scholarly journals Long-term impact of intensive postgraduate laboratory training at the Cold Spring Harbor Neurobiology of Drosophila summer course

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ly ◽  
Karla Kaun ◽  
Chi-Hon Lee ◽  
David Stewart ◽  
Stefan R. Pulver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Cold Spring Harbor ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Cold Spring ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts

AbstractIntensive postgraduate courses provide an opportunity for junior and senior level scientists to learn concepts and techniques that will advance their training and research programs. It is commonly assumed that short intensive courses have positive impacts within fields of research; however, these assumptions are rarely tested. Here we describe the framework of a long running postgraduate summer course at Cold Spring Harbor and attempt to quantify the impact made over its history. For over three decades, the Drosophila Neurobiology: Genes, Circuits & Behavior Summer Course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories (CSHL) has provided participants with intense instruction on a wide variety of topics and techniques in integrative neuroscience using Drosophila as a model organism. Students are introduced to the latest approaches for studying nervous system development, activity and connectivity, as well as complex behaviors and diseases. The course has a long history of successful alumni, many of whom describe participation in the course as foundational to their training. Student surveys of recent participants indicate a high level of satisfaction, improved career outcomes, and direct impact on publications. Analysis of student success reveals that over 64% of participants obtain independent faculty positions. Further, we describe ongoing efforts to enhance diversity and encourage access to scientific research at undergraduate-focused institutions. Together, our findings suggest that laboratory-intensive postgraduate courses provide a highly effective mechanism for scientific training that has lasting positive impacts on trainees.

Exogenous Neonatal Erythropoietin Mitigates Brain Damage After a Combination of Prenatal Hypoxic-Ischemia and Lipopolysaccharide Inflammation in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. A353
Author(s):  
Shenandoah Robinson ◽  
Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
System Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemia ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Many infants born very preterm who suffer brain damage most likely experienced a combined insult from intrauterine infection and placental insufficiency. Damage is thought to be synergistic rather than additive but the mechanisms of combined injury remain elusive. A combination of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia has been used in rats to model the dual insult that occurs in human infants prenatally. Erythropoietin, a pleiotrophic cytokine that is essential for central nervous system development, ameliorates brain injury after isolated hypoxic-ischemic or inflammatory insults through different intracellular signaling pathways. We hypothesized that exogenous neonatal EPO administration would lessen the damage of a combined prenatal insult in rats. Methods On embryonic Day 18 fetal rats experienced 60 minutes of transient uterine artery occlusion with or without intracervical LPS administration with sham controls receiving surgery but no occlusion and saline for LPS. Survival was recorded and histological biochemical and functional assays were performed. Means were compared with ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc analysis. Results After a combined insult of HI and 0.15-mg/kg LPS on E18 the survival of pups by postnatal Day 1 (P1) decreased from 77% with HI alone to 22% for LPS plus HI. When exogenous systemic EPO was administered P1–P3 survival to P9 improved markedly from 40% (2 of 5) for saline-treated insult pups to 100% (6 of 6) for EPO-treated. Initial histological analyses show EPO decreases the number of brain activated caspase 3 and activated microglia by P9. Additional analyses will be presented. Conclusion As at least 60% of placentas from infants born pre-term show evidence of chorioamnionitis, assessment of the impact of exogenous EPO on a model of a combination injury is essential prior to proceeding with a clinical trial. Initial results indicate neonatal exogenous EPO mitigates damage from the combined insult.

scholarly journals Neurotrophins as Key Regulators of Cell Metabolism: Implications for Cholesterol Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5692
Author(s):  
Mayra Colardo ◽  
Noemi Martella ◽  
Daniele Pensabene ◽  
Silvia Siteni ◽  
Sabrina Di Bartolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
The Impact

Neurotrophins constitute a family of growth factors initially characterized as predominant mediators of nervous system development, neuronal survival, regeneration and plasticity. Their biological activity is promoted by the binding of two different types of receptors, leading to the generation of multiple and variegated signaling cascades in the target cells. Increasing evidence indicates that neurotrophins are also emerging as crucial regulators of metabolic processes in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In this context, it has been reported that neurotrophins affect redox balance, autophagy, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Additionally, the trophic support provided by these secreted factors may involve the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we examine the neurotrophins’ signaling pathways and their effects on metabolism by critically discussing the most up-to-date information. In particular, we gather experimental evidence demonstrating the impact of these growth factors on cholesterol metabolism.

scholarly journals The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans A Model Animal “Made for Microscopy”

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
David H. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
System Development ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Model Animal

The small unassuming nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans is only one millimeter long and lives in the soil munching on bacteria. While many nematode (roundworm) species are parasites with medical or agricultural importance, C. elegans seems to harm no one. Yet, this animal has attained a status in medical science that compares to more complex organisms such as the mouse or fruit fly in its utility for scientific discovery. It has been the subject of thousands of studies dealing with topics as diverse as nutrition, aging, and nervous system development. About 5000 scientists are now pursuing this single species in hundreds of laboratories worldwide. In 2002, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to three of the pioneers in establishing C. elegans as a “model organism“: Sydney Brenner, John Sulston, and H. Robert Horvitz. Why study worms?Sydney Brenner first turned his attention to C. elegans in the 1960's. Working at the Medical Research Council in England, he was looking for a small animal with inexpensive tastes that could be easily cultured in the laboratory.

The impact of knowledge and motivation management on creativity

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Muñoz-Pascual ◽  
Jesús Galende
Keyword(s):  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Employee Creativity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence that two variables related to human resources (HR) have on employee creativity – namely, knowledge management (KM) and motivation management (MM). Design/methodology/approach The linear regression analyses are based on a sample of 306 employees from 11 Spanish companies belonging to three innovative clusters. In addition, “creativity” is considered an antecedent of technological innovation. Findings KM and intrinsic MM are shown to inform creativity, whereas extrinsic MM has no such effect. Practical implications Although this study is based on cross-sectional data, the findings might induce researchers to investigate the effects of other HR variables, such as the types of relations between employees and their long-term impact on creativity. Management should encourage KM and intrinsic MM across employees, as the results indicate that tacit KM, explicit KM and intrinsic MM encourage a positive attitude toward creativity among employees. Originality/value The main contribution is new empirical evidence on the joint influence of aptitudes (KM) and attitudes (MM) on employee creativity. In addition, the study includes a key measure of employee creativity. The evidence reveals the types of KM and MM that encourage or inhibit creative employee behavior. The results show that once employees have reached a medium-high level of extrinsic MM, creativity will be affected solely by intrinsic MM.

scholarly journals Role of Nuclear Receptors in Central Nervous System Development and Associated Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. JEN.S25480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ana Maria ◽  
Moreno-Ramos Oscar Andréas ◽  
Neena B. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) superfamily is composed of a wide range of receptors involved in a myriad of important biological processes, including development, growth, metabolism, and maintenance. Regulation of such wide variety of functions requires a complex system of gene regulation that includes interaction with transcription factors, chromatin-modifying complex, and the proper recognition of ligands. NHRs are able to coordinate the expression of genes in numerous pathways simultaneously. This review focuses on the role of nuclear receptors in the central nervous system and, in particular, their role in regulating the proper development and function of the brain and the eye. In addition, the review highlights the impact of mutations in NHRs on a spectrum of human diseases from autism to retinal degeneration.

First evidence of the presence ofNK2andTlxgenes in bivalve molluscs

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mesías-Gansbiller ◽  
A.J. Pazos ◽  
J.L. Sánchez ◽  
M.L. Pérez-Parallé
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Mesoderm Specification ◽  
High Level

The NK homeobox gene cluster appears to play a primary role in the mesoderm specification and formation and nervous system development of Bilateria. NK2 class genes are transcribed in the developing gut, nervous system, and heart of insects and vertebrates. Tlx genes are involved in a variety of developmental functions such as neurone differentiation. To identify NK box genes in bivalve molluscs, we performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey with degenerate primers on genomic DNA. Three NK box sequences were identified from two bivalve species: one from the clam Venerupis pullastra (Montagu, 1803) called Vpu Tlx and two from the oyster Ostrea edulis L., 1758 called Oed Tlx and Oed Nk2. The alignment of these sequences in the UniProt database reveals a high level of conservation. Phylogenetic analyses by NJ, UPGMA, ME, MP, and ML analyses show the orthology relationships of the Tlx and Nk2 genes with other Tlx and Nk2 genes present in Metazoa genomes. This is the first report of the isolation of NK box genes in bivalve molluscs. Moreover these Tlx and Nk2 genes are the first to prove that Tlx and NK2 gene cognates exist in bivalve molluscs. The presence of these genes in Venerupis and Ostrea suggests that these genes could be conserved in bivalves in general.

scholarly journals Pre- and peri-implantation Zika virus infection impairs fetal development by targeting trophectoderm cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tan ◽  
Lauretta A. Lacko ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Delia Tomoiaga ◽  
Romulo Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) infection results in an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and poor intrauterine growth although the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. Little is known about the impact of ZIKV infection during the earliest stages of pregnancy, at pre- and peri-implantation, because most current ZIKV pregnancy studies have focused on post-implantation stages. Here, we demonstrate that trophectoderm cells of pre-implantation human and mouse embryos can be infected with ZIKV, and propagate virus causing neural progenitor cell death. These findings are corroborated by the dose-dependent nature of ZIKV susceptibility of hESC-derived trophectoderm cells. Single blastocyst RNA-seq reveals key transcriptional changes upon ZIKV infection, including nervous system development, prior to commitment to the neural lineage. The pregnancy rate of mice is >50% lower in pre-implantation infection than infection at E4.5, demonstrating that pre-implantation ZIKV infection leads to miscarriage. Cumulatively, these data elucidate a previously unappreciated association of pre- and peri-implantation ZIKV infection and microcephaly.

scholarly journals Coexpression Network Analysis of miRNA-142 Overexpression in Neuronal Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishwor Thapa ◽  
Howard S. Fox ◽  
Dhundy Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
The Impact

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules, which are differentially expressed in diverse biological processes and are also involved in the regulation of multiple genes. A number of sites in the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of different mRNAs allow complimentary binding for a microRNA, leading to their posttranscriptional regulation. The miRNA-142 is one of the microRNAs overexpressed in neurons that is found to regulateSIRT1andMAOAgenes. Differential analysis of gene expression data, which is focused on identifying up- or downregulated genes, ignores many relationships between genes affected by miRNA-142 overexpression in a cell. Thus, we applied a correlation network model to identify the coexpressed genes and to study the impact of miRNA-142 overexpression on this network. Combining multiple sources of knowledge is useful to infer meaningful relationships in systems biology. We applied coexpression model on the data obtained from wild type and miR-142 overexpression neuronal cells and integrated miRNA seed sequence mapping information to identify genes greatly affected by this overexpression. Larger differences in the enriched networks revealed that the nervous system development related genes such asTEAD2, PLEKHA6, andPOGLUT1were greatly impacted due to miRNA-142 overexpression.

scholarly journals A detailed observational study of maternal and neonatal variables affecting the thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Verma ◽  
G. Naik ◽  
S. Patel ◽  
P. Padhi ◽  
T. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
System Development ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal growth and the central nervous system development. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the key regulatory hormone. Their levels are quite dynamic in the perinatal period and are influenced by multiple factors. These factors should be taken into consideration during newborn screening. This study aimed to observe the impact of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal TSH status. Results Neonatal TSH (nTSH) depicted a positive correlation with parity (p = 0.066) while negative correlation recorded with maternal blood haemoglobin (p = 0.007) among maternal factors. New-born length (p = 0.027) and birth weight (p < 0.001) exhibited a negative correlation with nTSH among neonatal factors. Conclusions This study concludes that among all the maternal and neonatal factors, birth weight shows the most influence on nTSH. However, the effect may be compounded by other factors. As these risk elements rarely occur singly, it is often difficult to find the exposure which confer the risk on children. These factors should be considered while interpreting the result of the screening program.

scholarly journals Retinoic acid-induced SoX3 gene expression in NT2/D1 cells is RXR homodimer-independent

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
Tijana Savic ◽  
Milena Stevanovic ◽  
Gordana Nikcevic
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Retinoid Receptors ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sox3 Gene

The Sox3/SOX3 gene is implicated in the control of nervous system development. We previously demon?strated modulation of human SOX3 gene expression during neural induction of NT2/D1 cells by retinoic acid (RA). Also, we accurately verified RXR retinoid receptors as major mediators of the effect of RA on SOX3 expression, and excluded RARs as its heterodimeric partners in RA-SOX3 signaling. Here we present evidence that activation of the SOX3 gene by RA is not RXR homodimer-dependent. The described line of SOX3 gene expression studies is valuable for future investigation of the impact that this gene has multiple aspects of normal and pathological development.

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