The Salivary Microbiome: Analysis of by Pyrosequencing and the Relationship with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Backgrounds: There have been reports of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the oral cavity and it has been suggested that the oral cavity may be a reservoir for H. pylori reflux from the stomach. Objectives: High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to assess the structure and composition of oral microbiota communities in individuals with or without confirmed H. pylori infection. Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 34 H. pylori infected and 24 H. pylori uninfected subjects. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and examined by pyrosequencing by amplification of the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions followed by bioinformatics analysis. Saliva sampling was repeated from 22 of the 34 H. pylori infected subjects 2 months after H. pylori eradication. Results: High-quality sequences (2,812,659) clustered into 95,812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% identity), representing 440 independent species belonging to 138 genera, 68 families, 36 orders, 21 classes, and 11 phyla. Species richness (alpha diversity) of H. pylori infected subjects was similar to that of uninfected subjects. Eradication treatment decreased saliva bacterial diversity. Beta diversity analysis showed that the salivary microbial community structure differed between H. pylori infected and uninfected subjects both before and after H. pylori eradication. Conclusions: Salivary microbiota diversity was similar in H. pylori infected and uninfected individuals. Antibiotic therapy was associated with a decline in salivary bacterial diversity. Both H. pylori infection and its eradication caused the oral microbiota alterations in community and structure. The present of H. pylori in oral cavity was not related with its infection status in stomach.

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Transition of Bacterial Diversity and Composition in Tongue Microbiota during the First Two Years of Life

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00187-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shinya Kageyama ◽

Mikari Asakawa ◽

Toru Takeshita ◽

Yukari Ihara ◽

Shunsuke Kanno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Composition ◽

Content Type ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

ABSTRACTNewborns are constantly exposed to various microbes from birth; hence, diverse commensal bacteria colonize the oral cavity. However, how or when these bacteria construct a complex and stable ecosystem remains unclear. This prospective cohort study examined the temporal changes in bacterial diversity and composition in tongue microbiota during infancy. We longitudinally collected a total of 464 tongue swab samples from 8 infants (age of <6 months at baseline) for approximately 2 years. We also collected samples from 32 children (aged 0 to 2 years) and 73 adults (aged 20 to 29 years) cross-sectionally as control groups. Bacterial diversities and compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The tongue bacterial diversity in infancy, measured as the number of observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), rapidly increased and nearly reached the same level as that in adults by around 80 weeks. The overall tongue bacterial composition in the transitional phase, 80 to 120 weeks, was more similar to that of adults than to that of the early exponential phase (EEP), 10 to 29 weeks, according to analysis of similarities. Dominant OTUs in the EEP corresponding toStreptococcus perorisandStreptococcus lactariusexponentially decreased immediately after EEP, around 30 to 49 weeks, whereas several OTUs corresponding toGranulicatella adiacens,Actinomyces odontolyticus, andFusobacterium periodonticumreciprocally increased during the same period. These results suggest that a drastic compositional shift of tongue microbiota occurs before the age of 1 year, and then bacterial diversity and overall bacterial composition reach levels comparable to those in adults by the age of 2 years.IMPORTANCEEvaluating the development of oral microbiota during infancy is important for understanding the subsequent colonization of bacterial species and the process of formation of mature microbiota in the oral cavity. We examined tongue microbiota longitudinally collected from 8 infants and found that drastic compositional shifts in tongue microbiota occur before the age of 1 year, and then bacterial diversity and overall bacterial composition reach levels comparable to those in adults by the age of 2 years. These results may be helpful for preventing the development of various diseases associated with oral microbiota throughout life.

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Oral microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis: what do we know and where next?

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02130-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽

Saeid Latifi-Navid

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Potential Method ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Transmission ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

H Pylori ◽

Prevention Methods

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies causing death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is a powerful inducer of precancerous lesions and GC. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and resisting pathogens. It has been proposed that the gastric microbiota of oral origin is involved in the development and progression of GC. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between oral microbiota and GC and the role of H. pylori in this relationship is still controversial. This study was set to review the investigations done on oral microbiota and analyze various lines of evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in GC, to date. Also, we discussed the interaction and relationship between H. pylori and oral microbiota in GC and the current understanding with regard to the underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota in carcinogenesis. More importantly, detecting the patterns of interaction between the oral cavity microbiota and H. pylori may render new clues for the diagnosis or screening of cancer. Integration of oral microbiota and H. pylori might manifest a potential method for the assessment of GC risk. Hence it needs to be specified the patterns of bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the stomach and their interaction. Further evidence on the mechanisms underlying the oral microbiota communities and how they trigger GC may contribute to the identification of new prevention methods for GC. We may then modulate the oral microbiota by intervening with oral-gastric bacterial transmission or controlling certain bacteria in the oral cavity.

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Changes in oral microbiota after the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with hematopoietic tumors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-854887/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michi Omori ◽

Kato-kogoe Nahoko ◽

Shoichi Sakaguchi ◽

Eri Komori ◽

Kazuya Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Chemotherapy Group ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Before And After ◽

Unweighted Unifrac ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract Background Recently, the gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the response and resistance to chemotherapy. Although there is much knowledge about chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut microbiota, chemotherapy-associated changes in the oral microbiota remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in oral microbiota associated with the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with malignant hematopoietic tumors. Methods Oral samples were collected before and 8–20 days after the start of chemotherapy from 50 patients with malignant hematopoietic tumors who were starting chemotherapy for the first time. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from oral samples was performed to compare the oral microbiota before and after the initiation of chemotherapy. Results The richness or evenness of diversity in the ‘after start of chemotherapy’ group decreased significantly, compared with the ‘before start of chemotherapy’ group (alpha-diversity; observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) index, p < 0.001; and Shannon’s index, p < 0.001). The overall salivary microbiota structure between the pre- and post-chemotherapy groups differed significantly (beta-diversity; unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001; and weighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.003). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated an increased abundance of species of certain genera, such as Staphylococcus, and decreased abundance of species of some genera, such as Streptococcus and Neisseria, in the ‘after-chemotherapy’ group, compared with those in the ‘before-chemotherapy’ group. The amounts and trends of change in the oral microbiota before and after the start of chemotherapy differed among the subjects. Of the 25 bacterial genera whose prevalence changed significantly before and after the start of chemotherapy, the proportion of oral commensals such as Streptococcus and Neisseria decreased in many subjects. In contrast, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected only in a few subjects, but their relative abundance increased significantly after the start of chemotherapy. Conclusions The oral microbiota of patients with hematopoietic tumors changed markedly after the initiation of chemotherapy. Our findings are expected to aid the elucidation of the pathogenesis of oral mucositis, which is an adverse event of chemotherapy, and the development of treatment methods for this condition.

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Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nuria Jiménez-Hernández ◽

Sergio Serrano-Villar ◽

Alba Domingo ◽

Xavier Pons ◽

Alejandro Artacho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Hiv Status ◽

T Helper ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by an early depletion of the mucosal associated T helper (CD4+) cells that impair the host immunity and impact the oral and gut microbiomes. Although, the HIV-associated gut microbiota was studied in depth, few works addressed the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV infection and, to our knowledge, no studies on intervention with prebiotics were performed. We studied the effect of a six-week-long prebiotic administration on the salivary microbiota in HIV patients and healthy subjects. Also, the co-occurrence of saliva microorganisms in the fecal bacteria community was explored. We assessed salivary and feces microbiota composition using deep 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing with Illumina methodology. At baseline, the different groups shared the same most abundant genera, but the HIV status had an impact on the saliva microbiota composition and diversity parameters. After the intervention with prebiotics, we found a drastic decrease in alpha diversity parameters, as well as a change of beta diversity, without a clear directionality toward a healthy microbiota. Interestingly, we found a differential response to the prebiotics, depending on the initial microbiota. On the basis of 100% identity clustering, we detected saliva sequences in the feces datasets, suggesting a drag of microorganisms from the upper to the lower gastrointestinal tract.

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Helicobacter pylori colonization and oral health in children

Romanian Journal of Medical Practice ◽

10.37897/rjmp.2017.1.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Vasile Valeriu LUPU ◽

◽

Gabriela PĂDURARU ◽

Anca ADAM ◽

Ana-Maria DĂBULEANU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Health ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Standard Triple Therapy ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium infecting approximately one half of the world’s population. The oral cavity and dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori infection. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children differs from that of adults. Although H. pylori has long been known to be detected in the oral cavity, the significance of such findings are controversial. Oral H. pylori may play an important role in re-infection of the gastric mucosa. The gold standard for eradicating H. pylori infection is standard triple therapy. The studies have shown promising results in the management of both oral and gastric H. pylori.

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Prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori vacAGenotypes andcagAGene in Dental Plaque of Asymptomatic Mexican Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4923640 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alejandra Mendoza-Cantú ◽

Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca ◽

Cynthia Sofía Urbina-Ríos ◽

Myriam Angélica De la Garza-Ramos ◽

Martha Elena García-Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Oral Infection ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mexican Children ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽

H Pylori

The variability inHelicobacter pylori vacAandcagAgenes has been related to the progression of the gastrointestinal disease; also the presence ofH. pyloriin the oral cavity has been associated with periodontal disease in adults, but, in children without dyspeptic symptoms, little is known about this. We evaluated the prevalence ofH. pyloriand the presence ofvacA/cagAgenotypes in the oral cavity of Mexican children without dyspeptic symptoms. The gingival status was measured, and dental plaque samples (n=100) were taken. 38% of children were positive forH. pylori16S rRNA gene by qPCR. A significant association betweenH. pylorioral infection and gingival status was observed (P<0.001). In 34.6% (9/26) of mild gingivitis cases,s1m2genotype was found, whiles1m1was typed in 50% (3/6) of moderate gingivitis. ThecagAprevalence amongH. pylori-positive children was 80.8% (21/26), 83.3% (5/6), and 16.7% (1/6) of cases of mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and nongingivitis, respectively (P<0.001). Thes1m1/cagA+ combinational genotype was the most detected in children with gingivitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence ofH. pyloriand detection ofvacA/cagAgenotypes-associated gastrointestinal disease in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of gingivitis in asymptomatic children.

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The Gastro-protective Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Helicobacter pylori Positive Functional Dyspepsia

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.15171/apb.2019.038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 321-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh Attari ◽

Mohammad Hosein Somi ◽

Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽

Alireza Ostadrahimi ◽

Seyed-Yaghob Moaddab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Functional Dyspepsia ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Complementary Therapy ◽

Positive Functional ◽

Before And After ◽

Rome Iii ◽

Ginger Powder ◽

H Pylori

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication and improvement of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with H. pylori positive functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: During this pilot study 15 patients with H. pylori positive FD received 3 g/d ginger powder as three 1-g tablets for 4-weeks. Dyspepsia symptoms were asked before and after the intervention using a questionnaire based on the Rome III criteria. H. pylori eradication was also assessed by a non-invasive stool antigen (HpSAg) test. Results: Ginger consumption accompanied by significant H. pylori eradication rate of 53.3% (P = 0.019) and the odds ratio (95% CI) was 8 (1.07 to 357.14). Moreover, our results showed significant changes in most of the dyspepsia symptoms after ginger supplementation. Conclusion: According to our findings, Z. officinale can be considered as a useful complementary therapy for FD. However, due to the small number of clinical trials in this area, further welldesigned clinical trials are needed to explicitly talk about its effectiveness especially about the eradication of H. pylori.

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CURCUMIN IN COMBINATION WITH TRIPLE THERAPY REGIMES AMELIORATES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS-ASSOCIATED HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Arezu JUDAKI ◽

Asghar RAHMANI ◽

Jalil FEIZI ◽

Khairollah ASADOLLAHI ◽

Mohammad Reza HAFEZI AHMADI

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Triple Therapy ◽

Chronic Gastritis ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Standard Triple Therapy ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

H Pylori ◽

Triple Regimen

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastric infection is a main cause of inflammatory changes and gastric cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was finding the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress and histological changes in chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups: a standard triple therapy group and triple therapy with curcumin group. Endoscopic and histological examinations were measured for all patients before and after 8 weeks. RESULTS Triple therapy with curcumin treatment group significantly decreased malondialdehyde markers, glutathione peroxides and increased total antioxidant capacity of the gastric mucosa at the end of study compared to baseline and triple regimen groups. In addition, the oxidative damage to DNA was significantly decreased in triple therapy with curcumin group at the end of study compared to baseline and compared to triple therapy (P<0.05 for both). Triple therapy group in combination with Curcumin significantly decreased all active, chronic and endoscopic inflammation scores of patients compared to the baseline and triple therapy group (P<0.05 for both). The eradication rate by triple therapy + curcumin was significantly increased compared to triple therapy alone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin can be a useful supplement to improve chronic inflammation and prevention of carcinogenic changes in patients with chronic gastritis associated by H. pylori.

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Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and dental pulp reservoirs in Japanese adults

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0967-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Komei Iwai ◽

Isao Watanabe ◽

Toshiro Yamamoto ◽

Nagato Kuriyama ◽

Daisuke Matsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Supragingival Plaque ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

H Pylori

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize the stomach and are considered an etiological agent of gastric cancer. The oral cavity is a transmission route to the stomach, but the exact site of colonization has not yet been explicated. Our study investigated the association between H. pylori infection and presence in oral samples. Methods Dental pulp, supragingival plaque, and saliva from 192 patients visiting the Dentistry’s outpatient clinic were collected for testing. The H. pylori ureA gene was identified via Nested PCR. Urine anti-H. pylori antibody test was utilized to detect infection. Results Twenty-five subjects were found to be antibody-positive. PCR analysis of dental pulp revealed that 23 subjects possessed the ureA gene. Twenty-one subjects were positive for both antibodies and genes in dental pulp. PCR testing revealed that 2 subjects were positive in dental plaque but negative for saliva. The subjects positive for H. pylori in dental pulp expressed clinical signs of severe dental caries. Conclusions H. pylori infected subjects expressed H. pylori in samples from the oral cavity. The main reservoir for infection within the oral cavity was determined to be dental pulp. Moreover, H. pylori are likely transmitted from dental caries to the root canal.

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The influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the presence of H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva

Progress in Health Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0009.5016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

DB. Namiot ◽

K. Leszczyńska ◽

A. Namiot ◽

A. Kemona ◽

R. Bucki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Oral Infection ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽

Immunological Method ◽

H Pylori ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity (dental plaque and saliva) of patients undergoing systemic eradication therapy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 49 subjects with H. pylori stomach infection. H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva were evaluated with immunological method. Results: In subjects with initial H. pylori oral infection, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful or unsuccessful H. pylori eradication therapy in the stomach was 47.0% and 50.0%, respectively. In subjects without initial oral infection with H. pylori, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful and unsuccessful eradication therapy in the stomach was 30.0% and 20.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The immunological method detecting H. pylori antigens in the dental plaque and saliva cannot be recommended to evaluate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in the oral cavity.

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