Quantification and selection of ictogenic zones in epilepsy surgery

AbstractNetwork models of brain dynamics provide valuable insight into the healthy functioning of the brain and how this breaks down in disease. A pertinent example is the use of network models to understand seizure generation (ictogenesis) in epilepsy. Recently, computational models have emerged to aid our understanding of seizures and to predict the outcome of surgical perturbations to brain networks. Such approaches provide the opportunity to quantify the effect of removing regions of tissue from brain networks and thereby search for the optimal resection strategy.Here, we use computational models to elucidate how sets of nodes contribute to the ictogenicity of networks. In small networks we fully elucidate the ictogenicity of all possible sets of nodes and demonstrate that the distribution of ictogenicity across sets depends on network topology. However, the full elucidation is a combinatorial problem that becomes intractable for large networks. Therefore, we develop a global optimisation approach to search for minimal sets of nodes that contribute significantly to ictogenesis. We demonstrate the potential applicability of these methods in practice by identifying optimal sets of nodes to resect in networks derived from 20 individuals who underwent resective surgery for epilepsy.

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The Effect of E-Service Quality on Football Fan Satisfaction and Fan Loyalty toward the Websites of Their Favorable Football Teams

International Journal of E-Business Research ◽

10.4018/ijebr.2016010103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 43-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Javad Khazaei Pool ◽

Ali Dehghan ◽

Hadi Balouei Jamkhaneh ◽

Akbar Jaberi ◽

Maryam Sharifkhani

Keyword(s):

Service Quality ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Strong Support ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Electronic Service ◽

Sports Club ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of electronic service quality on fan satisfaction and fan loyalty in the online environment. Selection of three hundred and fifty-six fans of a famous sports club was through random sampling using the club's website. AMOS used structural equation modeling for data analysis. Results provided strong support on the effect of electronic service quality (E-S-QUAL) on fan satisfaction and fan loyalty toward the website of their favorable football teams. Business enterprises have well researched e-service quality and loyalty. However, limited research exists in the sports context. This paper provides valuable insight into the measurement of e-service quality and fan loyalty in the sport and offers a foundation for future marketing research.

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In Pursuit of the Muses. The Life and Work of Justus Lipsius

10.54179/2101 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeanine De Landtsheer

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

English Translation ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Reference Guide ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of

Famed for his ground-breaking philological, philosophical, and antiquarian writings, the Brabant humanist Justus Lipsius (1547-1606) was one of the most renowned classical scholars of the sixteenth century. In this volume, Marijke Crab and Ide François bring together the seminal contributions to Lipsius’s life and scholarship by Jeanine De Landtsheer (1954-2021), who came to be known as one of the greatest Lipsius specialists of her generation. In Pursuit of the Muses considers Lipsius from two complementary angles. The first half presents De Landtsheer’s evocative life of the famous humanist, based on her unrivalled knowledge of his correspondence. Originally published in Dutch, it appears here in English translation for the first time. The second half presents a selection of eight articles by De Landtsheer that together chart a way through Lipsius’s scholarship. This twofold approach offers the reader a valuable insight into Lipsius’s life and work, creating an indispensable reference guide not only to Lipsius himself, but also to the wider humanist world of letters.

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Frequency-based brain networks: From a multiplex framework to a full multilayer description

Network Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/netn_a_00033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 418-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Javier M. Buldú ◽

Mason A. Porter

Keyword(s):

Brain Networks ◽

Network Models ◽

Real Data ◽

Laplacian Matrix ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Multilayer Networks ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Multiplex Network ◽

The Brain

We explore how to study dynamical interactions between brain regions by using functional multilayer networks whose layers represent different frequency bands at which a brain operates. Specifically, we investigate the consequences of considering the brain as (i) a multilayer network, in which all brain regions can interact with each other at different frequency bands; and as (ii) a multiplex network, in which interactions between different frequency bands are allowed only within each brain region and not between them. We study the second-smallest eigenvalue λ2 of the combinatorial supra-Laplacian matrix of both the multiplex and multilayer networks, as λ2 has been used previously as an indicator of network synchronizability and as a biomarker for several brain diseases. We show that the heterogeneity of interlayer edge weights and, especially, the fraction of missing edges crucially modify the value of λ2, and we illustrate our results with both synthetic network models and real data obtained from resting-state magnetoencephalography. Our work highlights the differences between using a multiplex approach and a full multilayer approach when studying frequency-based multilayer brain networks.

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Waniyetu Wówapi: Native American Records of Weather and Climate

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/2011bams3146.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthew D. Therrell ◽

Makayla J. Trotter

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Great Plains ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Natural Phenomena ◽

Early American ◽

Important Region ◽

Weather And Climate ◽

Climate Events ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of

Pictographic calendars called waniyetu wówapi or “winter counts” kept by several Great Plains Indian cultures (principally the Sioux or Lakota) preserve a record of events important to these peoples from roughly the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. A number of these memorable events include natural phenomena, such as meteor storms, eclipses, and unusual weather and climate. Examination of a selection of the available winter count records and related interpretive writings indicates that the Lakota and other native plains cultures recorded many instances of unusual weather or climate and associated impacts. An analysis of the winter count records in conjunction with observational and proxy climate records and other historical documentation suggests that the winter counts preserve a unique record of some of the most unusual and severe climate events of the early American period and provide valuable insight into the impacts upon people and their perceptions of such events in the ethnographically important region of the Great Plains.

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Regional selection of the brain size regulating gene CASC5 provides new insight into human brain evolution

Human Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00439-016-1748-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 136 (2) ◽

pp. 193-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lei Shi ◽

Enzhi Hu ◽

Zhenbo Wang ◽

Jiewei Liu ◽

Jin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Size ◽

Brain Evolution ◽

Human Brain Evolution ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of

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In Pursuit of the Muses. The Life and Work of Justus Lipsius

10.54179/21.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeanine De Landtsheer ◽

Marijke Crab ◽

Ide François

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

English Translation ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Reference Guide ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of

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Computational neurostimulation

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832256.013.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ainslie Johnstone ◽

James J. Bonaiuto ◽

Sven Bestmann

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Motor Cortex ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Computational Models ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Small Footprint ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into

Computational neurostimulation is the use of biologically grounded computational models to investigate the mechanism of action of brain stimulation and predict the impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on behavior in health and disease. Computational models are now widespread, and their success is incontrovertible, yet they have left a rather small footprint on the field of TMS. We highlight and discuss recent advances in models of primary motor cortex TMS, the brain region for which most models have been developed. These models provide insight into the putative, but unobservable, mechanisms through which TMS influences physiology, and help predicting the effects of different TMS applications. We discuss how these advances in computational neurostimulation provide opportunities for mechanistically understanding and predicting the impact of TMS on behavior.

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Hermeneutics and Paratext

Cognition and Comprehension in Translational Hermeneutics ◽

10.5840/zeta-cognition202112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 347-373

Author(s):

Mohamed Saki

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Seamus Heaney ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Northern Irish ◽

Canonical Text ◽

The One ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light ◽

Selection Of

This paper sets out to analyse the hermeneutical process of highlighting at work in Seamus Heaney’s preface to his 1999 retranslation of Beowulf. My analysis takes into account the generic identity of the preface by considering it as a textual subgenre where the translator becomes a metatranslator in order to voice herself out of invisibility, engaging thereby in a (self-reflexive) hermeneutical analysis and ‘justification’ by commenting on the selection of the text to be translated and her own translation choices. The analysis is carried out with the help of two concepts elaborated by Gadamer: situatedness and self-understanding. These concepts will help show how the Northern Irish poet fuses different horizons in the process of his retranslation. In this essay, I also take into account the specificity of retranslation as a particular instance of hermeneutical activity. To do so, I focus on how Heaney introduces his own rendering of Beowulf, and on how he explains the translational choices and processes he opted for in order to render this canonical text into contemporary language. I argue that the closely related notions of situatedness and self-understanding can help bring to the fore how Heaney establishes an intrinsic link between his own retranslation choices on the one hand and, on the other, his cultural identity and poetics. Taking into consideration the hermeneutical dimension of this preface, it will be argued, gives us valuable insight into the retranslation project of Seamus Heaney. It will show that he does not seek to impose on Beowulf a transcendental truth or to fix it in a definite retranslation and interpretation. Instead, situatedness and self-understanding help shed light on how he engages creatively with the epic Anglo-Saxon poem: at issue is both how his retranslation is situated and grounded in his own subjectivity, and indeed with respect to his existential questions, as well as in a wider socio-cultural context.

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Task-specific vision models explain task-specific areas of visual cortex

10.1101/402735 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kshitij Dwivedi ◽

Gemma Roig

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Computational Model ◽

Brain Region ◽

Computational Models ◽

Brain Area ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Scene Classification ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into ◽

Better Than

AbstractComputational models such as deep neural networks (DNN) trained for classification are often used to explain responses of the visual cortex. However, not all the areas of the visual cortex are involved in object/scene classification. For instance, scene selective occipital place area (OPA) plays a role in mapping navigational affordances. Therefore, for explaining responses of such task-specific brain area, we investigate if a model that performs a related task can serve as a better computational model than a model that performs an unrelated task. We found that DNN trained on a task (scene-parsing) related to the function (navigational affordances) of a brain region (OPA) explains its responses better than a DNN trained on a task (scene-classification) which is not explicitly related. In a subsequent analysis, we found that the DNNs that showed high correlation with a particular brain region were trained on a task that was consistent with functions of that brain region reported in previous neuroimaging studies. Our results demonstrate that the task is paramount for selecting a computational model of a brain area. Further, explaining the responses of a brain area by a diverse set of tasks has the potential to shed some light on its functions.Author summaryAreas in the human visual cortex are specialized for specific behaviors either due to supervision and interaction with the world or due to evolution. A standard way to gain insight into the function of these brain region is to design experiments related to a particular behavior, and localize the regions showing significant relative activity corresponding to that behavior. In this work, we investigate if we can figure out the function of a brain area in visual cortex using computational vision models. From our results, we find that explaining responses of a brain region using DNNs trained on a diverse set of possible vision tasks can help us gain insights into its function. The consistency of our results using DNNs with the previous neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain region may be specialized for behavior similar to the tasks for which DNNs showed a high correlation with its responses.

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CT-Guided Placement of a Neuromonitoring Suite in Swine for Trauma and Resuscitation Research

Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management ◽

10.26676/jevtm.v5i1.171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Janet Elise Bonin, BS ◽

Hossam Abdou, MD ◽

Joseph Edwards, MD ◽

Neerav Patel, MD ◽

Michael Richmond, BS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Perfusion ◽

Brain Perfusion ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Burr Hole ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Ct Guided ◽

Laser Doppler Flow ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into ◽

Pressure Catheter

Background: This manuscript aims to describe a standardized method for placement of a neuromonitoring suite into the brain of a porcine model using CT guidance for use in trauma and resuscitation research. Methods: A baseline CT allowed for precise planning of the placement of the neuromonitoring suite including measurement of skull thickness at the location of the intended burr hole. After the burr hole was drilled, three neuromonitoring probes (pressure catheter, temperature probe, and laser doppler flow probe) were advanced into the brain parenchyma of the swine. A subsequent CT confirmed appropriate placement of the neuromonitoring suite. Results: Effective placement of the neuromonitoring suite was accomplished successfully and without complication in 6 Yorkshire swine. Mean duration of the procedure was 49.6 minutes ± 6.3. Representative data from one animal includes the following presented as mean ± standard deviation: intracranial pressure of 10 ± 0 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure of 61 ± 1 mmHg, intracranial temperature of 34.8 ± 0 °C, and brain perfusion of 704 ± 13 relative perfusion units. Conclusions: This CT-guided method facilitates placement of a neuromonitoring suite in a safe and reliable manner. The use of a neuromonitoring suite using CT may offer valuable insight into cerebral perfusion in the context of endovascular resuscitation.

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