scholarly journals Introducing THOR, a model microbiome for genetic dissection of community behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel L Lozano ◽  
Juan I Bravo ◽  
Manuel F Garavito Diago ◽  
Hyun Bong Park ◽  
Amanda Hurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Flavobacterium Johnsoniae ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Model Community ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Interstrain Competition

The quest to manipulate microbiomes has intensified, but many microbial communities have proven recalcitrant to sustained change. Developing model communities amenable to genetic dissection will underpin successful strategies for shaping microbiomes by advancing understanding of community interactions. We developed a model community with representatives from three dominant rhizosphere taxa: the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. We chose Bacillus cereus as a model rhizosphere Firmicute and characterized twenty other candidates, including hitchhikers that co-isolated with B. cereus from the rhizosphere. Pairwise analysis produced a hierarchical interstrain-competition network. We chose two hitchhikers - Pseudomonas koreensis from the top tier of the competition network and Flavobacterium johnsoniae from the bottom of the network to represent the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, respectively. The model community has several emergent properties - induction of dendritic expansion of B. cereus colonies by either of the other members and production of more robust biofilms by the three members together than individually. Moreover, P. koreensis produces a novel family of alkaloid antibiotics that inhibit growth of F. johnsoniae, and production is inhibited by B. cereus. We designate this community THOR, because the members are the hitchhikers of the rhizosphere. The genetic, genomic, and biochemical tools available for dissection of THOR provide the means to achieve a new level of understanding of microbial community behavior.

scholarly journals Introducing THOR, a Model Microbiome for Genetic Dissection of Community Behavior

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel L. Lozano ◽  
Juan I. Bravo ◽  
Manuel F. Garavito Diago ◽  
Hyun Bong Park ◽  
Amanda Hurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flavobacterium Johnsoniae ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Model Community

ABSTRACTThe quest to manipulate microbiomes has intensified, but many microbial communities have proven to be recalcitrant to sustained change. Developing model communities amenable to genetic dissection will underpin successful strategies for shaping microbiomes by advancing an understanding of community interactions. We developed a model community with representatives from three dominant rhizosphere taxa, theFirmicutes,Proteobacteria, andBacteroidetes. We choseBacillus cereusas a model rhizosphere firmicute and characterized 20 other candidates, including “hitchhikers” that coisolated withB. cereusfrom the rhizosphere. Pairwise analysis produced a hierarchical interstrain-competition network. We chose two hitchhikers,Pseudomonas koreensisfrom the top tier of the competition network andFlavobacterium johnsoniaefrom the bottom of the network, to represent theProteobacteriaandBacteroidetes, respectively. The model community has several emergent properties, induction of dendritic expansion ofB. cereuscolonies by either of the other members, and production of more robust biofilms by the three members together than individually. Moreover,P. koreensisproduces a novel family of alkaloid antibiotics that inhibit growth ofF. johnsoniae, and production is inhibited byB. cereus. We designate this community THOR, because the members arethehitchhikersof therhizosphere. The genetic, genomic, and biochemical tools available for dissection of THOR provide the means to achieve a new level of understanding of microbial community behavior.IMPORTANCEThe manipulation and engineering of microbiomes could lead to improved human health, environmental sustainability, and agricultural productivity. However, microbiomes have proven difficult to alter in predictable ways, and their emergent properties are poorly understood. The history of biology has demonstrated the power of model systems to understand complex problems such as gene expression or development. Therefore, a defined and genetically tractable model community would be useful to dissect microbiome assembly, maintenance, and processes. We have developed a tractable model rhizosphere microbiome, designated THOR, containingPseudomonas koreensis,Flavobacterium johnsoniae, andBacillus cereus, which represent three dominant phyla in the rhizosphere, as well as in soil and the mammalian gut. The model community demonstrates emergent properties, and the members are amenable to genetic dissection. We propose that THOR will be a useful model for investigations of community-level interactions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Education and Local Culture on Community Preparedness in Facing Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rosiady Husaenie Sayuti ◽  
Oryza Pneumatica Inderasari ◽  
Azhari Evendi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Community Preparedness ◽  
Level Of Understanding

This research is motivated by the awareness of the importance of community preparedness against disasters, especially for island communities whose locations are in disaster-prone areas. Maringkik Island, East Lombok Regency was chosen as the research location because the island is included in the southern part of Lombok Island which has the potential for megathrust with earthquakes above 8 SR. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the level of community education in Maringkik Island and its effect on community readiness in dealing with current disasters, (2) the level of understanding of disaster preparedness in the community in patron-client relationships, and (3) the level of disaster preparedness in the local social system of community in Maringkik Island, East Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is mixed methods, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. The data were collected using in-depth interviews and surveys using a questionnaire that had been prepared. The results obtained from this study are that community preparedness in facing disasters is influenced by several factors, namely the level of education and knowledge as well as existing socio-cultural values. In addition, the existing patron-client pattern actually contributes to the community's low understanding of disaster preparedness. Community behavior and preparedness in the event of a disaster are still traditional, instinctive and natural, not based on modern science. Therefore, this study recommends the importance of disaster-specific subjects in schools and routine disaster mitigation-related training from related institutions.

scholarly journals Stories of Change: Comparative Time-Framed Experience Telling in Health Promotion Group Discussions

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Aija Logren ◽  
Johanna Ruusuvuori ◽  
Jaana Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Epistemic Independence

In this article, we examine comparative time-framed experience telling: episodes of interaction in health promotion group discussions in which one of the participants tells their experience and, in response, another participant tells their own experiences from separate moments or periods of their life and compares them. In so doing, group members reinforce and encourage the previous speaker’s positive stance or challenge the negative stance toward contextually relevant objects: behavior change and suggested solutions. This practice allows group members to demonstrate their independent access to experiences that are similar to those of the other, present evidence of similarities and differences between the experiences, and show their epistemic independence regarding their claims. By recontextualizing the experience of the other in this way, it becomes possible for the group members to interpret and even oppose it while maintaining a level of understanding of the differences between the experiences in question and respecting them.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MUTANT STRAINS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI DEFECTIVE IN GAMETIC DIFFERENTIATION

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Ursula W Goodenough ◽  
Carol Hwang ◽  
Howard Martin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
Mating Structure ◽  
Mutant Strains

ABSTRACT Impotent mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardi, mating-type (mt) plus, are described that have normal growth and motility but fail to differentiate into normal gametes. Procedures for their isolation and their genetic analysis are described. Five of the imp strains (imp-2, imp-5, imp-6, imp-7, and imp-8) exhibit no flagellar agglutination when mixed with mt  - or mt  + gametes; these strains have been induced to form rare zygotes with mt  - gametes and the mutations are shown to be unlinked to the mt locus (with the possible exception of imp-7). Two of the strains (imp-3 and imp-4) carry leaky mutations that affect cell fusion; neither mutation is found by tetrad analysis to be linked to mt or to the other. Cells of the imp-1 strain agglutinate well with mt  - gametes and active agglutination continues for up to 48 hours, but cell fusion occurs only very rarely. Analysis of these rare zygotes indicates that imp-1 is closely linked to the mt  + locus, and fine-structural studies reveal that imp-1gametes produce a mutant mating structure involved in zygotic cell fusion. The development of sexuality in C. reinhardi therefore appears amenable to genetic dissection.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Integration of Huge and Complex blaNDM-Carrying Genetic Elements in Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Luo ◽  
Zhe Yin ◽  
Lijun Zeng ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Chromosomal Integration ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Related Element

In this study, a detailed genetic dissection of the huge and complex blaNDM-carrying genetic elements and their related mobile genetic elements was performed in Enterobacteriaceae. An extensive comparison was applied to 12 chromosomal genetic elements, including six sequenced in this study and the other six from GenBank. These 12 genetic elements were divided into five groups: a novel IME Tn6588; two related IMEs Tn6523 (SGI1) and Tn6589; four related ICEs Tn6512 (R391), Tn6575 (ICEPvuChnBC22), Tn6576, and Tn6577; Tn7 and its derivatives Tn6726 and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element; and two related IMEs Tn6591 (GIsul2) and Tn6590. At least 51 resistance genes, involved in resistance to 18 different categories of antibiotics and heavy metals, were found in these 12 genetic elements. Notably, Tn6576 carried another ICE Tn6582. In particular, the six blaNDM-carrying genetic elements Tn6588, Tn6589, Tn6575, Tn6576, Tn6726, and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element contained large accessory multidrug resistance (MDR) regions, each of which had a very complex mosaic structure that comprised intact or residual mobile genetic elements including insertion sequences, unit or composite transposons, integrons, and putative resistance units. Core blaNDM genetic environments manifested as four different Tn125 derivatives and, notably, two or more copies of relevant Tn125 derivatives were found in each of Tn6576, Tn6588, Tn6589, and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element. The huge and complex blaNDM-carrying genetic elements were assembled from complex transposition and homolog recombination. Firstly identified were eight novel mobile elements, including three ICEs Tn6576, Tn6577, and Tn6582, two IMEs, Tn6588 and Tn6589, two composite transposons Tn6580a and Tn6580b, and one integron In1718.

Building Up Modernity?: The Changing Spatial Representations of State Power in a Chinese Socialist “Model Community”

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
WING CHUNG HO
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
State Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
The Future ◽  
Model Community ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThis essay looked into how a group of residents in a Chinese community negotiated with the ideological tropes inscribed in the spatial, which aimed to build up state–people trust on the future course of national development. Under investigation was a slum-turned-socialist-model community called “Cucumber Lane” in two historical junctures in which its spatial settings were radically reorganized. It was argued that the two spatial reorganizations exemplified two major state-led projects of modernity, each of which entailed a specific representation of space that ideologically adumbrated a specific course of national development. It was found that while the residents welcomed the project of modernity launched in the 1960s with enthusiasm, they received the other in the 1990s largely with apathy, and even with mistrust and disbelief.

The problem of 2nd-order sonorities in Xenakis’ electracoustic music

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGOSTINO DI SCIPIO
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Electroacoustic Music ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Sound Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
The Relationship

Working on Analogique B in the late 1950s, Xenakis formulated the ‘hypothesis of a second order sonority’. This paper focuses on this concept, and shows its crucial meaning in the composition of a number of pieces, such as Concret PH, Analogique B and the very recent Gendy3 and S709. The perspective taken is twofold: on one side, the problem of 2nd-order sonorities is seen as a problem in modelling perceptual attributes (or timbre) of sound in terms of ‘emergent properties of organised sound structure’. This is also related to the composer’s pioneering work with granular sound representations and nonstandard methods of sound synthesis. On the other, the issue is discussed in conjunction with Xenakis’ attempt at implementing thoroughly formalised ‘mechanisms’ or ‘systems’ based on the mathematics of stochastic processes. The paper shows that the issue touched on here is essential to the aesthetics of Xenakis’ electroacoustic music. It also questions whether the formalisation of stochastics is a suitable means to let 2nd-order sonorities emerge from the internal life of the sound matter. The limitations of Xenakis’ ‘mechanisms’ are described in terms of their cybernetics, and are situated in the context of artistic and scientific paradigm shifts concerning the relationship between order, disorder and chaos.

scholarly journals Scrutinizing Civil Servants’ Integrity in The Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Netnographic Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ahmad Husni Hamim ◽  
Vidia Ayundhari
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Work At Home ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTIntegrity is one competency that civil servants must have. In this Covid-19 pandemic, civil servants’ integrity becomes an observable focus. The Work from Home (WFH) system may highly change the way how they work at home. The research aims at scrutinizing integrity inferences of civil servants during the pandemic. WhatsApp, as an application used by them to communicate, has become a significant medium to observe the patterns. Netnography method is used to observe civil servants’ community behavior on social media. From the inferences observation, it is discovered that they have demonstrated forms of integrity, such as responsibility and professionalism. The civil servants are also getting more solid, helping, and relying on each other. When conflict occurs, they will retain the right principle. On the other hand, some would balance the situation. Consistency and discipline sensed from how civil servants perceiving all-online-formats. To sum up, performing online duties during Work from Home (WFH) has shown forms of integrity among civil servants. ABSTRAKIntegritas merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki seorang ASN. Dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19, integritas ASN menjadi sebuah fokus yang patut diobservasi. Sistem Work from Home (WFH) mau tidak mau mengubah cara kerja seorang ASN ketika berada di rumah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengamati inferensi integritas ASN selama pandemi. WhatsApp, sebagai aplikasi yang digunakan para ASN untuk berkomunikasi menjadi media yang signifikan dalam mengamati pola-pola integritas tersebut. Metode netnografi digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku komunitas ASN pada media sosial. Dalam pengamatan inferensinya, ditemukan bahwa ASN telah menunjukkan bentuk-bentuk integritas seperti, tanggungjawab dan profesionalisme. Para ASN juga semakin solid, saling membantu, dan mengandalkan satu sama lain. Setiap sebuah konflik terjadi, mereka akan mempertahankan prinsip yang benar. Di sisi lain, ada yang menyeimbangkan situasi. Konsistensi dan kedisiplinan juga terlihat dari bagaimana ASN memandang format serba daring. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas daring menunjukkan berbagai bentuk integritas para ASN.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PAKAN IKAN BAGI PEMUDA DAN PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN ALOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Yulianto Tell ◽  
Zakarias Adrianto Mautuka ◽  
Mando Kolimon ◽  
Dina Lande
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Tingginya harga pakan ikan di pasaran mengakibatkan banyak pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak dapat menyediakan pakan ikan secara berkesinambungan. Kebutuhan pakan ikan selama ini hanya mengandalkan pasokan dari luar melalui bantuan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Alor. Ketika terjadi pembatasan akses akibat pandemi Covid-19 di kabupaten Alor, telah mengakibatkan terhentinya rantai pasokan pakan ikan dari luar. Pada sisi lain, para pembudidaya ikan di kabupaten Alor tidak memiliki pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam memproduksi pakan ikan secara mandiri. Dalam kondisi demikian maka kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat perlu dilaksanakan khususnya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan pembudidaya ikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian yakni pelatihan formulasi pakan ikan melalui FGD dan praktek pembuatan pakan ikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman peserta sebelum mengikuti pelatihan adalah 58,43% meningkat menjadi 79,76% setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perpaduan metode pelatihan dalam bentuk FGD dan praktek kerja memiliki dampak positif dalam peningkatan pemahaman peserta. Secara umum kegiatan pelatihan ini telah meningkatkan pemahaman peserta dengan peningkatan pemahaman sebesar 21,33%. Kata kunci: FGD, Covid-19, Pakan Ikan, Formulasi ABSTRACT The high price of fish feed in the market has resulted in many fish farmers in the Alor district being unable to provide fish feed sustainably. The need for fish feed has so far only relied on supplies from outside through the assistance of the Alor Regency Marine and Fisheries Service. When there was a restriction on access due to the Covid-19 pandemic in the Alor district, it had resulted in the interruption of the supply chain for fish food from outside. On the other hand, fish cultivators in the Alor district do not have the understanding and skills in producing fish feed independently. In such conditions, community service activities need to be carried out in particular to improve the understanding and skills of fish cultivators. The method used in the community service was training in fish feed formulation through FGD and practice of making fish feed. The analysis showed that the participant’s level of understanding before attending the training was 58.43%, increasing to 79.76% after attending the training. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the combination of training methods in the form of FGDs and practical work has a positive impact on increasing participant’s understanding. In general, this training activity has increased participant’s understanding by increasing understanding by 21.33%.    Keywords: FGD, covid-19, Fish Feed, Formulation

scholarly journals Mosquito Biting and Movement Rates as an Emergent Community Property and The Implications for Malarial Interventions

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Roitberg ◽  
Marc Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Information State ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Malaria, a mosquito-vectored disease, continues to be one of the most important scourges afflicting humankind. In this paper, we take a mosquito-centric approach by studying mosquito states (i.e., energy, neurological health, and toxin information state) to demonstrate how key parameters of malaria, biting and movement rates and mosquito survival, are all emergent properties of those states when considered in the context of the background community interactions. We do so as follows: First, we develop a dynamic state variable model of mosquito biting and movement decisions that maximize mosquito expected reproductive success (fitness), and then we embed those optimal policies in a Monte Carlo simulation wherein mosquitoes attempt to feed on human hosts at domiciles where insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) and insecticidal residual wall sprays (IRSs) are used. We find that biting rates, at the domicile level, are not impacted by mosquito state but that emigration rates from domiciles are determined by an interaction between mosquito energy state, information state, and risk of predation. This means that malaria incidence, at the village level at least, may be best understood as a response of mosquitoes to their ecological community that includes nectar-bearing plants, predators, the spatial arrangement of homes, and the protection of humans in those homes.

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