scholarly journals Can immunosuppressed mice control oral infection by the opportunistic pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia da Costa Moura ◽  
Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva ◽  
Elizabeth Cristina Pérez ◽  
José Guilherme Xavier ◽  
Diva Denelle Spadacci-Morena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

AbstractIntestinal mucosa (IM), or the outer surface of the intestine, serves at the primary site for the interaction of various pathogens that cause infection via the oral route. Thus, IM is crucial for developing an efficient adaptive immune response against pathogenic micro-organisms, thereby preventing their colonization and subsequent infection. In the present study, we investigated the immune response to Encephalitozoon intestinalis-caused infection in the IM and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in C57BL/6 female mice. To mimic an immunosuppressive condition, the mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (Cy). Histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic enteritis at 7 and 14 days-post-infection (dpi) in all infected groups; however, inflammation diminished at 21 and 28 dpi. Cy treatment also led to a higher number of E. intestinalis spores and lesions, which reduced at 28 dpi. In addition, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to be predominant immune cells, with a significant increase in both Th1 and Th2 cytokines at 7 and 14 dpi, as demonstrated by histopathology. In conclusion, Cy treatment reduced GALT (Peyer’s plaques and mesenteric lymph nodes) and peritoneum populations but increased the T-cell population in the intestinal mucosa and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were able to eliminate this opportunistic fungus and reduced the infection.

scholarly journals Intestinal Host-Microbe Interactions under Physiological and Pathological Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Bibiloni ◽  
Eduardo J. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

The intestinal mucosa is unique in that it can be tolerant to the resident, symbiotic microbiota but remaining, at the same time, responsive to and able to fight pathogens. The close interaction between host-symbiotic microbiota at the mucosal level poses important challenges since microbial breaches through the gut barrier can result in the breakdown of gut homeostasis. In this paper, hosts-integrated components that help to preserve intestinal homeostasis including barrier and immune function are discussed. In addition global alterations of the microbiota that can play a role in the initiation of an exaggerated inflammatory response through an abnormal signaling of the innate and adaptive immune response are briefly described.

Double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are part of the adaptive immune response against Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Misme-Aucouturier ◽  
Adel Touahri ◽  
Marjorie Albassier ◽  
Francine Jotereau ◽  
Patrice Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response by Deferasirox in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hana Votavova ◽  
Zuzana Urbanova ◽  
David Kundrat ◽  
Michaela Dostalova Merkerova ◽  
Martin Vostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Multiple Cancer

Deferasirox (DFX) is an oral iron chelator used to reduce iron overload (IO) caused by frequent blood cell transfusions in anemic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. To study the molecular mechanisms by which DFX improves outcome in MDS, we analyzed the global gene expression in untreated MDS patients and those who were given DFX treatment. The gene expression profiles of bone marrow CD34+ cells were assessed by whole-genome microarrays. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined between patients with normal ferritin levels and those with IO to address the effect of excessive iron on cellular pathways. These DEGs were annotated to Gene Ontology terms associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, adaptive immune response and protein folding and were enriched in cancer-related pathways. The deregulation of multiple cancer pathways in iron-overloaded patients suggests that IO is a cofactor favoring the progression of MDS. The DEGs between patients with IO and those treated with DFX were involved predominantly in biological processes related to the immune response and inflammation. These data indicate DFX modulates the immune response mainly via neutrophil-related genes. Suppression of negative regulators of blood cell differentiation essential for cell maturation and upregulation of heme metabolism observed in DFX-treated patients may contribute to the hematopoietic improvement.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Human T cell Epitopes: adaptive immune response against COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Grifoni ◽  
John Sidney ◽  
Randi Vita ◽  
Bjoern Peters ◽  
Shane Crotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals The effect of enteral stimulation on the immune response of the intestinal mucosa and its application in nutritional support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Quiroz-Olguín ◽  
Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán ◽  
Juan G Posadas-Calleja ◽  
María F Padilla-Rubio ◽  
Aurora E Serralde-Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Nutritional Support

scholarly journals IMGT® Biocuration and Comparative Analysis of Bos taurus and Ovis aries TRA/TRD Loci

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Perrine Pégorier ◽  
Morgane Bertignac ◽  
Viviane Nguefack Ngoune ◽  
Géraldine Folch ◽  
Joumana Jabado-Michaloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity, and mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. T cell receptors are the antigen receptors of the adaptive immune response expressed by T cells, which specifically recognize processed antigens, presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH) proteins. T cell receptors (TR) are divided into two groups, αβ and γδ, which express distinct TR containing either α and β, or γ and δ chains, respectively. The TRα locus (TRA) and TRδ locus (TRD) of bovine (Bos taurus) and the sheep (Ovis aries) have recently been described and annotated by IMGT® biocurators. The aim of the present study is to present the results of the biocuration and to compare the genes of the TRA/TRD loci among these ruminant species based on the Homo sapiens repertoire. The comparative analysis shows similarities but also differences, including the fact that these two species have a TRA/TRD locus about three times larger than that of humans and therefore have many more genes which may demonstrate duplications and/or deletions during evolution.

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