scholarly journals Sex differences in the alcohol-mediated modulation of BLA network states

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa DiLeo ◽  
Pantelis Antonoudiou ◽  
Spencer Ha ◽  
Jamie Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Network States ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

About 85% of adults in the United States report drinking alcohol in their lifetime. Mood disorders, like generalized anxiety disorder and major depression, are highly comorbid with alcohol use. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is an area of the brain that is heavily implicated in both mood disorders and alcohol use disorder. Importantly, modulation of BLA network/oscillatory states via parvalbumin-positive (PV) GABAergic interneurons has been shown to control the behavioral expression of fear and anxiety. Further, PV interneurons express a high density of δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which are sensitive to low concentrations of alcohol. Our lab previously demonstrated that δ-subunit-containing GABAARs on PV interneurons in the BLA influence voluntary ethanol intake and anxiety-like behavior in withdrawal. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effects of alcohol may modulate BLA network states that have been associated with fear and anxiety behaviors via δ-GABAARs on PV interneurons in the BLA. Given the impact of ovarian hormones on the expression of δ-GABAARs, we examined the ability of alcohol to modulate local field potentials (LFPs) in the BLA from male and female C57BL/6J and Gabrd-/- mice after acute and repeated exposure to alcohol. Here, we demonstrate that acute and repeated alcohol can differentially modulate oscillatory states in male and female C57BL/6J mice, a process which involves δ-GABAARs. This is the first study to demonstrate that alcohol is capable of altering network states implicated in both anxiety and alcohol use disorders.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Web-Based Alcohol Prevention Program on Social Norms, Expectancies, and Intentions to Prevent Harm among College Student-Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melodie Fearnow-Kenney ◽  
David L. Wyrick ◽  
Jeffrey J. Milroy ◽  
Erin J. Reifsteck ◽  
Timothy Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
The Impact

College athletes are at risk for heavy alcohol use, which jeopardizes their general health, academic standing, and athletic performance. Effective prevention programming reduces these risks by targeting theory-based intermediate factors that predict alcohol use while tailoring content to student-athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the myPlaybook online prevention program on student-athletes’ social norms, negative alcohol expectancies, and intentions to use alcohol-related harm prevention strategies. NCAA Division II student-athletes were recruited from 60 institutions across the United States to complete myPlaybook and pretest/posttest surveys measuring demographics and targeted outcome variables. Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group (pretest-program-posttest; final n = 647) or the delayed treatment “control” group (pretest-posttest-program; final n = 709). Results revealed significant program effects on social norms (p < .01) and intentions to use harm prevention strategies (p < .01), while the effect on negative alcohol expectancies was nonsignificant (p = .14). Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

The Ranking Of Terminal And Instrumental Values By Working Professionals In Thailand, Singapore And The United States: What Is Important And How Do They Impact Decision-Making?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natcha Limthanakom ◽  
William Lauffer ◽  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽  
Edward F. Murphy, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore gender and cross-cultural gender differences with respect to individual values. This study will fill a gap in the research literature as few studies have explored male and female value differences in Thailand and few have explored sex differences between eastern values as compared to western values in the United States and another eastern nation, Singapore. An understanding of the attitudes, cultures and values in other countries becomes particularly significant given current globalization trends. Furthermore, researchers also need to understand different demographics to better anticipate the impact of socio-demographic variation in cross-cultural investigations.

Investigation into Gender Perception toward Computing

2012 ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
Kittipong Laosethakul ◽  
Thaweephan Leingpibul ◽  
Thomas Coe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
The Impact

A potential explanation for the decline of female participation in computing-related education and careers in the United States is the perception that computing is for males. In this regard, declining participation limits diversity in the IT workforce. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of two psychological factors, computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy, on gender perception toward computing between American male and female students. The authors also investigate whether the same relationship is found in India, where, while computing is dominated by males, female participation is rapidly increasing due to global IT outsourcing.

scholarly journals Alcohol Drinking Exacerbates Neural and Behavioral Pathology in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Hoffman ◽  
Sara Faccidomo ◽  
Michelle Kim ◽  
Seth M. Taylor ◽  
Abigail E. Agoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Pathology

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents the most common cause of dementia in the United States. Although the link between alcohol use and AD has been studied, preclinical research has potential to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this interaction. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that non-dependent alcohol drinking exacerbates the onset and magnitude of AD-like neural and behavioral pathology. We first evaluated the impact of voluntary 24-h, 2-bottle choice home-cage alcohol drinking on the prefrontal cortex and amygdala neuroproteome in C57BL/6J mice and found a striking association between alcohol drinking and AD-like pathology. Bioinformatics identified the AD-associated proteins MAPT (Tau), amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), and presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) as the main modulators of alcohol-sensitive protein networks that included AD-related proteins that regulate energy metabolism (ATP5D, HK1, AK1, PGAM1, CKB), cytoskeletal development (BASP1, CAP1, DPYSL2 [CRMP2], ALDOA, TUBA1A, CFL2, ACTG1), cellular/oxidative stress (HSPA5, HSPA8, ENO1, ENO2), and DNA regulation (PURA, YWHAZ). To address the impact of alcohol drinking on AD, studies were conducted using 3xTg-AD mice that express human MAPT, APP, and PSEN-1 transgenes and develop AD-like brain and behavioral pathology. 3xTg-AD and wildtype mice consumed alcohol or saccharin for 4 months. Behavioral tests were administered during a 1-month alcohol free period. Alcohol intake induced AD-like behavioral pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice including impaired spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze, diminished sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition, and exacerbated conditioned fear. Multiplex immunoassay conducted on brain lysates showed that alcohol drinking upregulated primary markers of AD pathology in 3xTg-AD mice: Aβ 42/40 ratio in the lateral entorhinal and prefrontal cortex and total Tau expression in the lateral entorhinal cortex and amygdala at 1-month post alcohol exposure. Immunocytochemistry showed that alcohol use upregulated expression of pTau (Ser199/Ser202) in the hippocampus, which is consistent with late stage AD. According to the NIA-AA Research Framework, these results suggest that alcohol use is associated with Alzheimer’s pathology. Results also showed that alcohol use was associated with a general reduction in Akt/mTOR signaling via several phosphoproteins (IR, IRS1, IGF1R, PTEN, ERK, mTOR, p70S6K, RPS6) in multiple brain regions including hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Dysregulation of Akt/mTOR phosphoproteins suggests alcohol may target this pathway in AD progression. These results suggest that nondependent alcohol drinking increases the onset and magnitude of AD-like neural and behavioral pathology in 3xTg-AD mice.

The Labor Market Impact of Mandated Employment Verification Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Cynthia Bansak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Verification Systems ◽  
The Impact

Employment verification systems covered about one out of four people hired in the United States in 2010. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of state-level employment verification mandates on the employment and wages of likely unauthorized workers across the entire United States between 2004 and 2010. We find that E-Verify mandates, particularly those covering all employers, significantly curtail the employment likelihood of likely unauthorized male and female workers. However, they appear to have mixed effects on wages and may redistribute likely unauthorized labor towards industries often benefiting from specific exclusions, such as agriculture or food services.

Investigation into Gender Perception toward Computing

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Kittipong Laosethakul ◽  
Thaweephan Leingpibul ◽  
Thomas Coe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
The Impact

A potential explanation for the decline of female participation in computing-related education and careers in the United States is the perception that computing is for males. In this regard, declining participation limits diversity in the IT workforce. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of two psychological factors, computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy, on gender perception toward computing between American male and female students. The authors also investigate whether the same relationship is found in India, where, while computing is dominated by males, female participation is rapidly increasing due to global IT outsourcing.

scholarly journals Associations between TG/HDL ratio and insulin resistance in the US population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongpeng Gong ◽  
Gang Luo ◽  
Mingxiang Wang ◽  
Lingbo Ma ◽  
Shengnan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Clinical data on the relationship between TG/HDL ratio and IR suggests that TG/HDL ratio may be a risk factor for insulin resistance. However, there is evidence that different races have different risk of developing insulin resistance. The relationship on TG/HDL ratio and insulin resistance in various populations needs to be improved. Therefore, we investigated whether TG/HDL ratio was linked to insulin resistance in different groups in the United States after controlling for other covariates. METHODS: The current research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. From 2009 to 2018, NHANES had a total of 49,696 participants, all of whom were Americans. The target-independent variable was TG/HDL ratio measured at baseline, and the dependent variable was insulin resistance. Additionally, the BMI, waist circumference, education, race, smoking, alcohol use, ALT, AST, and other covariates were also included in this analysis. RESULTS: The average age of the 10,132 participants was 48.6±18.4 years, and approximately 4936 (48.7%) were male. After correcting for confounders, fully-adjusted logistic regression revealed that TG/HDL ratio was correlated with insulin resistance (OR=1.51, 95%CI 1.42-1.59). A non-linear interaction between TG/HDL ratio and IR was discovered, with a point of 1.06. The impact sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 6.28 (4.66-8.45) and 1.69 (1.45-1.97), respectively. According to subgroup analysis, the correlation was strong in female, alcohol use, and diabetes patients. Meanwhile, the inverse pattern was observed in the aged, obese, high-income, and smoking populations. CONCLUSION: In the American population, the TG/HDL ratio is positively associated with IR in a non-linear interaction pattern.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intergenerational Cultural Dissonance on Alcohol Use Among Vietnamese and Cambodian Adolescents in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Kane ◽  
Renee M. Johnson ◽  
Courtland Robinson ◽  
David H. Jernigan ◽  
Tracy W. Harachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dissonance ◽  
Intergenerational Cultural Dissonance ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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