scholarly journals Consumer-driven nutrient recycling of freshwater decapods: linking ecological theories and application in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Musin ◽  
María Victoria Torres ◽  
Débora de Azevedo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Productive Systems

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MET) and the Ecological Stoichiometry Theory (EST) are central and complementary in the consumer-driven recycling conceptual basis. The comprehension of physiological processes of organisms at different levels of organizations is essential to explore and predict nutrient recycling behavior in different scenarios, and to design integrated productive systems that efficiently use the nutrient inputs through an adjusted mass balance. We fed with fish-feed three species of decapods from different families and with aquacultural potential to explore the animal-mediated nutrient dynamic and its applicability in productive systems. We tested whether physiological (body mass, body elemental content), ecological (diet), taxonomic and experimental (time of incubation) variables predicts N and P excretion rates and ratios across and within taxa. We also analysed body mass and body elemental content independently as predictors of N and P excretion of decapods across, among and within taxa. Finally, we verified if body content scales allometrically across and within taxa and if differed among taxa. Body mass and taxonomic identity predicted nutrient excretion rates both across and within taxa. When physiological variables were analysed independently, body size best predicted nutrient mineralization in both scales of analyses. Regarding body elemental content, only body P content scaled negatively with body mass across taxa. Results showed higher N-requirements and lower C:N of prawns than anomurans and crabs. The role of crustaceans as nutrient recyclers depends mainly on the species and body mass, and should be considered to select complementary species that efficiently use feed resources. Prawns need more protein in their feed and might be integrated with fish of higher N-requirements, while crabs and anomurans, with fish of lower N-requirements. Our study contributed to the background of MTE and EST through empirical data obtained from decapods and provided useful information to achieve more efficient aquaculture integration systems.

scholarly journals Trophic Trait Evolution Explains Variation in Nutrient Excretion Stoichiometry among Panamanian Armored Catfishes (Loricariidae)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Eric K. Moody ◽  
Fernando Alda ◽  
Krista A. Capps ◽  
Oscar Puebla ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Excretion Rates

Variation in nutrient excretion rates and stoichiometric ratios (e.g., nitrogen to phosphorus) by consumers can have substantial effects on aquatic ecosystem function. While phylogenetic signals within an assemblage often explain variation in nutrient recycling rates and stoichiometry, the phylogenetically conserved traits that underlie this phenomenon remain unclear. In particular, variation in nutrient excretion stoichiometry across a phylogeny might be driven by phylogenetic patterns in either diet or body stoichiometry. We examined the relative importance of these traits in explaining variation in nutrient recycling rates and stoichiometry in a diverse family of Neotropical-armored catfishes, Loricariidae, in Panamanian streams. We found significant variation in nutrient mineralization traits among species and subfamilies, but variation in nutrient excretion stoichiometry among species was best explained by trophic position rather than body stoichiometry. The variation in trophic position among Panamanian species was consistent with variation in the trophic niche of their genera across South America, suggesting that phylogenetic patterns underpin the evolution of trophic and nutrient excretion traits among these species. Such geographical variation in nutrient mineralization patterns among closely related species may be common, given that trophic variation in fish lineages occurs widely. These results suggest that information on trophic trait evolution within lineages will advance our understanding of the functional contribution of animals to biogeochemical cycling.

Direct and indirect effects of fish on pelagic nitrogen and phosphorus availability in oligotrophic Arctic Alaskan lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody R. Johnson ◽  
Chris Luecke ◽  
Stephen C. Whalen ◽  
Mary Anne Evans
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Excretion Rates

The importance of fish nutrient recycling for lake primary production increases with lake productivity. However, fish in low-productivity lakes may have substantial indirect effects on nutrient recycling from lower trophic levels. We measured nutrient excretion rates from fish and zooplankton in oligotrophic Arctic lakes and investigated direct and indirect fish effects on consumer nutrient recycling. Fish nutrient excretion rates were small relative to phytoplankton nutrient demand. Zooplankton excretion, however, supplied 19%–130% and 37%–200% of phytoplankton nitrogen and phosphorus demand, respectively. Fish had a significant effect on zooplankton biomass; in lakes with fish, this was approximately 80% lower than in lakes without fish. The difference in zooplankton biomass was due primarily to a decrease in zooplankton density; no significant difference in average zooplankton size was observed between fish and fishless lakes. Fish also impacted zooplankton community composition; communities in lakes with fish were dominated by copepods compared with cladoceran dominance in lakes without fish. Because of lower zooplankton biomass, lakes with fish showed lower rates of zooplankton nitrogen and phosphorus excretion relative to lakes without fish. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that fish have major indirect effects on lake nutrient cycles, even when direct excretion from fish is minimal.

Biathlon Performance: Heart Rate, Hit Rate, Speed and Physiological Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3245-3249
Author(s):  
Gökhan Atasever ◽  
Fatih Kiyici ◽  
Deniz Bedir ◽  
Fatih Ağduman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Short Time

Aim: Biathlon is a sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. The athlete is fast in the cross-country skiing section, in the gun shooting section, the heart rate should be low. This study aims to determine the hitting rate of the shots made with different training loads on low altitude in elite biathletes in terms of maximum speed and physiological variables. Methods: To evaluate shooting performances first with the resting pulse and then after 2.5 km skiing respectively with 50%, 70% and 100% pulse rate which is separately calculated for each athlete according to karvonen formula. Results: Our findings show that while there was negative relation between maximum speed and body fat there was a positive relation with lean body mass. It has been determined that low body fat percentage and high lean body mass are effective at the athletes’ maximum speed and the pulse level with the highest target shooting accuracy rate was at rest and 70% in the second level. Conclusion: Since the pulse of the athlete who comes to the shooting area cannot be reduced to a resting level in a short time, focusing the 70% pulse zone may be beneficial in terms of shooting accuracy and acceleration after the shot. The lowest results in target shooting accuracy were seen at 50% and 100% loads. Keywords: Athletes, performance, heart, rate, lean body mass.

scholarly journals Manifestations of somatic disturbances in early postmenopause in women after physiological and surgical menopause

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Nincic ◽  
Dragan Zikic ◽  
Tatjana Ivkovic-Kapicl ◽  
Katarina Mastilovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Surgical Menopause ◽  
Arterial Tension ◽  
Early Postmenopause

Background/Aim. The most common secondary manifestations of menopause are clinical manifestations of estrogen deficiency. They could be early and late. The aim of this study was to compare manifestations of somatic disturbances in early postmenopause in women after physiological and surgical menopause. Methods. This prospective study included 60 women, age 41-55 years, divided into two groups: physiological (30 of them) and surgically induced menopause. For every subject a special evidence list, consisting of the disease history questions, physical and gynecology examination as well as dates about physiological variables (arterial tension, height, weight, and body-mass index) and laboratory examination was formed. The values of arterial blood pressure, body height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), and lipid status were determined and gynecological examinations were performed in each patient. Results. The most frequent symptoms in both groups were vasomotor ones. Headache was the more intensive sign in the group after induced menopause. Extra systolic heart excursion was a common symptom in both study groups. Arterial tension, regardless of the type of menopause, was in the physiological range. The frequent organic signs of menopause, more intensive in the group after induced menopause, were genitourinary and skin atrophy. An analysis of the BMI showed that the women in both groups were obese (BMI > 25). The lipids analysis confirmed the predomination of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in the group with physiologic menopause and type IIb after induced menopause. Conclusion. The dominant signs of menopausal syndrome were vasomotor and bone-joint symptoms, more frequent in the group after induced menopause. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups according to the genitourinary atrophy and other signs of aging. Menopausal hormonal changes, regardless of the way of menopause developing, increase the risk for hyperlipoproteinemia. The frequency of somatic signs in early post menopause is typically higher after induced menopause. More intensive follow-up in patients after surgical removing of the ovaria is necessary in order to improve the quality of life in these patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Drying and Re-Wetting on Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Recycling: A Manipulative Experiment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Palmia ◽  
Marco Bartoli ◽  
Alex Laini ◽  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
Claudio Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Stream Drying ◽  
Benthic Environment ◽  
Leaf Disks

Climate change and water abstraction may change stream flow from perennial into intermittent lotic systems, modifying their abiotic and biotic benthic environment and impacting ecosystem processes such as nutrient turnover. We conducted a microcosm experiment to investigate the interactive effect of water intermittency, macrofauna and leaf size (Populus nigra leaves) on nutrient mineralization and recycling. Leaf disks (1 or 5 cm diameter) were incubated for 40 days with or without the leaf-consumer, Potamophylax cingulatus larvae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) and with or without an intervening, 10-days simulation of stream drying and subsequent rewetting. Nutrient fluxes, residual leaf biomass and leaf elemental composition were measured to evaluate how intermittency, macrofauna and leaf size affect organic matter mineralization rates and stoichiometry. Results suggest that drying slows decomposition rates, impacting both the microbial and setting to zero macrofauna activities. The presence of macrofauna increases mineralization and nutrient (C, N and P) regeneration rates. Our findings also suggest that leaf disks with higher diameter display higher microbial activity and NH4+ regeneration. During the experiment, the C:N:P ratios of residual litter changed, as the leaf material became enriched with N and P. Our study suggests that increasingly frequent dry events might slow mineralization rates and downstream nutrient transport.

scholarly journals Copper and Gold Nanoparticles Increase Nutrient Excretion Rates of Primary Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 10170-10180
Author(s):  
Brittany G. Perrotta ◽  
Marie Simonin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Back ◽  
Steven M. Anderson ◽  
Astrid Avellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
Excretion Rates

scholarly journals Fish-mediated nutrient recycling and the trophic cascade in lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1924-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz Attayde ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Zooplankton Grazing ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

The effects of planktivorous fish on phytoplankton through nutrient recycling and zooplankton herbivory were experimentally separated and their relative importance quantified in a eutrophic humic lake. Natural phytoplankton assemblages were incubated in nutrient-permeable chambers placed inside enclosures with or without fish. Outside these chambers, phytoplankton were exposed to zooplankton herbivory and to nutrient recycling by fish and zooplankton, whereas inside the chambers, phytoplankton were exposed only to nutrient recycling by these consumers. Our results show that fish had significant positive effects on cyanobacteria, cryptomonads, and chlorophytes inside the chambers, indicating that fish-mediated nutrient recycling had significant effects on these phytoplankton groups. However, our results also indicate that changes in zooplankton grazing induced by fish were an important mechanism by which fish affected all phytoplankton groups except cyanobacteria. Comparison of effect sizes revealed that the effects on cyanobacteria and chlorophytes through nutrient recycling were stronger than those through zooplankton grazing. Moreover, most of the fish-mediated nutrient recycling effects were due to increased nutrient recycling by zooplankton rather than direct nutrient excretion by fish. In conclusion, we provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that fish-mediated nutrient recycling is an important mechanism affecting phytoplankton community structure and favoring cyanobacteria dominance in lakes.

scholarly journals Metabolic theory and taxonomic identity predict nutrient recycling in a diverse food web

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. E2640-E2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Edward Allgeier ◽  
Seth J. Wenger ◽  
Amy D. Rosemond ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Craig A. Layman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Excretion Rates

Reconciling the degree to which ecological processes are generalizable among taxa and ecosystems, or contingent on the identity of interacting species, remains a critical challenge in ecology. Ecological stoichiometry (EST) and metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) are theoretical approaches used to evaluate how consumers mediate nutrient dynamics and energy flow through ecosystems. Recent theoretical work has explored the utility of these theories, but empirical tests in species-rich ecological communities remain scarce. Here we use an unprecedented dataset collected from fishes and dominant invertebrates (n = 900) in a diverse subtropical coastal marine community (50 families, 72 genera, 102 species; body mass range: 0.04–2,597 g) to test the utility of EST and MTE in predicting excretion rates of nitrogen (EN), phosphorus (EP), and their ratio (ENP). Body mass explained a large amount of the variation in EN and EP but not ENP. Strong evidence in support of the MTE 3/4 allometric scaling coefficient was found for EP, and for EN only after accounting for variation in excretion rates among taxa. In all cases, including taxonomy in models substantially improved model performance, highlighting the importance of species identity for this ecosystem function. Body nutrient content and trophic position explained little of the variation in EN, EP, or ENP, indicating limited applicability of basic predictors of EST. These results highlight the overriding importance of MTE for predicting nutrient flow through organisms, but emphasize that these relationships still fall short of explaining the unique effects certain species can have on ecological processes.

Assessment of the Importance of Nutrient Recycling by Seabirds in the St. Lawrence Estuary

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bédard ◽  
J. C. Therriault ◽  
J. Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
The One ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Feeding and excretion rates of the herring, great black-backed, and ring-billed gulls (Larus argentatus, L. marinus, and L. delawarensis), and of the common eider (Somateria mollissima) were measured in captive individuals and the concentration of soluble nutrients in their excreta was established.The bird population in a 30.6-km2 coastal study area varied between 2500 and 12 500 individuals between early May and mid-November. These birds excreted a seasonal total of 5.8, 4.2, and 48.1 kg-at. of soluble silicate, phosphate, and nitrogenous compounds, respectively. Such quantities, when introduced in the nutrient budget of the coastal area studied, are found to be negligible, considering the levels of nutrients generally recorded in these waters on the one hand, and the relative importance of alternate sources such as land drainage and vertical mixing on the other. Thus, the seabirds can hardly be viewed, except perhaps under the most special circumstances, as important agents in the dynamic nutrient regeneration processes of marine coastal waters of the St. Lawrence Estuary.Key words: nutrient recycling, seabirds, St. Lawrence Estuary

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