scholarly journals Theta Oscillations Organize Spiking Activity in Higher-Order Visual Thalamus during Sustained Attention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiu Yu ◽  
Iain M. Stitt ◽  
Yuhui Li ◽  
Zhe Charles Zhou ◽  
Kristin K. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Visual Thalamus ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
On The Road

AbstractHigher-order visual thalamus plays a fundamental but poorly understood role in attention-demanding tasks. To investigate how neuronal dynamics in higher-order visual thalamus are modulated by sustained attention, we performed multichannel electrophysiological recordings in the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP/pulvinar) in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo). We recorded single unit activity and local field potential during the performance of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) that is used in both humans and animals as an assay of sustained attention. We found that half of the units exhibited an increasing firing rate during the delay period before stimulus onset (attention-modulated units). In contrast, the non-attention-modulated units responded to the stimulus, but not during the delay period. Spike-field coherence of only the attention-modulated neurons significantly increased from the start of the delay period until screen touch, predominantly in the theta frequency band. In addition, theta power and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling were elevated throughout the delay period. Our findings suggest that the theta oscillation plays a central role in orchestrating thalamic signaling during sustained attention.SignificanceImpaired sustained attention can be deadly, as illustrated by the number of motor vehicle accidents that are caused by drivers not reacting quickly enough to unexpected events on the road. Understanding how electrical signaling in higher-order visual nuclei, such as the LP/pulvinar, is modulated during tasks that require sustained attention is an important step in achieving a mechanistic understanding of sustained attention, which will eventually lead to new strategies to prevent and treat impairment in sustained attention.

scholarly journals Theta Oscillations Organize Spiking Activity in Higher-Order Visual Thalamus during Sustained Attention

eNeuro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0384-17.2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiu Yu ◽  
Yuhui Li ◽  
Iain M. Stitt ◽  
Zhe Charles Zhou ◽  
Kristin K. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Visual Thalamus ◽  
Spiking Activity

Speeded Paper-Pencil Sustained Attention and Mental Speed Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krumm ◽  
Lothar Schmidt-Atzert ◽  
Kurt Michalczyk ◽  
Vanessa Danthiir
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Speed Factor ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
Order Factor

Mental speed (MS) and sustained attention (SA) are theoretically distinct constructs. However, tests of MS are very similar to SA tests that use time pressure as an impeding condition. The performance in such tasks largely relies on the participants’ speed of task processing (i.e., how quickly and correctly one can perform the simple cognitive tasks). The present study examined whether SA and MS are empirically the same or different constructs. To this end, 24 paper-pencil and computerized tests were administered to 199 students. SA turned out to be highly related to MS task classes: substitution and perceptual speed. Furthermore, SA showed a very close relationship with the paper-pencil MS factor. The correlation between SA and computerized speed was considerably lower but still high. In a higher-order general speed factor model, SA had the highest loading on the higher-order factor; the higher-order factor explained 88% of SA variance. It is argued that SA (as operationalized with tests using time pressure as an impeding condition) and MS cannot be differentiated, at the level of broad constructs. Implications for neuropsychological assessment and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Active information maintenance in working memory by a sensory cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Yan ◽  
Wenliang Wang ◽  
Hongmei Fan ◽  
Ruiqing Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Anterior Piriform Cortex ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
The Brain

SummaryWorking memory is a critical function of the brain to maintain and manipulate information over delay periods of seconds. Sensory areas have been implicated in working memory; however, it is debated whether the delay-period activity of sensory regions is actively maintaining information or passively reflecting top-down inputs. We hereby examined the anterior piriform cortex, an olfactory cortex, in head-fixed mice performing a series of olfactory working memory tasks. Information maintenance is necessary in these tasks, especially in a dual-task paradigm in which mice are required to perform another distracting task while actively maintaining information during the delay period. Optogenetic suppression of the piriform cortex activity during the delay period impaired performance in all the tasks.Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings revealed that the delay-period activity of the anterior piriform cortex encoded odor information with or without the distracting task.Thus, this sensory cortex is critical for active information maintenance in working memory.

scholarly journals ANALISA CLUSTERING PADA DATA PELANGGARAN LALULINTAS DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DUMAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elisawati Elisawati ◽  
Deasy Wahyuni ◽  
Adi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
District Court ◽  
Central Cluster ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
On The Road

The order of traffic on the road is very important for motorists on the highway, the lack of awareness of motor vehicle users and the poor drivers of traffic discipline make the level of traffic violations in driving on the highway always increase so that the number of ticket data received by the Dumai District Court. This research was conducted to analyze and classify data violations using the k-means method to facilitate knowing the types of violations that are often violated by vehicle users. The attributes to be analyzed are the types of violations and types of vehicles. The test was carried out using the Rapidminer 5 application where the data tested was data from the Dumai District Court on December 2017, as many as 616 violations. Central cluster data consists of 3 clusters, namely C1 = Many, C2 = moderate and C3 = few who commit traffic violations. So the results of the data obtained where C1 produces 1 data, C2 gets as much as 4 data and C3 as many as 7 data. Where the type of violation that is often violated is the type of violation that does not use a helmet and the type of vehicle is a motorcycle. From the results of this study can be used or can be followed up with the holding of socialization to reduce the number of traffic violations. Keywords: Clustering Analysis, K-Means, Traffic Violations, Rapidminer

scholarly journals Development of the "Technical Service" Program for Enterprises Working with the GLONASS System and Containing a Large Vehicle Fleet

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Р.Д. Адакин ◽  
И.М. Соцкая
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Short History ◽  
Service Program ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
On The Road

Представлена разработанная программа «Технический сервис», обменивающаяся информацией с базой данных систем ГЛОНАСС/GPS. Данная программа работает по сети и позволяет оповещать технический персонал, занимающийся обслуживанием, ремонтом и выпуском на линию или в рейс автотранспорта, напоминая ему о времени наступления прохождения технического обслуживания (ТО) для каждой единицы техники предприятия. При этом идёт информирование о количестве заменяемых жидкостей, марок и кодов фильтров, с краткой историей о неисправностях и ДТП техники, а также дублированием всей информации с системы ГЛОНАСС: расход топлива, пробег, скорость, марки и госномера техники. Разработанная программа имеет следующие возможности: хранит список техники с государственными номерами, постоянно обновляя данные о пробегах автотранспорта; хранит для каждой единицы техники необходимую информацию для проведения ТО автотранспорта, краткую историю о крупных неисправностях, проведённых капитальных ремонтах и ДТП автотранспорта. Данную информацию можно распечатать или сохранить на компьютер. Вовремя проведённое ТО является основой и залогом безотказной работы автотранспорта, что сказывается на успешном ведении бизнеса. The developed program "Technical Service" is presented, exchanging information with the database of GLONASS/GPS systems. This program works on the network and allows you to notify technical personnel engaged in service, repair and release on the road or on a motor vehicle trip, reminding them of the time of receipt of maintenance operation (MOT) for each unit of the enterprise equipment. At the same time, there is information about the number of liquids, grades and filter codes to be replaced with a short history of equipment malfunctions and accidents of vehicles, as well as duplication of all information from the GLONASS system: fuel consumption, mileage, speed, brands and license plates of vehicles. The developed program has the following capabilities: stores a list of vehicles with license plates, constantly updating data on vehicle mileage, and stores for each unit of equipment the necessary information for maintenance operation of vehicles, a short history of major malfunctions, major repairs and accidents of vehicles. This information can be printed or saved to a computer. Timely maintenance operation is the basis and key to the failure-free operation of vehicles, which affects the successful conduct of business.

scholarly journals Enhanced LTP of population spikes in the dentate gyrus of mice haploinsufficient for neurobeachin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Muellerleile ◽  
Aline Blistein ◽  
Astrid Rohlmann ◽  
Frederieke Scheiwe ◽  
Markus Missler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Cell Excitability ◽  
Neuronal Protein ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Deletion of the autism candidate molecule neurobeachin (Nbea), a large PH-BEACH-domain containing neuronal protein, has been shown to affect synaptic function by interfering with neurotransmitter receptor targeting and dendritic spine formation. Previous analysis of mice lacking one allele of the Nbea gene identified impaired spatial learning and memory in addition to altered autism-related behaviours. However, no functional data from living heterozygous Nbea mice (Nbea+/−) are available to corroborate the behavioural phenotype. Here, we explored the consequences of Nbea haploinsufficiency on excitation/inhibition balance and synaptic plasticity in the intact hippocampal dentate gyrus of Nbea+/− animals in vivo by electrophysiological recordings. Based on field potential recordings, we show that Nbea+/− mice display enhanced LTP of the granule cell population spike, but no differences in basal synaptic transmission, synapse numbers, short-term plasticity, or network inhibition. These data indicate that Nbea haploinsufficiency causes remarkably specific alterations to granule cell excitability in vivo, which may contribute to the behavioural abnormalities in Nbea+/− mice and to related symptoms in patients.

scholarly journals Neuronal Correlates of Post-Error Slowing in the Rat Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandakumar S. Narayanan ◽  
Mark Laubach
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex

Rats with impaired function in dorsomedial regions of the prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are unable to maintain a behavioral response over a delay period. Here we report that neurons in this cortical region are prominently modulated after errors in a tone-cued, simple reaction time task and that inactivation of dmPFC attenuates a slowing of reaction times that is observed following errors. Using methods for chronic single-unit recording, we found that approximately one-third of dmPFC neurons were modulated after errors, and 28% of these neurons had increased posterror firing that persisted into the delay period of the following trial. In contrast to dmPFC, no such neurons were found in motor cortex. Our results implicate the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in a form of retrospective working memory that improves task performance following errors.

scholarly journals Scoping Review of the Driving Behaviour of and Driver Training Programs for People on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Wilson ◽  
Hoe C. Lee ◽  
Sharmila Vaz ◽  
Priscilla Vindin ◽  
Reinie Cordier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Training

Gaining a driver’s licence represents increased independence and can lead to improved quality of life for individuals and their families. Learning to drive a motor vehicle and maintaining safe on-road skills are often more difficult for people on the autism spectrum. Many countries currently have no autism-specific licencing requirements for learner drivers, and there is a general lack of ASD-specific support and training packages for individuals, their families, and driving instructors. This review synthesises the peer-reviewed literature about the driving characteristics of drivers on the spectrum and driver training available for the cohort. The evidence in this review showed that individuals on the autism spectrum drive differently from their neurotypical counterparts. There are shortcomings in tactical skills of drivers on the autism spectrum, but the extent to which this affects their own safety or the safety of other road users is unclear. Tactical skills can be improved through training programs. There are few autism spectrum-specific learner training programs available. Development of an effective training program will benefit individuals on the spectrum to learn to drive, be independent, and be safe on the road.

scholarly journals Young Driver Crashes with Cyclists: Identifying Training Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narelle Haworth ◽  
Matthew Legge ◽  
Divera Twisk ◽  
Jennifer Bonham ◽  
Tyler O’Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Young Driver ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Training Opportunities

To understand where driver training should focus to contribute to improving the safety of cyclists, this study compared bicycle-motor-vehicle (BMV) crashes involving novice drivers (under 25 years) with those involving experienced drivers in the Australian states of Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. Novice drivers were involved in only a small proportion of BMV crashes and were not over-represented on a per-license basis. For both driver groups, most crashes happened on lower speed roads, at intersections, and during the day. In contrast to expectations, the distribution of types of BMV crashes differed little between experienced and novice drivers. The absence of major differences between experienced and novice drivers may result from learning opportunities being too infrequent in low-volume cycling countries, but this hypothesis needs further testing. A comparison between Queensland and Victoria showed three situations with a higher proportion of young driver crashes: in the evening in both states, Right through-opposing directions (Victoria only), and From footway-maneuvering (Queensland only). These patterns are likely to be indicative of young driver experiences. When their time on the road increases, so does their exposure to risk and to challenging driving conditions (e.g., driving in darkness). On the other hand, these patterns may also point to effects of legislation on young driver crashes, for instance cycling on the sidewalk in Queensland. The results suggest that training for novice drivers needs to supplement a wider strategy to improve cyclist safety (including infrastructure and traffic management improvements) and that training needs to be tailored to state-specific conditions.

scholarly journals Beyond spikes: Multiscale computational analysis of in vivo long-term recordings in the cockroach circadian clock

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Rojas ◽  
Jenny A. Plath ◽  
Julia Gestrich ◽  
Bharath Ananthasubramaniam ◽  
Martin E. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Accessory Medulla ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Wide Range

The circadian clock of the nocturnal Madeira cockroach is located in the accessory medulla, a small nonretinotopic neuropil in the brain’s visual system. The clock comprises about 240 neurons that control rhythms in physiology and behavior such as sleep-wake cycles. The clock neurons contain an abundant number of partly colocalized neuropeptides, among them pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), the insects’ most important circadian coupling signal that controls sleep-wake rhythms. We performed long-term loose-patch clamp recordings under 12:12-hr light-dark cycles in the cockroach clock in vivo. A wide range of timescales, from milliseconds to seconds, were found in spike and field potential patterns. We developed a framework of wavelet transform–based methods to detect these multiscale electrical events. We analyzed frequencies and patterns of events with interesting dynamic features, such as mixed-mode oscillations reminiscent of sharp-wave ripples. Oscillations in the beta/gamma frequency range (20–40 Hz) were observed to rise at dawn, when PDF is released, peaking just before the onset of locomotor activity of the nocturnal cockroach. We expect that in vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with neuropeptide/antagonist applications and behavioral analysis will determine whether specific patterns of electrical activity recorded in the network of the cockroach circadian clock are causally related to neuropeptide-dependent control of behavior.

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