scholarly journals Assessing and improving the validity of COVID-19 autopsy studies - a multi center approach to establish essential standards for immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Krasemann ◽  
Carsten Dittmayer ◽  
Saskia v. Stillfried ◽  
Jenny Meinhardt ◽  
Fabian Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Autopsy Tissues ◽  
Human Autopsy

Background Autopsy studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Controversies remain whether the clinical presentation is due to direct organ damage by SARS-CoV-2 or secondary effects, e.g. by an overshooting immune response. SARS-CoV-2 detection in tissues by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) or electron microscopy (EM) can help answer these questions, but a comprehensive evaluation of these applications is missing. Methods We assessed publications using IHC and EM for SARS-CoV-2 detection in autopsy tissues. We systematically evaluated commercially available antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid, dsRNA, and non-structural protein Nsp3 in cultured cell lines and COVID-19 autopsy tissues. In a multicenter study, we evaluated specificity, reproducibility, and inter-observer variability of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid staining. We correlated RT-qPCR viral tissue loads with semiquantitative IHC scoring. We used qualitative and quantitative EM analyses to refine criteria for ultrastructural identification of SARS-CoV-2. Findings Publications show high variability in the detection and interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 abundance in autopsy tissues by IHC or EM. In our study, we show that IHC using antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid yields the highest sensitivity and specificity. We found a positive correlation between presence of viral proteins by IHC and RT-qPCR-determined SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load (r=-0.83, p-value <0.0001). For EM, we refined criteria for virus identification and also provide recommendations for optimized sampling and analysis. 116 of 122 publications misinterpret cellular structures as virus using EM or show only insufficient data. We provide publicly accessible digitized EM and IHC sections as a reference and for training purposes. Interpretation Since detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human autopsy tissues by IHC and EM is difficult and frequently incorrect, we propose criteria for a re-evaluation of available data and guidance for further investigations of direct organ effects by SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluation of the development ability of medical association based on evidential reasoning and prospect theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Shizheng Li ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidential Reasoning ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Equivalent Transformation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Indexes

China has proposed medical couplet body to alleviate residents’ difficulties in seeking medical treatment, and the future development ability of medical couplet body has gradually become a research interest. On the basis of prospect theory, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system with qualitative and quantitative indexes, clear hierarchy, and diverse attribute characteristics. The development ability of medical couplet body is also comprehensively and systematically evaluated. In addition, the evidential reasoning method is proposed on the basis of the equivalent transformation of prospect value. Furthermore, the validity and feasibility of the model are proven through experiments, and the influence of decision makers’ risk attitude on the evaluation results is discussed.

Cadmium Concentration in Human Autopsy Tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lech ◽  
Józefa K. Sadlik
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Autopsy Tissues ◽  
Human Autopsy

Sustainable Attraction of Ecological Countryside Resort

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Shu Hai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Index System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Service Marketing ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Index ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Based on the analysis of nine factors, which influencing mostly the sustainable attraction of Ecological Countryside Resort, this paper builds an index system for evaluating the attraction of Ecological Countryside Resort. Considering the attribute of the evaluation of sustainable attraction of ecological countryside resort, which is multi-gradation, multi-factor, and qualitative-and-quantitative-index-concentrating, this paper develops a multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for assessing sustainable attraction of Ecological Countryside Resort. Thus, this paper provides a basis for improving the sustainable attraction of Ecological Countryside Resort, prolonging the life of Ecological Countryside Resort, optimizing the development and service marketing of Ecological Countryside Resort.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BUILDING VILLAGE INDEX (IDM) IN VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN KUALA SUB-DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Wahyuddina Wahyuddina
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Status ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Village ◽  
Regression Tests

This study aims to analyze the building village index (IDM) in the development of the village in Kuala sub-district of Nagan Raya regency. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The object of this study is 17 villages in the region of Kuala sub-district, while the data used in this study is sourced from primary and secondary data derived from document review, observation, FGD, and interviews from 2015 to 2017. Data analysis technique using descriptive analysis in the form of tables and diagrams, while the quantitative analysis using multiple regression tests with the dependent variable percentage of village fund accumulation 2015-2017, independent variables are IKL, IKE, IKS, and IDM. The results showed that the analysis of the use of village funds for development in Kuala sub-district positively influences the assumption p-value α = 0.005, sig of 0.001. Then with the development of village infrastructure and empowerment, the status of villages in the region of Kuala sub-district increased with an average developing status of 71 percent and advance village status of 23 percent. 

scholarly journals Considerations for Evaluation of Diabetes Prevention Programs in Hispanic Adults in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Jinan Banna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Hispanic Adults

Hispanics are at high risk for diabetes. While there have been a number of diabetes prevention programs targeting Hispanics in the United States, not all recent studies focused on evaluating such programs have made use of validated tools to examine behavior change or examined acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Tools used to assess behavioral outcomes such as diet should be tested to ensure validity and reliability. Acceptability may be examined using qualitative and quantitative measures to obtain feedback on the content of the intervention. Feasibility of the intervention may be evidenced by the enrollment, attendance, and attrition rates, as well as barriers or facilitators to participating in the program. Appropriate and comprehensive evaluation of such programs will allow for continued improvement of prevention efforts to address high rates of diabetes in this at-risk population.

Prediction and Sensibility Analysis for Nuclear Safety-Critical Software Reliability of DCS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Ying ◽  
Wang Ya-feng ◽  
Pang Bo ◽  
Tang Lei ◽  
Feng Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Software Failure ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Model ◽  
Common Cause Failures ◽  
Sensibility Analysis

With the development of control and information technology at NPPs, software reliability is important because software failure is usually considered as one form of common cause failures in Digital I&C Systems (DCS). The reliability analysis of DCS, particularly qualitative and quantitative evaluation on the nuclear safety-critical software reliability belongs to a great challenge. To solve this problem, not only comprehensive evaluation model and stage evaluation models are built in this paper, but also prediction and sensibility analysis are given to the models. It can make basement for evaluating the reliability and safety of DCS.

Evaluation Model of College English Teaching Based on the Theory of Cloud Gravity Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6087-6092
Author(s):  
Liu Qun Yang ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Teaching Evaluation ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
College English ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quality Of Teaching

College English teaching evaluation is an important step to improve the quality of teaching and to promote students' development and assessment of teachers' performance, which is characterized by many factors and multidimensional structure. The current college English teaching evaluation method faces such problems: fuzzy evaluation criteria, subjective judgment and the difficulty to quantify evaluation results. Based on cloud theory, this article will explore college English teaching evaluation, and establish a comprehensive evaluation model based on cloud gravity center by using weight deviation to measure the quality of teaching. This article will also build an inter-relationship mapping between qualitative and quantitative evaluation, which supports the whole process of comprehensive evaluation with the combination of qualitative and quantitative indexes. Finally this article gives an example of specific application of this method.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Margarida Barra Bisinotto ◽  
Patrícia Luísa Pansani ◽  
Luciano Alves Matias da Silveira ◽  
Aline de Araújo Naves ◽  
Ana Cristina Abdu Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Content ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Difference

Summary Objective: Pulmonary aspiration of the gastric contents is one of the most feared complications in anesthesia. Its prevention depends on preoperative fasting as well as identification of risky patients. A reliable diagnostic tool to assess gastric volume is currently lacking. The aim of this study performed on volunteers was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasonography to identify qualitative and quantitative gastric content. Method: A standardized gastric scanning protocol was applied on 67 healthy volunteers to assess the gastric antrum in four different situations: fasting, after ingesting clear fluid, milk and a solid meal. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the gastric content in the antrum was performed by a blinded sonographer. The antrum was considered either as empty, or containing clear or thick fluid, or solids. Total gastric volume was predicted based on a cross-sectional area of the antrum. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For each type of gastric content, the sonographic characteristics of the antrum and its content were described and illustrated. Sonographic qualitative assessment allowed to distinguish between an empty stomach and one with different kinds of meal. The predicted gastric volume was significantly larger after the consumption of any food source compared to fasting. Conclusion: Bedside sonography can determine the nature of gastric content. It is also possible to estimate the difference between an empty gastric antrum and one that has some food in it. Such information may be useful to estimate the risk of aspiration, particularly in situations when prandial status is unknown or uncertain.

scholarly journals Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus: Identification of a VP3-Containing Ribonucleoprotein Core Structure and Evidence for O-Linked Glycosylation of the Capsid Protein VP2

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 3484-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hjalmarsson ◽  
Eric Carlemalm ◽  
Einar Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

ABSTRACT Virions of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) were completely disintegrated upon dialysis against salt-free buffers. Direct visualization of such preparations by electron microscopy revealed 5.0- to 6.5-nm-thick entangled filaments. By using a specific colloidal gold immunolabeling technique, these structures were shown to contain the viral protein VP3. Isolation by sucrose gradient centrifugation of the filaments, followed by serological analysis, demonstrated that the entire VP3 content of the virion was recovered together with the radiolabeled genomic material forming the unique threadlike ribonucleoprotein complexes. In a sensitive blotting assay, the outer capsid component of IPNV, i.e., the major structural protein VP2, was shown to specifically bind lectins recognizing sugar moieties of N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose, and fucose. Three established metabolic inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation did not prevent addition of sugar residues to virions, and enzymatic deglycosylation of isolated virions using N-glycosidase failed to remove sugar residues of VP2 recognized by lectins. However, gentle alkaline β elimination clearly reduced the ability of lectins to recognize VP2. These results suggest that the glycosylation of VP2 is of the O-linked type when IPNV is propagated in RTG-2 cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document