scholarly journals Does a history of sexual and physical childhood abuse contribute to HIV infection risk in adulthood? A study among post-natal women in Harare, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simukai Shamu ◽  
Patience Shamu ◽  
Christina Zarowsky ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
Tamara Shefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
First Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

BackgroundSexual and physical abuse in childhood creates a great health burden including on mental and reproductive health. A possible link between child abuse and HIV infection has increasingly attracted attention. This paper investigated whether a history of child physical and sexual abuse is associated with HIV infection among adult women.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted among 2042 postnatal women (mean age=26y) attending six public primary health care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe within 6 weeks post-delivery. Clinic records were reviewed for mother’s antenatal HIV status. Participants were interviewed about childhood abuse including physical or sexual abuse before 15 years of age, forced first sex before 16, HIV risk factors such as age difference at first sex before age 16. Multivariate analyses assessed the associations between mother’s HIV status and child physical and sexual abuse while controlling for confounding variables.ResultsMore than one in four (26.6%) reported abuse before the age of 15: 14.6% physical abuse and 9.1% sexual abuse,14.3% reported forced first sex and 9.0% first sex before 16 with someone 5+ years older. Fifteen percent of women tested HIV positive during the recent antenatal care visit. In multivariate analysis, childhood physical abuse (aOR 3.30 95%CI 1.58- 6.90), sexual abuse (3.18 95%CI: 1.64-6.19), forced first sex (aOR 1.42, 95%CI: 1.00-2.02), and 5+ years age difference with first sex partner (aOR 1.66 95%CI 1.09-2.53) were independently associated with HIV infection.ConclusionThis study confirms that child physical and/or sexual abuse increases risk for HIV acquisition. Further research is needed to assess the pathways to HIV acquisition from childhood to adulthood. Prevention of child abuse must form part of the HIV prevention agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Bell ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe extent to which exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse increases the risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood is currently unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood taking into account potential confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors.MethodData were from a cohort of 1265 participants studied from birth to 35 years. At ages 18 and 21, cohort members were questioned about childhood sexual and physical abuse. At ages 30 and 35, they were questioned about psychotic experiences (symptoms of abnormal thought and perception). Generalised estimating equation models investigated covariation of the association between abuse exposure and psychotic experiences including potential confounding factors in childhood (socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family functioning) and time-dynamic covariate factors (mental health, substance use and life stress).ResultsData were available for 962 participants; 6.3% had been exposed to severe sexual abuse and 6.4% to severe physical abuse in childhood. After adjustment for confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors, those exposed to severe sexual abuse had rates of abnormal thought and abnormal perception symptoms that were 2.25 and 4.08 times higher, respectively than the ‘no exposure’ group. There were no significant associations between exposure to severe physical abuse and psychotic experiences.ConclusionsFindings indicate that exposure to severe childhood sexual (but not physical) abuse is independently associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood (particularly symptoms of abnormal perception) and this association could not be fully accounted for by confounding or time-dynamic covariate factors.Declaration of interestNone.

Childhood Abuse as a Precursor to Homelessness for Homeless Women With Severe Mental Illness

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Davies-Netzley ◽  
Michael S. Hurlburt ◽  
Richard L. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Previous studies of childhood abuse levels among homeless women have typically focused either on single homeless women or female heads of families; almost none have focused specifically on homeless women with severe mental illness. This study explores rates of childhood physical and sexual abuse among 120 homeless women with severe mental illness. Correlates of experiencing childhood abuse are considered, including mental health outcomes and when women first become homeless. The prevalence of childhood abuse in this sample of women was substantially higher than among homeless women in general. The experience of childhood abuse was related to increased suicidality, and resulted in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for some women. Women who had suffered abuse were also much more likely to become homeless during childhood and it is suggested that this is an important precursor to homelessness for many homeless women with chronic and severe mental illness.

Reported history of physical and sexual abuse and severity of symptomatology in women psychiatric outpatients.

1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Surrey ◽  
Chester Swett ◽  
Alisa Michaels ◽  
Sarah Levin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

When Is a Child’s Forensic Statement Deemed Credible? A Comparison of Physical and Sexual Abuse Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Hershkowitz ◽  
Eran P. Melkman ◽  
Ronit Zur
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse ◽  
Made In

A large national sample of 4,775 reports of child physical and sexual abuse made in Israel in 2014 was analyzed in order to examine whether assessments of credibility would vary according to abuse type, physical or sexual, and whether child and event characteristics contributing to the probability that reports of abuse would be determined as credible would be similar or different in child physical abuse (CPA) and child sexual abuse (CSA) cases. Results revealed that CPA reports were less likely to be viewed as credible (41.9%) compared to CSA reports (56.7%). Multigroup path analysis, however, indicated equivalence in predicting factors. In a unified model for both types of abuse, salient predictors of a credible judgment were older age, lack of a cognitive delay, and the alleged abusive event being a onetime less severe act. Over and beyond the effects of these factors, abuse type significantly contributed to the prediction of credibility judgments.

Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
DAVID M. FERGUSSON ◽  
L. JOHN HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The objectives of the study were to examine linkages between exposure to childhood abuse and interparental violence and the subsequent development of panic attacks and panic disorder using data gathered on a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand young people studied to the age of 21 years.Method. Data on: (a) exposure to child abuse and interparental violence; (b) the development of panic attacks and panic disorder; and (c) other childhood and related factors were gathered over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study.Results. After adjustment for childhood and related factors, exposure to childhood physical abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of later panic attack (OR 2·3, 95% CI 1·1–4·9) and panic disorder (OR 3·0, 95% CI 1·1–7·9); childhood sexual abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of panic attack (OR 4·1, 95% CI 2·3–7·2) and a marginally significant increase risk of panic disorder (OR 2·2; 95% CI 0·98–5·0). Exposure to interparental violence was unrelated to later panic attack or disorder after adjustment.Conclusions. Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse was associated with increased risks of later panic attack/disorder even after adjustment for prospectively assessed confounding factors. However, exposure to interparental violence during childhood was not related to increased risk of later panic attack/disorder after adjustment. These data suggest the need for clinicians to be aware that patients with histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse may be at increased risk for panic during young adulthood.

scholarly journals Clinical history of HIV infection may be misleading in cytopathology

CytoJournal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liron Pantanowitz* ◽  
Michael Kuperman ◽  
Robert A. Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
History Of

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at an increased risk for developing opportunistic infections, reactive conditions and neoplasms. As a result, a broad range of conditions are frequently included in the differential diagnosis of HIV-related lesions. The clinical history of HIV infection may, however, be misleading in some cases. Illustrative cases are presented in which knowledge of a patient's HIV status proved to be misleading and increased the degree of complexity of the cytologic evaluation. Case 1 involved the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a painful 3 cm unilateral neck mass in a 38-year-old female with generalized lymphadenopathy. Her aspirate revealed a spindle cell proliferation devoid of mycobacteria that was immunoreactive for S-100 and macrophage markers (KP-1, PGM1). Multiple noncontributory repeat procedures were performed until a final excision revealed a schwannoma. Case 2 was a CT-guided FNA of a positron emission tomography positive lung mass in a 53-year-old man. The acellular aspirate in this case contained structures resembling fungal spore forms that were negative for mucicarmine and GMS stains, as well as cryptococcal antigen immunocytochemistry. A Von Kossa stain confirmed that these pseudo-fungal structures were calcified debris. Follow up revealed multiple calcified lung and hilar node based granulomata. Case 3 involved the cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid from a 47-year-old man with Kaposi sarcoma and recurrent chylous pleural effusions. Large atypical cells identified in his effusion were concerning for primary effusion lymphoma. Subsequent pleural biopsy revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis, documenting these atypical cells as megakaryocytes. These cases demonstrate that knowledge of a patient's HIV status can be misleading in the evaluation of cytology specimens, with potential for misdiagnosis and/or multiple procedures. To avoid this pitfall in the setting of HIV infection, common entities unrelated to HIV infection and artifacts should always be included in the differential diagnosis.

Impact of a history of physical and sexual abuse in eating disordered and asymptomatic subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Favaro ◽  
R. Dalle Grave ◽  
P. Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Understanding Revictimization Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: An Interpersonal Schema Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylene Cloitre ◽  
Lisa R. Cohen ◽  
Polly Scarvalone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Repetition Compulsion ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interpersonal Schema

Revictimization among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse was investigated within the context of a developmental model of interpersonal schemas. Data from the Interpersonal Schema Questionnaire (ISQ) revealed contrasting schema characteristics among sexually revictimized women (those sexually abused in childhood and sexually assaulted in adulthood) (n = 26), compared to those only abused in childhood (n = 18), and those never abused or assaulted (n = 25). Both revictimized women and never victimized women significantly generalized their predominant parental schemas to current relationships and differed only in the content of the schemas. The generalized parental schema of revictimized women viewed others as hostile and controlling while that of never victimized women viewed others as warm and noncontrolling. Women who had only been abused in childhood held schemas of parents as hostile but not controlling and did not generalize from parental to current schemas. The tendency to generalize observed in the first two groups suggest that “repetition compulsion” is not limited to those who were traumatized and are psychologically distressed. In this article, reasons for the absence of generalization among the childhood abuse only group are explored and implications for the treatment of childhood trauma survivors are discussed.

Physical Abuse, Sexual Victimization, and Illicit Drug Use: Replication of a Structural Analysis Among a New Sample of High-Risk Youths

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dembo ◽  
Linda Williams ◽  
Lawrence La Voie ◽  
Estrellita Berry ◽  
Alan Getreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Mounting evidence of serious adverse consequences of childhood physical and sexual abuse has important implications for public health officials and care providers. Given the potential impact on social policy of this area of inquiry, programmatic research is needed for the validation of theoretical models across populations and over time. This study, based on a sample of high-risk youths, replicates a structural model that specified the influence of child physical and sexual abuse on self-derogation and drug use. Results suggest that for male and female youths, physical abuse and sexual victimization had a direct effect on self-derogation and illicit drug use, and an indirect effect on drug use that was mediated by self-derogation. Moreover, structural coefficients for the model were found to be identical across gender. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the equivalence of the structural model of child physical and sexual abuse on drug use across two study cohorts. Implications for the identification and treatment of youths in high-risk groups are discussed.

Are Patients with a History of Sexual Abuse (SA) or Physical Abuse (PA) Anxious or Difficult to Sedate for Endoscopy?: 2010 Presidential Poster

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. S521
Author(s):  
Olga Aroniadis ◽  
Alissa Mark ◽  
Paul Feuerstadt ◽  
Lawrence Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
History Of
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