herve Tissot-Dupont ◽  
Christine Zandotti ◽  
Francoise Martin ◽  
Pierre Roques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haenszel Test

AbstractObjective:Rates of annual influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) remained low in our university hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a mobile cart influenza vaccination program on HCW vaccination.Methods:From 2000 to 2002, the employee health service continued its annual influenza vaccination program and the mobile cart program was implemented throughout the institution. This program offered influenza vaccination to all employees directly on the units. Each employee completed a questionnaire. Vaccination rates were analyzed using the Mantel–Haenszel test.Results:The program proposed vaccination to 50% to 56% of the employees. Among the nonvaccinated employees, 52% to 53% agreed to be vaccinated. The compliance with vaccination varied from 61% to 77% among physicians and medical students and from 38% to 55% among nurses and other employees. Vaccination of the chief or associate professor of the unit was associated with a higher vaccination rate of the medical staff (P < .01). Altogether, the vaccination program led to an increase in influenza vaccination among employees from 6% in 1998 and 7% in 1999 before the mobile cart program to 32% in 2000, 35% in 2001, and 32% in 2002 (P < .001).Conclusions:The mobile cart program was associated with a significantly increased vaccination acceptance. Our study was able to identify HCW groups for which the mobile cart was effective and highlight the role of the unit head in its success.

Effectively regulating foreign fishing to improve food security and fishery sustainability in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Ye ◽  
Kevern Cochrane ◽  
Papa Ndiaye ◽  
Mohsen Al-Husaini
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
African People ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Resource Status ◽  
Improve Food Security

Abstract Africa is the poorest continent with a burgeoning population and experiencing the most severe food insecurity and overfishing in the world. Searching for sustainable development pathways, we systematically analyzed a comprehensive dataset on fish consumption, international trade, production by local and foreign fleets, and fishery resource status available for the last 70 years. Our findings show that Africa relies on imports to supplement the lowest per capita fish consumption among continents while foreign fleets fish legally or illegally in African waters, annually landing approximately 3.3 million tonnes of fish (equivalent to 48% of the total marine catch reported by African countries) outside Africa in 2017. While restoring overfished stocks, Africa should urgently transform the regulation and use of foreign fishing to satisfy various demands for more fish for African people, better profits and social prospects for the fishery sector, and sustainable fish resources as required by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Appropriate Extension Methodologies for Agricultural Development in Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
B. S. Famuyiwa ◽  
O. A. Olaniyi ◽  
S. A. Adesoji
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Culturally Compatible

Over two-thirds of the world's poorest people are located in rural areas and engaged primarily in agriculture and agricultural-related activities for their livelihood. Therefore, the future of most underdeveloped and developing nations depends on agriculture. Most African Countries have agricultural dependent economies that are hinged to rain-fed agriculture and based on smallholdings. These countries are referred to as countries with emerging economies and characterized as having low to middle per capita income and represent 20% of the world's economies. This chapter discusses; concepts of agricultural extension methodologies assessed from past to present, appropriating extension methodologies to encourage agricultural development, identifying roles of agricultural extension activities in agricultural development and factors influencing the choice of appropriate extension methodologies in emerging economies. It concludes with the constraints to sustainable agricultural development and extension methodologies which if removed will have the potential for progression towards economy development. Developing countries should fashion a sustainable extension system that will be socially acceptable and culturally compatible, economically viable and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danjuma Maijama'a ◽  
Shamzaeffa Samsudin ◽  
Shazida jan Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>This study investigates the effects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic growth in 42<br />sub-Saharan African countries using data spanning from 1990-2013. Unlike previous studies,<br />we use a longer data horizon and take the time lag effect of the epidemic’s incubation period<br />that is, after it might have developed to AIDS into consideration in our estimations. We<br />estimated an empirical growth equation within an augmented Solow model and applied the<br />dynamic system GMM estimator. The results suggest that current HIV prevalence rate –<br />associated with rising morbidity, has a negative effect on GDP per capita growth, conversely<br />AIDS – associated with higher mortality in addition to morbidity, increases per capita GDP<br />growth.</p>

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