scholarly journals Survey of bacteria associated with western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared in different soils

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Aaron C. Ericsson ◽  
Lisa N. Meihls ◽  
Michelle L.J. Gregory ◽  
Deborah L. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Soils

AbstractWestern corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and parts of Europe. With most of its life cycle spent in the soil feeding on maize root tissues, this insect is likely to encounter and interact with a wide range of soil and rhizosphere microbes. Our knowledge of the role of microbes in pest management and plant health remains incomplete. An important component of an effective pest management strategy is to know which microorganisms are present that could play a role in life history or management. For this study, insects were reared in soils from different locations. Insects were sampled at each life stage to determine the possible core bacteriome. Additionally, soil was sampled at each life stage and resulting bacteria were identified to determine the contribution of soil to the rootworm bacteriome, if any. We analyzed the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes with Illumina MiSeq to survey the different species of bacteria associated with the insects and the soils. The bacterial community associated with insects was significantly different from that in the soil. Some differences appear to exist between insects from non-diapausing and diapausing colonies while no significant differences in community composition existed between the insects reared on different soils. Despite differences in the bacteria present in immature stages and in male and female adults, there is a possible core bacteriome of approximately 16 operational taxonomic units (i.e., present across all life stages). This research may give insights into how resistance to Bt develops, improved nutrition in artificial rearing systems, and new management strategies.

scholarly journals Survey of bacteria associated with western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared in different soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Aaron C. Ericsson ◽  
Lisa N. Meihls ◽  
Michelle L. J. Gregory ◽  
Deborah L. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and parts of Europe. With most of its life cycle spent in the soil feeding on maize root tissues, this insect is likely to encounter and interact with a wide range of soil and rhizosphere microbes. Our knowledge of the role of microbes in pest management and plant health remains woefully incomplete, yet that knowledge could play an important role in effective pest management strategies. For this study, insects were reared on maize in soils from different locations. Insects from two different laboratory colonies (a diapausing and a non-diapausing colony) were sampled at each life stage to determine the possible core bacteriome. Additionally, soil was sampled at each life stage and resulting bacteria were identified to determine the possible contribution of soil to the rootworm bacteriome, if any. We analyzed the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes with Illumina MiSeq to survey the different species of bacteria associated with the insects and the soils. The bacterial community associated with insects was significantly different from that in the soil. Some differences appear to exist between insects from non-diapausing and diapausing colonies while no significant differences in community composition existed between the insects reared on different soils. Despite differences in the bacteria present in immature stages and in male and female adults, there is a possible core bacteriome of approximately 16 operational taxonomic units (i.e., present across all life stages). This research may provide insights into Bt resistance development, improved nutrition in artificial rearing systems, and new management strategies.

scholarly journals Differences in the Diversity and Structure of the Gut Microbiome in Different Life Stages of the American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Chen ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Peiyu Ou ◽  
Xiaobao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Relative Abundances

Abstract Gut microbes play critical roles in host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. Periplaneta americana is a famous urban pest which is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics, but very few information is available on the gut microbiome of Periplaneta americana, particularly in its different life stages. Here, we characterized the diversity and structure of gut microbiome in eggs, nymph and adult life stages of Periplaneta americana using high-throughput 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Both the results of Alpha- and Beta-diversity analysis showed the diversity and structure of gut microbiome were significant different among the eggs, nymph and adult stages. The result of species distribution showed the predominant phyla in three life stages were Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes and Proteobacteria , but the relative abundances of these bacteria were significant different among each life stage. 1,169 operational taxonomic units were shared by three stages, which indicating the gut microbiome may be inherited to offspring from parents of Periplaneta americana. According to the prediction of functional genes in metabolic pathways, most of them were distributed in the metabolic pathways of basic physiology such as nutrition, growth, development and immunity, etc. The relative abundances of functional genes in metabolic pathways were significant different among life stages of Periplaneta americana, indicating the gut microbiome might play an important role in the physiology across its different life stages. This study revealed the diversity and structure of gut microbiome in different life stages of Periplaneta americana, which may contribute to us to understand it’s physiology and behaviors.

scholarly journals Parameters for Successful Parental RNAi as An Insect Pest Management Tool in Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vélez ◽  
Elane Fishilevich ◽  
Natalie Matz ◽  
Nicholas Storer ◽  
Kenneth Narva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera

scholarly journals Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) in Europe: Current Status and Sustainable Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Darija Lemić ◽  
Francesca Chiarini ◽  
Lorenzo Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte ◽  
The Eu

Western corn rootworm (WCR), or Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, became a very serious quarantine maize pest in Europe in the mid-1990s. Between 1995 and 2010, European countries were involved in international projects to share information and plan common research for integrated pest management (IPM) implementation. Since 2011, however, common efforts have declined, and an overview of WCR population spread, density, and research is in serious need of update. Therefore, we retained that it was necessary to (1) summarize the research activities carried out in the last 12 years in various countries and the research topics addressed, and analyze how these activities have contributed to IPM for WCR and (2) present the current distribution of WCR in the EU and analyze the current population levels in different European countries, focusing on different management strategies. A review of scientific papers published from 2008 to 2020, in addition to direct interviews with experts in charge of WCR management in a range of European countries, was conducted. Over the past 12 years, scientists in Europe have continued their research activities to investigate various aspects of WCR management by implementing several approaches to WCR control. A considerable amount of new knowledge has been produced, contributing to the development of pest management strategies applicable in EU farming systems. Among the 10 EU countries analyzed, there is no country reporting economic damage on a large scale. Thanks to intensive research leading to specific agricultural practices and the EU Common Agricultural Policy, there are crop-rotation-based solutions that can adequately control this pest avoiding insecticide use.

scholarly journals Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm: Effects of Pest Biology, the Pest–Crop Interaction and the Agricultural Landscape on Resistance

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Aaron Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Resistance Evolution

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is among the most serious pests of maize in the United States. Since 2003, transgenic maize that produces insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used to manage western corn rootworm by killing rootworm larvae, which feed on maize roots. In 2009, the first cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt maize were documented. These cases occurred in Iowa and involved maize that produced Bt toxin Cry3Bb1. Since then, resistance has expanded to include other geographies and additional Bt toxins, with some rootworm populations displaying resistance to all commercially available Bt traits. Factors that contributed to field-evolved resistance likely included non-recessive inheritance of resistance, minimal fitness costs of resistance and limited adult dispersal. Additionally, because maize is the primary agricultural crop on which rootworm larvae can survive, continuous maize cultivation, in particular continuous cultivation of Bt maize, appears to be another key factor facilitating resistance evolution. More diversified management of rootworm larvae, including rotating fields out of maize production and using soil-applied insecticide with non-Bt maize, in addition to planting refuges of non-Bt maize, should help to delay the evolution of resistance to current and future transgenic traits.

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