scholarly journals Salinity shock in Jatropha curcas leaves is more pronounced during recovery than during stress time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silva-Santos ◽  
Natália Corte-Real ◽  
Jaqueline Dias-Pereira ◽  
Regina C.B.Q. Figueiredo ◽  
Lauricio Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Salinity Shock ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractTo verify the possible morphological and ultrastructural differences in the Jatropha curcas leaves, in response to high-intensity salt stress, three genotypes were evaluated (CNPAE183, JCAL171 and CNPAE218). In all the genotypes, 750mM NaCl, added to the nutrient solution, was applied to test its salt tolerance. For the analysis, the leaves were collected at three time points: (i) before stress (time 0 hour); (ii) during stress time (time 50 hours); and (iii) in the recovery period (time 914 hours) when the stressed plants recovered and demonstrated measurements of net photosynthetic with values similar to those demonstrated by the control plants. We showed that regardless of the genotype, saline shock caused an increase in the thickness of the mesophyll, and after the removal of NaCl, the thicker mesophyll remained in the JCAL171 and CNPAE218 genotypes, while the values observed in the CNPAE183 genotype were similar to those before stress. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the stomata of CNPAE183 are smaller and have a stomatal index higher than the values demonstrated in JCAL171 and CNPAE218. Therefore, among the genotypes analysed, CNPAE183 demonstrates that it could be considered a promising genotype for future studies of genetic improvement that seek elite genotypes tolerant to salinity.HighlightsThis manuscript present the following highlights:The mesophyll thickness contributes to provide a smaller path for the CO2 to Rubisco J. curcas may reduce mesophyll air spaces as a strategy to mitigate low gas exchange Leaves modulate the expansion of stomata differently than other epidermal cells Smaller stomata with greater pore aperture are more abundant on the abaxial surface CNPAE183 is a candidate for studies in search of elite genotypes tolerant to salinity

The study of proventricular micromorphological characterization of ten Grylloidea species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2906 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
XIAOQIANG LI ◽  
BINGZHONG REN ◽  
YUTING ZOU ◽  
JIAN ZHANG ◽  
YINLIANG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study compares the proventricular morphology, analyzed under optic microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), among ten Grylloidea species. The result showed that the size of proventriculus was of critical value. Internally, the main differences were the number of sclerotized appendix (sa), middle denticles (md) and lateral denticles (ld), and the structure of lateral teeth (lt). In addition, we analyzed the crickets’ feeding habits and note that the the proventriculus possesses highly sclerotized projections which act in the selection of victuals. The morphology of proventriculus is closely related to feeding habits. A clustering analysis of seven features of the proventriculus was constructed. It revealed that the proventriculus had significance for taxonomy and species relationships. Observations on morphological characterization of proventricular morphology will be useful in future studies of the feeding habits and phylogeny of crickets.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of immature stages of Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), an important vector of Leishmaniosis in South America, described by scanning electron microscopy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242163
Author(s):  
Eric Fabrício Marialva ◽  
Nágila F. Secundino ◽  
Fernando F. Fernandes ◽  
Helena R. C. Araújo ◽  
Claudia M. Ríos-Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
South America ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Scanning Electron

We describe the immature stages of Migonemyia migonei, which is the vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America, and a putative vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to refine the description of the structures of the egg, all instar larvae, and the pupa. The eggs have polygonal cells on the egg exochorion, and differences between larval and pupal chaetotaxy have been highlighted. Different sensillary subtypes—trichoidea, basiconica, coelonica and campanoformia—were observed in the larval stages. The results presented herein contribute to the taxonomy of Mg. migonei and may contribute to future studies on the phylogeny of this important vector species.

Therapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzimidazole compound BTP-OH against murine schistosomiasis mansoni

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taman ◽  
B. Mansour ◽  
M.Y. Youssef ◽  
S.M. Alhusseiny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Total Worm Burden ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Because of the increasingly emerging praziquantel resistance, there is a crucial need to develop new anti-schistosomal agents. This work was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a new benzimidazole compound (BTP-OH) in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. A total of 40 Swiss albino female mice were divided into an infected untreated group and three infected treated groups (using praziquantel and BTP-OH). The compound activity was evaluated through parasitological, histopathological and scanning electron microscopy studies. Praziquantel and BTP-OH at both doses significantly reduced male (75%, 42.67% and 61.08%, respectively), female (71.45%, 48.94% and 68.13%, respectively) and total worm burden (75.21%, 42.42% and 62.28%, respectively), as well as tissue egg load in the liver (71.22%, 42.12% and 66.04%, respectively). In oogram, praziquantel significantly increased the percentage of dead eggs (65.89%), while BTP-OH significantly reduced the percentage of immature eggs (30.43% and 19.64%). BTP-OH significantly diminished granuloma count (33.87% and 44.77%) and diameter (39.23% and 49.40%), and caused ultrastructural changes in the tegument of adult schistosomes. This study provides evidence for the schistosomicidal efficacy of BTP-OH. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanisms of action and effects of BTP-OH on other human schistosomes.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Endothelial Injury and Thrombus Formation in WT and VWF Deficient Mice.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3062-3062
Author(s):  
Justin Barr ◽  
Jennifer Barr ◽  
Marielle Meurice ◽  
David Motto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Abstract 3062 Poster Board II-1038 VWF is a large plasma glycoprotein required for normal hemostasis, and performs its function through binding to coagulation Factor VIII, and via interactions with both platelet surface glycoproteins and the activated and/or damaged vascular surface. We have developed a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) protocol to visualize endothelial damage and thrombus formation in wild-type and VWF-deficient mice. Thrombus formation is initiated by ferric chloride, and subsequently at defined time points, the circulation is rapidly flushed and aldehyde fixed. The carotid artery is removed, externally fixed, sectioned (both longitudinally and in cross-section), processed for SEM, and visualized. With this protocol we have obtained high-quality images (exceeding 100,000x) of FeCl3-induced endothelial damage and thrombus formation in C57BL/6 and VWF-deficient mice at baseline, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 300 seconds post-injury (please access http://sites.google.com/site/mottolab/ to view images). Interestingly, we find that FeCl3 induces little, if any, endothelial denudation and collagen exposure at these time points, with the endothelium clearly appearing changed from baseline, but not damaged. Thus, initial platelet adhesion seems to be occurring in the absence of collagen exposure in this model. In wild-type mice, platelets adhere rapidly to the endothelial surface and assume a cross-linked appearance by 90 seconds, with continual inward growth of the thrombus through the 300 second time point. In VWF-deficient mice, platelets also adhere rapidly to the endothelial surface, but in contrast, remain recognizable longer without assuming a highly-activated phenotype. Compared with wild-type, at all time points examined the VWF-deficient thrombus appears smaller with considerably less cross-linking and platelet activation. Interestingly, during the course of these experiments we also have identified what appears to be red blood cells (RBCs) participating in thrombus formation. Similar to platelets, RBCs interact directly with the endothelial surface, and subsequently become elongated in the direction of blood flow. These elongated RBCs are often observed to cluster and bind platelets, with the subsequent formation of large platelet-erythrocyte complexes. Further characterization of these complexes and the role they may play in thrombus formation is currently in progress. Additionally, similar SEM studies are underway with both ADAMTS13-deficient and GPIb alpha-deficient mice, and with mice transiently expressing in vivo biotinylated VWF for visualization of this molecule at high magnification and resolution. These studies should help better define the mechanisms of endothelial activation and thrombus formation as they occur in situ. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Comparative structure of the osmophores in the flowers of Stanhopea graveolens Lindley and Cycnoches chlorochilon Klotzsch (Orchidaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

The genus <i>Tradescantia</i> comprises about 70 species. In Poland <i>Tradescantia x andersoniana</i> is basically grown as an ornamental plant that is recommended for borders and to be planted around garden ponds. The present study investigated flowering as well as the micromorphological and anatomical features of some floral elements of <i>Tradescantia x andersoniana</i> W. Ludw. Rohweder 'Karin'. The macro- and micromorphology of the flowers was examined using stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spiderwort produces flowers with a diameter of 4.6-5 cm, which open early in the morning and close at noon. Non-glandular and glandular hairs grow on the abaxial surface of the calyx and on the apical part of the ovary. The glandular hairs develop a several-celled stalk and a unicellular spherical or elongated head. The staminal filaments produce chain-shaped trichomes. Striate cuticular ornamentation is found on their surface and on the epidermis covering the perianth. The striae on the cells of the stamen hairs run to the two poles of the cell. The pistil develops a wet stigma with unfused unicellular papillae. The cuticle on their surface is smooth, whereas on the style near the stigma it forms dense folds.

scholarly journals Morphological differentiation and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Marta Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure, micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on <i>Dracocephalum moldavicum</i> L. shots were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were distinguished 3 types of non-glandular trichomes, 3 types of glandular trichomes and papillae of the osmophore in the epidermis of the corolla. The highest density of non-glandular and glandular trichomes was found on the abaxial surface of the calyx, on bracts and in the upper part of the stem. Structural variations in the head and stalk of long glandular trichomes were demonstrated. The dimensions of particular types of trichomes are given in the present paper. Differences in the structure of the trichomes of this species are presented, compared to literature data. The micromorphology of particular trichome types is documented in numerous photographs showing the rich ornamentation of the cuticle of non-glandular trichomes.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the proventricular structure in twenty Chinese Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) species

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinliang Wang ◽  
Yuetian Su ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Bingzhong Ren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Herbivorous Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study focuses on the proventriculus and the alimentary canal of twenty Tettigoniidae species among three subfamilies, Tettigoniinae, Phaneropterinae and Conocephalinae. Each part of the alimentary canal and the inner structure of proventriculus were examined under optic microscope and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the length of each part of the alimentary canal and the inner structure of proventriculus were highly associated with feeding habits. Carnivorous species always had a short foregut and long cilia on the base of the sclerotized appendix in proventriculus, whereas herbivorous species always had a longer foregut and a highly sclerotized proventriculus. These results increase understanding of the alimentary canal in Tettigoniidae and will be useful in future studies of their feeding habits.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of flowers and nectaries of Saxifraga stolonifera L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Saxifrages are plants commonly found in all continents. Many of them are adapted to flowering and reproduction under mountainous and rocky conditions. They are pollinated by various groups of insects and have intrastaminal nectaries. The morpho-anatomy of the flowers and nectaries of <em>Saxifraga stolonifera</em> L. was examined using bright-field light and stereoscopic microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. The abaxial surface of the sepals has multicellular glandular trichomes containing anthocyanins in the base cells and polyphenols in the secretory cells of the head, whereas visual attractants in the form of color spots are found on the petals. The nectary gland is located at the apex of the ovary and forms a yellow-orange fleshy half-ring. Nectar is secreted through numerous modified stomata. The glandular parenchyma does not have vascular elements. Moreover, orange-brown polyphenols were observed in the nectary cells.

Micromorphological observations on lemma and palea surface of Bromus (Poaceae) in Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 508 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMANEH MOSAFERI ◽  
MARYAM KESHAVARZI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bromus (Poaceae) includes more than 160 species of mesophytic and xerophytic grasses from temperate regions of the world, of which 39 occur in Iran. The genus is considered taxonomically problematic due to the occurrence of hybridization, variation in ploidy levels, and phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, morphological similarities make species delimitation difficult. It resulted in different taxonomic classifications proposed along the time. Thus, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the species of Bromus, 21 species from six different sections of Bromus occurring in Iran were evaluated micromorphologically. The abaxial surface of the lemma and palea of the lowermost florets were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Twenty-three quantitative and qualitative characters were analysed using PAST software. Lemma characters such as shape of silica cells, cork cells, crown cells, outline of long cell wall, and long cell length, and palea characters such as shape of cork cells, silica cells, and outline of long cell wall were informative among species studied. In UPGMA clustering most species were aggregated according to the previously delimited sections demonstrating the taxonomic value of micromorphological features in the species studied. Two sections Bromus and Genea showed a close relationship whereas two sections Ceratochloa and Pnigma were placed in one cluster close to the cluster including section Boissiera. The only exception was B. japonicus which was resolved within cluster of sect. Genea, not in cluster of sect. Bromus.

Pollen morphology of North American species of Antennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Chmielewski ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa ◽  
B. G. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Small Pollen ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Exine Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The pollen of 90 individuals representing 28 species and subspecies in the genus Antennaria is described through the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. Two morphological groupings separated on the basis of exine morphology are evident from cluster analysis. One group consists of those species and subspecies in which the exine is perforate and the other group consists of those individuals in which the exine is not perforate (perforate-reticulate or striate-perforate-reticulate). These two pollen morphological groups do not correspond with previously defined groupings based on morphology or cytogenetics. Both large (> 19 μm in diameter) and small pollen grains occur in each of the cluster groups. Similarly, both long- (> 2 μm) and short-spined individuals occur in each of the cluster groups. Used in combination, these characters do however exhibit some sectional affinities. Section Alpinae is characterized by pollen grains with long spines. Section Dioicae is characterized by small pollen grains. Section Plantaginifoliae is characterized by large pollen grains with long spines. Species included in sections other than these are not consistent in their pollen morphology. The pollen groups recognized in this preliminary study form a basis for future studies at the geographic or population level.

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