scholarly journals Damage-related changes in the cerebellum of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou: reactivation of neurogenic niches and astrocytic response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenyia V. Pushchina ◽  
Maryia E. Stukaneva ◽  
Anatoly A. Varaksin
Keyword(s):  
Radial Glia ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Rostral Part

ABSTRACTIn the cerebellum of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou, proliferating BrdU+ and HuCD+ cells and constitutive neurogenic niches were detected in different zones; the largest number of labeled cells were found in the dorsal part of the molecular layer and the dorsal matrix zone (DMZ). Cells labeled with glutamine synthetase (GS) and radial glia were also present in the intact O. masou cerebellum. The most intensive proliferation was detected in the rostral part of cerebellum. This part is assumed to contain active zones of constitutive neurogenesis. After an injury inflicted to the cerebellum, the number of BrdU+ and HuCD+ cells increased significantly. The number of BrdU+ cells after this type of injury was much greater than after a telencephalon trauma. A quantitative analysis revealed that after the cerebellum injury the proliferative activity in the caudal part of CCb is increased compared to that in the control. A reactivation of neurogenic and neuroepithelial niches and their transformation into reactive neurogenic domains, with an increased distribution density of intensely labeled HuCD+ cells of different types, were observed. The increase in the number of HuCD+ differentiated cells in the basal area suggests that the processes of neuronal differentiation are intensified in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou after injury. The number of GS positive cells (GS+) and fibers increased in all the zones of cerebellum. The most intensive astrocytic response was noted in the dorsal part of cerebellum. The data of the enzyme immunoassay confirm the multiple variations in the level of GS after a traumatic injury to cerebellum in O. masou.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9638
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Pushchina ◽  
Maria E. Stukaneva ◽  
Anatoly A. Varaksin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Reparative Neurogenesis ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus Masou

Fish are a convenient model for the study of reparative and post-traumatic processes of central nervous system (CNS) recovery, because the formation of new cells in their CNS continues throughout life. After a traumatic injury to the cerebellum of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, the cell composition of the neurogenic zones containing neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the acute period (two days post-injury) changes. The presence of neuroepithelial (NE) and radial glial (RG) neuronal precursors located in the dorsal, lateral, and basal zones of the cerebellar body was shown by the immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of glutamine synthetase (GS). Progenitors of both types are sources of neurons in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou during constitutive growth, thus, playing an important role in CNS homeostasis and neuronal plasticity during ontogenesis. Precursors with the RG phenotype were found in the same regions of the molecular layer as part of heterogeneous constitutive neurogenic niches. The presence of neuroepithelial and radial glia GS+ cells indicates a certain proportion of embryonic and adult progenitors and, obviously, different contributions of these cells to constitutive and reparative neurogenesis in the acute post-traumatic period. Expression of nestin and vimentin was revealed in neuroepithelial cerebellar progenitors of juvenile O. masou. Patterns of granular expression of these markers were found in neurogenic niches and adjacent areas, which probably indicates the neurotrophic and proneurogenic effects of vimentin and nestin in constitutive and post-traumatic neurogenesis and a high level of constructive metabolism. No expression of vimentin and nestin was detected in the cerebellar RG of juvenile O. masou. Thus, the molecular markers of NSCs/NPCs in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou are as follows: vimentin, nestin, and glutamine synthetase label NE cells in intact animals and in the post-traumatic period, while GS expression is present in the RG of intact animals and decreases in the acute post-traumatic period. A study of distribution of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in the cerebellum of intact young O. masou showed the expression of the marker mainly in type 1 cells, corresponding to NSCs/NCPs for other molecular markers. In the post-traumatic period, the number of CBS+ cells sharply increased, which indicates the involvement of H2S in the post-traumatic response. Induction of CBS in type 3 cells indicates the involvement of H2S in the metabolism of extracellular glutamate in the cerebellum, a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species, and also arrest of the oxidative stress development, a weakening of the toxic effects of glutamate, and a reduction in excitotoxicity. The obtained results allow us to consider H2S as a biologically active substance, the numerous known effects of which can be supplemented by participation in the processes of constitutive neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration.

Comparison of Wound Patterns in Homicide and Dyadic Death

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Betz ◽  
W Eisenmenger
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Extended Suicide ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury

A comparison of patterns of injuries between homicides and cases of dyadic death was performed. In 195 homicides, 139 deceased (71%) showed exclusively one type of trauma (mainly gunshot wounds) whereas two and even three types of trauma were detectable in 45 (23%) and 11 (6%) of the cases, respectively. In contrast, 18 out of 20 victims of dyadic death (90%) showed one type of injury (mainly gunshot wounds) and only two victims showed two types of injury. Even though different methods of killing seem to be unusual in dyadic death, even in cases with more than one victim and evidence of different types of injuries, such features cannot provide reliable information useful for a differentiation between homicide and extended suicide.

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus: Current Knowledge and Focus on Oral Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Gabriele Cervino ◽  
Giovanni Surace ◽  
Rosa De Stefano ◽  
Luigi Laino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Type Of Injury

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.

scholarly journals Difficult iatrogenic bile duct injuries following different types of upper abdominal surgery: report of three cases and review of literature

BMC Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lubikowski ◽  
Bernard Piotuch ◽  
Anna Stadnik ◽  
Marta Przedniczek ◽  
Piotr Remiszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Biliary Leak ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries ◽  
Upper Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Background Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDIs) are mostly associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy but may also occur following gastroduodenal surgery or liver resection. Delayed diagnosis of type of injury with an ongoing biliary leak as well as the management in a non-specialized general surgical units are still the main factors affecting the outcome. Case presentation Herein we present three types of BDIs (Bismuth type I, IV and V) following three different types of upper abdominal surgery, ie. Billroth II gastric resection, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and left hepatectomy. All of them were complex injuries with complete bile duct transections necessitating surgical treatment. All were also very difficult to treat mainly because of a delayed diagnosis of type of injury, associated biliary leak and as a consequence severe inflammatory changes within the liver hilum. The treatment was carried out in our specialist hepatobiliary unit and first focused on infection and inflammation control with adequate biliary drainage. This was followed by a delayed surgical repair with the technique which had to be tailored to the type of injury in each case. Conclusion We emphasize that staged and individualized treatment strategy is often necessary in case of a delayed diagnosis of complex BDIs presenting with a biliary leak, inflammatory intraabdominal changes and infection. Referral of such patients to expert hepatobiliary centres is crucial for the outcome.

Mesencephalic hemisection in the primate

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Fred A. Mettler
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rostral Part

Relatively little information is available about the subacute and chronic condition of hemidecerebrate monkeys. The present communication deals, not with ablations of one-half of the supratentorial neuraxis, but with the effects of four different types of mesencephalic hemisections—cuts above and below the tectum, and cuts passing through the rostral and caudal parts of the magnocellular part of the red nucleus. None of these hemisections produced extensor rigidity on either side of the body. Rigidity, in the sense of resistance to passive movement, was only encountered as a flexor phenomenon. This appeared contralaterally when a high mesencephalic hemisection passed through the rostral part of the red nucleus. Examination of the evidence seems to suggest that in order for such a phenomenon to appear a subthalamically crossing tegmental mechanism needs to be severed in addition to the projection fibers in the pes pedunculi (which ultimately cross in the medulla). The tegmental crossing mechanism seems to exert a flexor inhibitory effect, in contrast to the extensor inhibitory influence which originates in the cortex.

Sports Members' Participation in Assessment of Incidence Rate of Injuries in Five Sports from Records of Hospital-Based Clinical Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma ◽  
Henk Jan Ten Duis
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury

This study is about the incidence rate of sports injuries in five different types of sports, gymnastics, soccer, volleyball, hockey, and basketball, for which 5,154 patients were admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Groningen University Hospital during the period 1990 through 1994. Incidence rate had been computed by membership participation. Basketball had the highest incidence rate (231 injured persons per 10,000 participants), followed by hockey (158 injured persons per 10,000 participants). The highest mean Injury Severity Score, 2.39, was found for gymnastics which had the lowest incidence rate (7 injured persons per 10,000 participants). Gymnastics had the highest percentage (12%) clinically treated patients, whereas basketball had the smallest percentage (2%) of clinically treated patients. The most frequent type of injury was distorsion, except for hockey, in which contusion had the highest percentage of occurrence. For all five types of sports, the majority (about 90%) of the injuries were observed at either the lower or at the upper extremities.

scholarly journals Genesis and characteristics of the soil in A-R stage in forest ecosystems of NP 'Tara'

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Knezevic ◽  
Olivera Kosanin
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Volume Current

Different types of soil in A-R stage formed on limestone and serpentinite in forest ecosystems in NP 'Tara' were researched. Based on the specific effect of limestone on the soil genesis and evolution, two types of calcareous limestone bedrocks were distinguished: dense limestones, and soft, marly limestones. Three subtypes of black earth were studied on dense limestones. They are: organogenic, organo-mineral and brownised soils. One soil type was researched on soft, marly limestones: rendzina, the leached variety. One soil type was researched on serpentinites, within the A-R stage: humus-siliceous soil (ranker), subtype eutric ranker. This paper also presents the evaluation of ecological and productive characteristics of the study soils. If the soil is observed separately, regardless of the tree species growing on it, the soils in A-R stage in NP 'Tara' cannot be evaluated as highly productive. However, in all plant communities on the soils in A-R stage on limestone, the values of average volume, current volume increment, and basal area were high. The unfavourable physical characteristics of the soil in the area of NP 'Tara' are compensated by the effect of humid climate. On the study eutric humus siliceous soils in the area of NP 'Tara', in the natural and artificially established stands of Scots pine and Austrian pine, the ecological and productive value is conditioned by numerous factors and it is mainly limited by unfavourable physical characteristics. Regardless of the unfavourable ecological and productive characteristics of the soil, the natural and artificially established stands of Scots pine and Austrian pine are in the coeno-ecological optimum.

Comparaison de plusieurs types d'unités d'échantillonnage dans la perspective d'un inventaire forestier régional

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lecomte ◽  
J. Hébert ◽  
J. Rondeux
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rectangular Grid ◽  
Area Sampling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Regional Forest

This study has been conducted in order to define the guidelines of a permanent forest inventory methodology that could be applied to heterogenous forests located in the southern part of Belgium. Different types of sampling units generally used in European national inventories have been compared: fixed area sampling units (based upon 3 concentric circles), non fixed-area sampling units (Bitterlich plots using basal area factor of 2 and 4) and sampling units based upon a minimum number of trees (including nearly 15 measurable trees). In true conditions of application 259 sampling points have been selected according to a systematic rectangular grid (1.000 m × 500 m).Taking into account different criteria such as precision, cost and ease of use, the fixed-area sampling unit looks like the most adequate among the four types investigated. Key words: regional forest inventory, sampling units.

scholarly journals DENTOALVEOALR INJURIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1345-1348
Author(s):  
Syed Ghazanfar Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Suneel Kumar Panjabi ◽  
Salman Shams ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Dentoalveolar Trauma ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Dental Injuries ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objectives: To analyze frequency, gender, age distribution, cause of injuryand type of dento alveolar injury among patients at Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad.Setting: This research done in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at Liaquat UniversityHospital Hyderabad. Period: June 2013 to December 2014. Material and Methods: A dataof 114 patients who had been suffered with dentoalveolar trauma was reviewed. Patientshistory including age, gender, etiology of injury, type of injury like (intrusion, extrusion, luxation,subluxation, avulsion, crown fracture, root fracture were analyzed. Results: 36 female patientsand 78 male patients were affected with dentoalveolar trauma. The injury was frequent in agebetween 11-20 years. Mainly etiology of injury was fall in 54 cases followed by RTA in 35 cases.Intrusion of teeth was seen in 51 cases and crown fracture in 29 cases. Conclusion: The resultsof this study illustrate that fall is most common etiology of dentoalveolar trauma in this area.Intrusion of teeth was the most common types of dentoalveolar traumatic injury. Precautionaryeducational programs relating to traumatic dental injuries are required to be held in our countryto reduce the number of such injuries.

scholarly journals The state of the sagittal balance of the injured cervical spine depending on the nature of the damage to the subaxial level

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
O.S. Nekhlopochyn ◽  
V.V. Verbov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
The State ◽  
Sagittal Profile ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background. Three main interrelated principles form the basis for modern surgery of traumatic cervical spine injuries, namely decompression, reconstruction and stabilization. Restoration of the sagittal profile is one of the basic tasks of the reconstructive stage. Currently, there are no clear recommendations for surgical management in traumatic injuries depending on the degree of deformation, and the state of sagittal balance of the injured cervical spine in the preoperative period has practically not been studied. The purpose of the work is to study the state of the sagittal profile and the degree of segmental deformation of the cervical spine following traumatic injury at the subaxial level, to determine the relationship between them and the type of injury. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of X-ray data from 140 patients with subaxial cervical spine traumatic injury who were hospitalized at the Department of Spinal Cord Pathology of the Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine in the period from 2008 to 2018. We calculated indicators of segmental kyphosis and general cervical lordosis and determined the type of damage according to AO Spine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System. Results. We found that the type of the damage affects the degree of segmental deformation (p < 0.001). Type A1, A2 and C injuries show the maximum kyphotic angulation: 13.51° (8.18; 20.07), 21.8° (20.12; 22.96) and 20.01° (17.52; 21.99), respectively. Injuries of type A2 and C statistically significantly differ from other types of lesions. We registered maximum values of deviations from the normal sagittal circuit in patients with injuries types A2 and C: ‒26.77° (‒32.78; ‒20.91) and ‒26.70° (‒36.30; ‒16.77), respectively. The parameters of segmental kyphosis and general cervical lordosis reveal high interdependence (r2 = 0.766, p < 0.001). We found maximum correlation in type A3, A4 and B3 injuries: ‒0.93, ‒0.91 and ‒0.97, respectively (p < 0.001). And types A1 and A2 injuries demonstrated statistically insignificant relationship (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The results show that traumatic injury of the subaxial cervical spine is characterized by a wide range of kyphotic segmental angulation values, which is largely determined by the type of injury. General cervical lordosis tends to flatten in most cases, but the degree of physiological curvature loss correlates with local deformation to some extent.

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