scholarly journals Magnitude of road traffic accident related injuries and fatalities in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teferi Abagaz ◽  
Samson Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Health Agenda

AbstractBackgroundIn many developing countries there is paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiology of road traffic accidents (RTAs). The study determines the rates of injuries and fatalities associated with RTAs in Ethiopia based on the data of a recent national survey.MethodsThe study is based on the secondary data of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about occurrence injuries and accidents including RTAs in the past 12 months among 75,271 members of 16,650 households. Households were selected from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using stratified cluster sampling procedure.ResultsOf the 75,271 household members enumerated, 123 encountered RTAs in the reference period and rate of RTA-related injury was 163 (95% confidence interval (CI): 136-195) per 100,000 population. Of the 123 causalities, 28 were fatal, making the fatality rate 37 (95% CI: 25-54) per 100,000 population. The RTA-related injuries and fatalities per 100,000 motor vehicles were estimated as 21,681 (95% CI: 18,090-25,938) and 4,922 (95% CI: 3325-7183), respectively. Next to accidental falls, RTAs were the second most common form of accidents and injuries accounting for 22.8% of all such incidents. RTAs contributed to 43.8% of all fatalities secondary to accidents and injuries. Among RTA causalities, 21.9% were drivers, 35.0% were passenger vehicle occupants and 36.0% were vulnerable road users including: motorcyclists (21.0%), pedestrians (12.1%) and cyclists (2.9%). Approximately half (47.1%) of the causalities were between 15-29 years of age and 15.3% were either minors younger than 15 years or seniors older than 64 years of age. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of the victims were males.ConclusionRTA-related causalities are extremely high in Ethiopia. Male young adults and vulnerable road users are at increased risk of RTAs. There is a urgent need for bringing road safety to the country’s public health agenda.

scholarly journals Method for Pedestrian Crossing Risk Assessment and Safety Level Determination: the Case Study of Tallinn

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pashkevich ◽  
Anna Krasilnikova ◽  
Dago Antov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
The City ◽  
Traffic Measurements

Pedestrians are a part of vulnerable road users which safety requires a special attention. Official statistics in Estonia from the last decade returns the following numbers: around 30 % of all road traffic accidents in the country were accidents with pedestrians, 32 % of all traffic fatalities were finished with pedestrian death. Pedestrian crossing has the biggest risk level between all kinds of pedestrian facilities, because it includes a direct conflict point between vehicle and pedestrian traffics. The article presents a method to assess risk of pedestrian crossing users and to determine safety level of this road infrastructure element. This approach is based on observation and collection of infrastructural as well as traffic data, which includes: (1) information about each pedestrian crossing facility, its location and state, (2) data about accidents with pedestrians and their features, (3) data from road traffic measurements. The main advantages of the described method are universality and comprehensiveness. The case study was done in Kristiine district of the city Tallinn, which was chosen as the most typical average district of Estonian capital. Results of this study are also presented in the article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4124

scholarly journals Determination of the types of road accidents at roundabouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00059
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rassokha ◽  
Nikolai Nikitin ◽  
Yulia Savina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the prevailing types of accidents at roundabouts. The relationship was revealed between certain types of accidents, the place of their occurrence, and the configuration of the roundabout. The study analyzed 321 accidents at 19 ring intersections. Four predominant crash types were identified: rear-end collision, collision with vulnerable road users, side swipe collision, and entering circulate collision. The greatest number of accidents occurred at the weaving lane and at the entrances and exits of the roundabout. Dividing the ring intersections into separate sections to determine the location of the accident allows drawing conclusions on the nature of road traffic accidents and the impact of the roundabout design on safety.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESELAMATAN LALU LINTAS DI KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Fehbi Darmansyah ◽  
Dwi Prasetyanto
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road User ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Improve Compliance

Abstract Traffic violations are important factors that increase the risk of road accidents. Therefore, targeted and appropriate policy measures to improve compliance with road traffic regulations need to be developed. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of compliance of road users and strategic concepts of law enforcement that are able to improve compliance of road users and traffic safety. Secondary data used in this study were obtained from Polrestabes Bandung. The existing data shows that, in the past 10 years, traffic accidents that occurred in the City of Bandung have claimed the average death toll of 200 people per year. Overall, a single measure of law enforcement has proved insufficient to substantially reduce the risk of accidents in the long run. Law enforcement strategies that combine several policies to improve compliance of road users are generally more efficient. Keywords: traffic safety, traffic accidents, law enforcement, road user compliance  Abstrak Pelanggaran lalu lintas merupakan suatu faktor penting yang meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan di jalan. Karena itu, langkah-langkah kebijakan yang tepat sasaran dan tepat guna untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan lalu lintas jalan perlu dikembangkan. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan pengguna jalan dan konsep strategis penegakan hukum yang mampu meningkatkan kepatuhan pengguna jalan dan keselamatan lalu lintas. Data sekunder yang digunakan pada studi ini diperoleh dari Polrestabes Bandung. Data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di Kota Bandung telah merenggut korban meninggal rata-rata 200 orang per tahun. Secara keseluruhan, ukuran penegakan hukum tunggal terbukti tidak cukup untuk secara substansial mengurangi risiko kecelakaan dalam jangka panjang. Strategi penegakan hukum yang menggabungkan beberapa kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pengguna jalan umumnya lebih efisien. Kata-kata kunci: keselamatan lalu lintas, kecelakaan lalu lintas, penegakan hukum, kepatuhan pengguna jalan

scholarly journals RT Accidents mortality in Italy: a population-based study in Piedmont on Vulnerable Road Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pitidis ◽  
Carlo Mamo ◽  
Marco Dalmasso ◽  
G Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Abstract Background Among the largest Italian Regions, Piedmont (Northern Italy) had in 2017 a crude rate of road traffic accidents (RTA) deaths greater than the national average. RTA injuries remain a leading cause of injury deaths in Italy. Among them in both Piedmont and Italy many victims are vulnerable road users (VRU): pedestrians, cyclists and users of motorcycles or motorpeds. The study was aimed to describe their mechanisms of injury. Methods Observational study of the resident population in Piedmont from 2003 to 2015. Transportation Injuries (ICD-10: V01-V99) were considered, because of their greater comparability rate in bridge coding studies. A number of 5,185 RTA deaths was observed. Role, type of vehicle of the victim and collision were studied. Results Piedmont in 2017 had a RTA mortality rate (6.35 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) greater than Italy (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.29; p < 0.02), 48.4% of the victims were VRU similarly to national data (49.8%). In the period the proportion of VRU on RTA deaths steadily increased from 25.6% in 2003 to 49.1% in 2015, in a significant way (z = 2.79; p = 0.005), because in a context of marked reduction of RTA mortality (-54.5%), the regional trend for VRU shows only a slight decrease (-12,6%). The VRU were: pedestrians (47.0%), motorized two-wheels users (37.4%) and cyclists (15.6%). Among pedestrians 63.9% deaths were caused by collisions with mainly automobiles (82.1%) and heavy vehicles (12.7%). In case of collision the prevalent causes of death were head injuries (41.5%) and multi-trauma (31.8%). Similar patterns were observed for cyclists, while in motorcyclists 56.5% of deaths were due to loss of control or fixed object. Conclusions VRU injuries remain a public health and social concern. Yet despite their extent, this problem is still not adequately considered in public health prevention programs. The observed mechanisms of injury evidence the importance to enhance the protection of VRU in road traffic circulation. Key messages In Italy, vulnerable road users are becoming a major group among road traffic injury deaths, because they not follow the general trend of large decrease of RTA injuries. Largest VRU group are pedestrians such as cyclists they are hit by cars or heavy vehicles with major trauma, in the motorized two-wheels loss of control and collision with fixed object are important.

scholarly journals Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Radoje Vujadinović ◽  
Jelena Šaković Jovanović ◽  
Aljaž Plevnik ◽  
Luka Mladenovič ◽  
Tom Rye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Status Analysis

The paper presents the results of the application of a practical approach for collecting data, which provides a simple, cost efficient, and easily reproducible method that was applied to obtain the necessary data for the status analysis of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) for Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. Important data for the estimation of the existing condition of the traffic system were collected through desk research from the appropriate institutions and organizations. Several surveys and focus group interviews were conducted, in which about 5000 residents of Podgorica participated. In addition to answering questions, residents made numerous suggestions, confirming the correctness of a participatory approach in the new traffic planning paradigm that provides the SUMP with crucial advantages. A manual cordon count of traffic on five bridges for the traffic of the motor vehicles, as well as on two pedestrian-only bridges, was performed by students from the study program Road Traffic, and there are plans to repeat this in the coming years in order to enable more reliable monitoring and evaluation of the obtained data. Contemporary quality management tools such as BYPAD and ParkPAD were also used to assess the status of cycling and parking policy, respectively. It is especially important to emphasize that Podgorica is the first city in the West Balkans, and the fourth city in Europe, in which the ParkPAD tool was applied. A wide range of negative phenomena and trends was identified, like a rapid increase in the number of registered vehicles, an increase in the motorization rate and the number of traffic accidents, increased non-compliance with traffic rules, excessive use of passenger cars and auto-taxi vehicles, insufficient use of unattractive public transport, walking and cycling, etc. Based on the data collected, key challenges in status analysis in Podgorica were identified, which the SUMP should try to overcome.

OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Robbins ◽  
S. Fotios ◽  
J. Uttley ◽  
R. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Ambient Light Level ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.

Alcohol and Fatal Road Traffic Accidents

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rufus Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Age And Sex

An analysis of 208 cases of immediate death in a road traffic accident in which the blood alcohol was estimated, showed a definite characteristic distribution of varying blood alcohol levels in the various types of road users of differing age and sex.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic law enforcement on road accident fatalities in Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Law ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Botswana has one of the highest rates of increase in road traffic accidents and fatalities in the world. The amendment of road laws came with stricter penalties for road offences which included higher fines and longer jail terms. This study uses multiple regression analysis subjecting variables to backward stepwise regression with a view to assessing the impact traffic law enforcement has had on fatalities in Botswana after the review of the Traffic Act of Botswana in 2008. The study uses secondary data and interview data obtained from law enforcers. The findings reveal that the enforcement of the new road laws has achieved little in the reduction of fatalities. Increasing the minimum driver licensing age may be a panacea to road accidents. Licensed drivers in the age group 30 to 45 years have the lowest rate of fatalities. The study questions the ability of punitive policies (i.e. road fines) to reduce fatalities. It offers that driver behaviour should be studied to come up with relevant policies.

scholarly journals ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGNS TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FOR YOUNG ROAD USERS

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Widodo Budi Dermawan ◽  
Dewi Nusraningrum
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Data

Every year we lose many young road users in road traffic accidents. Based on traffic accident data issued by the Indonesian National Police in 2017, the number of casualties was highest in the age group 15-19, with 3,496 minor injuries, 400 seriously injured and 535 deaths. This condition is very alarming considering that student as the nation's next generation lose their future due to the accidents. This figure does not include other traffic violations, not having a driver license, not wearing a helmet, driving opposite the direction, those given ticket and verbal reprimand. To reduce traffic accident for young road user, road safety campaigns were organized in many schools in Jakarta. This activity aims to socialize the road safety program to increase road safety awareness among young road users/students including the dissemination of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Another purpose of this program is to accompany school administrators to set up a School Safe Zone (ZoSS), a location on particular roads in the school environment that are time-based speed zone to set the speed of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to promote the road safety campaigns strategies by considering various campaign tools.

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