scholarly journals Corruption of the Pearson correlation coefficient by measurement error: estimation, bias, and correction under different error models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Saccenti ◽  
Margriet H. W. B. Hendriks ◽  
Age K. Smilde
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement

ABSTRACTCorrelation coefficients are abundantly used in the life sciences. Their use can be limited to simple exploratory analysis or to construct association networks for visualization but they are also basic ingredients for sophisticated multivariate data analysis methods. It is therefore important to have reliable estimates for correlation coefficients. In modern life sciences, comprehensive measurement techniques are used to measure metabolites, proteins, gene-expressions and other types of data. All these measurement techniques have errors. Whereas in the old days, with simple measurements, the errors were also simple, that is not the case anymore. Errors are heterogeneous, non-constant and not independent. This hampers the quality of the estimated correlation coefficients seriously. We will discuss the different types of errors as present in modern comprehensive life science data and show with theory, simulations and real-life data how these affect the correlation coefficients. We will briefly discuss ways to improve the estimation of such coefficients.

Depression and Inflammatory Markers in Veterans With Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110500
Author(s):  
Pamela Newland ◽  
Yelyzaveta Basan ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Gregory Wu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), afflicts over one per thousand people in the United States. The pathology of MS typically involves lesions in several regions, including the brain and spinal cord. The manifestation of MS is variable and carries great potential to negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Evidence that inflammatory markers are related to depression in MS is accumulating. However, there are barriers in precisely identifying the biological mechanisms underlying depression and inflammation. Analysis of cytokines provides one promising approach for understanding the mechanisms that may contribute to MS symptoms. Methods: In this pilot study, we measured salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta (β), and IL-10 in 24 veterans with MS. Descriptive statistics were reported and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between cytokines and depression. Results: The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly negatively associated with depression in veterans with MS (r = −0.47, p = .024). Conclusion: Cytokines may be useful for elucidating biological mechanisms associated with the depression and a measure for nurses caring for veterans with MS.

scholarly journals Correlations Between Clinical Trial Outcomes Based on Symptoms, Functional Impairments, and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents With ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1578-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Coghill ◽  
Alain Joseph ◽  
Vanja Sikirica ◽  
Mark Kosinski ◽  
Caleb Bliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Risk Avoidance

Objective: To assess relationships between treatment-associated changes in measures of ADHD symptoms, functional impairments, and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated post hoc for changes from baseline to endpoint in outcomes of one randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine (osmotic-release methylphenidate reference) and one of guanfacine extended-release (atomoxetine reference). Results: Changes in ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score generally correlated moderately with changes in Child Health and Illness Profile−Child Edition: Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE:PRF) Achievement and Risk Avoidance ( r ≈ .4), but weakly with Resilience, Satisfaction, and Comfort ( r ≈ .2); and moderately with Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale–Parent (WFIRS-P) total score ( r ≈ .5). CHIP-CE:PRF Achievement and Risk Avoidance correlated moderately to strongly with WFIRS-P total score ( r ≈ .6). Conclusion: The ADHD-RS-IV, CHIP-CE:PRF, and WFIRS-P capture distinct but interconnected aspects of treatment response in individuals with ADHD.

Mining Calendar-based Periodic Patterns from Nonbinary Transactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhimli Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Frequent Itemsets ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data

AbstractA large class of problems deals with temporal data. Identifying temporal patterns in these datasets is a natural as well as an important task. In recent times, researchers have reported an algorithm for finding calendar-based periodic pattern in time-stamped data without considering the purchased quantities of the items. However, most of the real-life databases are nonbinary, and therefore, exploring various calendar-based patterns (yearly, monthly, weekly, daily) with their purchased quantities may discover information useful to improve the quality of business decisions. In this article, a technique is proposed to extract calendar-based periodic patterns from nonbinary transactions. In this connection, the concept of certainty factor has been introduced by incorporating transaction frequency for overlapped intervals. Algorithms have been designed to mine frequent itemsets along with intervals and quantity. In addition to that, we have designed an algorithm to find the periodicity of the pattern. The algorithm is tested with real-life data, and the results are given.

scholarly journals 1533P Real-life data from the platform for outcome, quality of life and translational research on pancreatic cancer - PARAGON

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S943
Author(s):  
S-E. Al-Batran ◽  
W. Blau ◽  
R. Liersch ◽  
S. Mahlmann ◽  
A. Lueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Outcome Quality ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Characteristics and Outcomes in an Educational Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. Al-Jewair ◽  
V. Ryan ◽  
S. Warunek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

Background. To assess and correlate orthodontic treatment characteristics and outcomes in an educational setting. Methods. A total of 287 patients were included. Independent chart reviews were conducted to gather demographic and pretreatment diagnostic information. Posttreatment digital records were graded with the ABO C-R Eval and the CCA methods. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine associations between variables. Results. Of the 287 patients, 122 (42.5%) were male and 165 (57.5%) were female. The total average treatment time was 33.87 ± 10.28 months, with a range from 11 to 75 months. The mean ABO C-R Eval score was 29.10 ± 8.59 points. The parameters with the highest scores were buccolingual inclination and occlusal contacts. The mean CCA score was 3.36 ± 2.05 points. The highest scores were recorded for dental esthetics and management of the periodontium. Higher ABO DI scores were weakly correlated with longer treatment times (r = 0.258; p<0.001). ABO C-R Eval scores showed a weakly significant association with treatment duration (r = 0.162; p=0.006), while CCA scores were moderately associated with treatment duration (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Conclusions. As treatment duration increased, the total ABO C-R Eval and CCA scores tended to increase; thus, quality of treatment outcomes decreased. A significant positive correlation was also found with the ABO DI score and treatment duration.

scholarly journals Merging science education, citizen science and general population noise exposure data collection in the battle against noise pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 2996-3007
Author(s):  
Luc Dekoninck ◽  
Wim Van Beggenhout ◽  
Mieke Sterken
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Science Data

Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics in education is commonly referred to as STEM. The last decades illustrate that our society is transferring into an ever accelerating technological environment. In parallel, the general public became an important driving force in collecting citizen science data to trigger legislative pressure and impact on policy makers to accelerate the improvement of their quality of life. That practice is currently extending into the environmental impact of noise related quality of life. This publication suggests to merge those educational STEM goals, citizen science monitoring and the need for population based noise monitoring data for efficient policy support. The presented educational project can be regarded as a proof-of-concept and can be repeated in different schools and classes every year. This approach has the potential to acquire abundant noise monitoring data and provides an unbiased population sampling dataset by design. This population driven involvement allows to assess real-life and long-term noise policy impact and could become a fundamental pillar in achieving the overall societal goal of improving noise related environmental quality of life.

scholarly journals The Use of HSQoL-24 in an Assessment of Quality-of-Life Impairment among Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: First Look at Real-Life Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5446
Author(s):  
Piotr K. Krajewski ◽  
Servando E. Marrón ◽  
Manuel Gomez-Barrera ◽  
Lucía Tomas-Aragones ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte-Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Family House

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with well-documented effects on patients’ quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL of patients with HS via the use of a newly developed questionnaire: Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life-24 (HSQoL-24). This study was performed on a population of 342 HS patients. Their QoL was assessed via the HSQoL-24 questionnaire. The perceived impairment of QoL due to HS in the studied group was considered to be serious (mean HSQoL-24 score: 58.3 ± 21.0 points). Women tended to experience a significantly higher impact from the disease than men (61.6 ± 19.2 points vs. 51.1 ± 23.1 points, p < 0.001). The HS severity had an effect on the perceived QoL, with statistically significant differences being evident between the self-assessed HS severity groups. The level of QoL impairment correlated positively with the number of affected body areas (r = 0.285, p < 0.001) and the duration of the disease (r = 0.173, p = 0.001), while the patients’ age at disease onset correlated negatively with the HSQoL-24 global score (r = −0.182, p = 0.001). Patients living in their family house scored higher than other groups. The least affected were patients who lived alone. The study shows that the HSQoL-24 questionnaire is a reliable, HS-specific tool for measuring the QoL among patients with HS in real-life clinical settings.

scholarly journals Current ERCP practice in Belgium: the BSGIE survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
C Snauwaert ◽  
X Dekoninck ◽  
T Moreels
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Belgian Society ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background and study aims : Data on procedural outcome and quality of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Belgian practice are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess current status of ERCP-performance in Belgium. Methods : National multi-institutional survey (online question-naire) among members of the Belgian Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (BSGIE), conducted in the period June-August 2018. The RIZIV/INAMI provided real-life data on the total number of ERCPs performed in Belgium. Results : Forty-five responders completed the survey (for43 centers performing ERCP), providing information for 8368 ERCPs performed in 45% (43/95) of institutions performing ERCP in Belgium. Fifty-eight percent of centers performed > 100 ERCPs/year and 7% of centers (n=3) performed < 50 ERCPs/year. According to the RIZIV/INAMI data, low case-volume centers are underrepresented in this survey. The most common ERCP-indication was stone extraction (52%). 74% of endoscopists had more than 10 years of experience in performing ERCP. The majority of centers had their own written protocol (84%) for microbiological duodenoscope surveillance. Monitoring of cannulation rate and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was only performed in a minority of centers (30%). The majority of centers (76%) provided verbal informed consent relating to the ERCP-procedure ; a minority also requested a written informed consent (23%). 65% of centers systematically use NSAIDs for PEP-prophylaxis. Conclusion : This is the first survey of ERCP performance in Belgium. There were wide variations in practice. Adherence to key performance measures and measurement and evaluation of ERCP performance in daily practice at center and endoscopist level are not uniformly widespread.

scholarly journals YouTube as a source of information about orthodontic clear aligners

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokay Ustdal ◽  
Ayca Ustdal Guney
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Video Group ◽  
Rich Content

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the content, reliability, and quality of videos about orthodontic clear aligners on YouTube. Materials and Methods Researchers used the Google Trends website to determine that the most frequently used search term for orthodontic clear aligners on the Internet was: “Invisalign.” A search was then conducted on YouTube using the key word “Invisalign.” From the first 140 results, 100 videos were selected for analysis. A 13-point content score was used to classify poor-content and rich-content videos, and the global quality scale (GQS) was used to examine quality of the videos. To evaluate reliability of the information, a five-question scale was used. The Mann-Whitney U-test, χ2 test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical evaluations. Results Of the YouTube videos, 33 were classified as rich content and 67 as poor content. Most videos (73%) were uploaded by laypeople, and most uploaders (71%) were women. The most commonly discussed content was instructions (65%), followed by procedure (57%) and pain (52%). Regarding the GQS, most of the videos were evaluated as moderate quality (51%). Compared with the poor-content video group, the rich-content video group had a significantly higher GQS score (P = .004). There was no significant difference between the poor-content and rich-content groups regarding information reliability (P &gt; .05). Conclusions Video content on YouTube relating to aligner orthodontics was generally insufficient. The quality of videos was moderate, but the reliability of information was generally poor. Specialists should refer patients to reliable sources of information.

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