scholarly journals Establishing two principal dimensions of cognitive variation in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Ramanan ◽  
Daniel Roquet ◽  
Zoë-lee Goldberg ◽  
John. R. Hodges ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Individual Level

ABSTRACTLogopenic Progressive Aphasia (LPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterised by sentence repetition and naming difficulties arising from left-lateralised temporoparietal atrophy. Clinical descriptions of LPA largely concentrate on profiling language deficits, however, accumulating evidence points to the presence of cognitive deficits, even on tasks with minimal language demands. Although non-linguistic cognitive deficits in LPA are thought to scale with disease severity, patients at discrete stages of language dysfunction display overlapping cognitive profiles, suggesting individual-level variation in cognitive performance, independent of primary language dysfunction. To address this issue, we used principal component analysis to decompose individual-level variation in cognitive performance in 43 well-characterised LPA patients who underwent multi-domain neuropsychological assessments and structural neuroimaging. The principal component analysis solution revealed the presence of two, statistically independent factors, providing stable and clinically intuitive explanations for the majority of variance in cognitive performance in the syndrome. Factor 1 reflected ‘speech production and verbal memory’ deficits which typify LPA. Systematic variations were also confirmed on a second, orthogonal factor mainly comprising visuospatial and executive processes. Adopting a case-comparison approach, we further demonstrate that pairs of patients with comparable Factor 1 scores, regardless of their severity, diverge considerably on visuo-executive test performance, underscoring the inter-individual variability in cognitive profiles in comparably ‘logopenic’ patients. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that speech production and verbal memory factor scores correlated with left middle frontal gyrus, while visuospatial and executive factor scores were associated with grey matter intensity of right-lateralised temporoparietal, middle frontal regions and their underlying white matter connectivity. Importantly, LPA patients with poorer visuospatial and executive factor scores demonstrated greater right-lateralised temporoparietal and frontal atrophy. Our findings demonstrate the inherent variation in cognitive performance at an individual- and group-level in LPA, suggesting the presence of a genuine co-occurring cognitive impairment that is independent of language function and disease severity.

scholarly journals Establishing two principal dimensions of cognitive variation in logopenic progressive aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Ramanan ◽  
Daniel Roquet ◽  
Zoë-lee Goldberg ◽  
John R Hodges ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterised by sentence repetition and naming difficulties arising from left-lateralised temporoparietal atrophy. Clinical descriptions of LPA largely concentrate on profiling language deficits, however, accumulating evidence points to the presence of cognitive deficits even on tasks with minimal language demands. Although non-linguistic cognitive deficits in LPA are thought to scale with disease severity, patients at discrete stages of language dysfunction display overlapping cognitive profiles, suggesting individual-level variation in cognitive performance, independent of primary language dysfunction. To address this issue, we used principal component analysis to decompose individual-level variation in cognitive performance in 43 well-characterised LPA patients who underwent multi-domain neuropsychological assessments and structural neuroimaging. The principal component analysis solution revealed the presence of two, statistically independent factors, providing stable and clinically intuitive explanations for the majority of variance in cognitive performance in the syndrome. Factor 1 reflected ‘speech production and verbal memory’ deficits which typify LPA. Systematic variations were also confirmed on a second, orthogonal factor mainly comprising visuospatial and executive processes. Adopting a case-comparison approach, we further demonstrate that pairs of patients with comparable Factor 1 scores, regardless of their severity, diverge considerably on visuo-executive test performance, underscoring the inter-individual variability in cognitive profiles in comparably ‘logopenic’ patients. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that speech production and verbal memory factor scores correlated with left middle frontal gyrus, while visuospatial and executive factor scores were associated with grey matter intensity of right-lateralised temporoparietal, middle frontal regions and their underlying white matter connectivity. Importantly, LPA patients with poorer visuospatial and executive factor scores demonstrated greater right-lateralised temporoparietal and frontal atrophy. Our findings demonstrate the inherent variation in cognitive performance at an individual- and group-level in LPA, suggesting the presence of a genuine co-occurring cognitive impairment that is statistically independent of language function and disease severity.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Adaptive Shopping Patterns: An Insight from Indonesian Consumers

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110135
Author(s):  
Arif Hartono ◽  
Asma'i Ishak ◽  
Agus Abdurrahman ◽  
Budi Astuti ◽  
Endy Gunanto Marsasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Manova Analysis

Although existing studies on consumers typology are extensively conducted, insights on consumers typology in adapting their shopping attitude and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unexplored. Current studies on consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic tend to focus on the following themes: panic buying behaviour, consumer spending and consumer consumption. This study explores a typology of adaptive shopping patterns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved a survey of 465 Indonesian consumers. Principal component analysis is used to identify the variables related to adaptive shopping patterns. Cluster analysis of the factor scores obtained on the adaptive shopping attitude and behaviour revealed the typology of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) analysis is used to profile the identified clusters based on attitude, behaviour and demographic characteristics. Results revealed five adaptive shopping patterns with substantial differences among them. This study provides in-depth information about the profile of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns that would help retailers in understanding consumers and choosing their target group. The major contribution of this study is providing segmentation on shopping adaptive patterns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic which presents interesting differences compared with previous studies. This study reveals new insights on shoppers’ adaptive attitude and behaviour as consumers coped with the pandemic.

Characterizing psychosis-relevant phenomena and cognitive function in a unique population with isolated, chronic and very heavy cannabis exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2452-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Cyril D'Souza ◽  
Suhas Ganesh ◽  
Jose Cortes-Briones ◽  
Michael H. Campbell ◽  
Maisha K. Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

AbstractBackgroundThe literature on psychosis-relevant outcomes in cannabis users does not adequately address the confounding effects of other substance use/misuse and psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe studied a unique population for whom cannabis use is central and necessary to their way of life. They are forbidden from using other substances, including tobacco and alcohol. Their use of cannabis is heavy, chronic, and begins early. The cases were compared with matched controls who did not use cannabis, alcohol, or drugs. The controls were from the same location and shared similar beliefs and lifestyle, except for cannabis use. Attenuated psychosis-relevant phenomena were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and cognitive functioning with a culture-neutral computerized cognitive battery.ResultsFifteen cases and 12 matched controls were studied. The cases averaged >30 000 lifetime cannabis exposures. Relative to controls, the cases had significantly higher mean (s.d.) SPQ scores 24 (14.32) v. 13 (8.92), p = 0.031; and poorer cognitive performance, reflected by a lower mean (s.d.) composite cognitive score −0.23 (0.32) v. +0.28 (0.52), p = 0.03. Moderate to large effect sizes were noted for differences in tests of attention, psychomotor speed, working memory, cognitive flexibility, visuo-spatial processing, and verbal memory. A subsample of cases had higher SPQ scores and worse cognitive performance than their siblings not using cannabis.ConclusionHeavy, chronic, and early cannabis use that is not confounded by other drug use is associated with psychosis-relevant phenomena and cognitive deficits. The findings are relevant to the evolving attitudes and laws about cannabis.

scholarly journals A unified model of post-stroke language deficits including discourse production and their neural correlates

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1541-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem S W Alyahya ◽  
Ajay D Halai ◽  
Paul Conroy ◽  
Matthew A Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Procedural Discourse

Abstract The clinical profiles of individuals with post-stroke aphasia demonstrate considerable variation in the presentation of symptoms. Recent aphasiological studies have attempted to account for this individual variability using a multivariate data-driven approach (principal component analysis) on an extensive neuropsychological and aphasiological battery, to identify fundamental domains of post-stroke aphasia. These domains mainly reflect phonology, semantics and fluency; however, these studies did not account for variability in response to different forms of connected speech, i.e. discourse genres. In the current study, we initially examined differences in the quantity, diversity and informativeness between three different discourse genres, including a simple descriptive genre and two naturalistic forms of connected speech (storytelling narrative, and procedural discourse). Subsequently, we provided the first quantitative investigation on the multidimensionality of connected speech production at both behavioural and neural levels. Connected speech samples across descriptive, narrative, and procedural discourse genres were collected from 46 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia and 20 neurotypical adults. Content analyses conducted on all connected speech samples indicated that performance differed across discourse genres and between groups. Specifically, storytelling narratives provided higher quantities of content words and lexical diversity compared to composite picture description and procedural discourse. The analyses further revealed that, relative to neurotypical adults, patients with aphasia, both fluent and non-fluent, showed reduction in the quantity of verbal production, lexical diversity, and informativeness across all discourses. Given the differences across the discourses, we submitted the connected speech metrics to principal component analysis alongside an extensive neuropsychological/aphasiological battery that assesses a wide range of language and cognitive skills. In contrast to previous research, three unique orthogonal connected speech components were extracted in a unified model, reflecting verbal quantity, verbal quality, and motor speech, alongside four core language and cognitive components: phonological production, semantic processing, phonological recognition, and executive functions. Voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping using these components provided evidence on the involvement of widespread cortical regions and their white matter connections. Specifically, left frontal regions and their underlying white matter tracts corresponding to the frontal aslant tract and the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus were particularly engaged with the quantity and quality of fluent connected speech production while controlling for other co-factors. The neural correlates associated with the other language domains align with existing models on the ventral and dorsal pathways for language processing.

scholarly journals Attitude Towards Zakah on Employment Income : Comparing Outcomes Between Single Score and Multidimensional Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Md Idris ◽  
Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Single Score ◽  
The Relationship

Study on attitude towards regulated social activities have been carried out in many areas (such as tax and zakah payment). However, many of these studies applied a single score of attitude in their analyses. Such a procedure, to some researchers is considered less informative, especially in the study of a complex attitude which has several dimensions. Many researchers have suggested that attitude towards a complex object should be studied by decomposing the object or issue into smaller and less complex elements on the basis of component parts, specific functions, or particular contexts. Thus, this paper offers a comparative study of outcomes between attitude measured by a single summative score and attitude measured by multidimensional factor scores. The object of attitude in this paper is zakah on employment income by eligible Muslim. In the first approach, a total of 24 items of attitude were used to represent the single score of attitude. In the second approach, principal component analysis with varimax ratation was first applied to determine the underlying dimensions of attitude. Each dimension was then named and treated as anew variable, each measured by the factor scores. Both approach were applied separately to an analysis on compliance behavior of zakah on employment income. Results suggest that attitude measured by multidimensionality scores is more informative as compared to the single summative score. Futher, the use of multidimensional scores in multivariate logistic regression improved the goodness of fit of the model over that of the single score of attitude. Thus, this improvement affects the interpretation of the whole model with respect to the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, which is zakah compliance.  

scholarly journals Cognitive functioning and predictors thereof in patients with 1–10 brain metastases selected for stereotactic radiosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wietske C. M. Schimmel ◽  
Karin Gehring ◽  
Patrick E. J. Hanssens ◽  
Margriet M. Sitskoorn
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Purpose Information on predictive factors of cognitive functioning in patients with (multiple) brain metastases (BM) selected for radiosurgery may allow for more individual care and may play a role in predicting cognitive outcome after radiosurgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performance, and predictors thereof, in patients with 1–10 BM before radiosurgery. Methods Cognition was measured before radiosurgery using a standardized neuropsychological test battery in patients with 1–10 BM (expected survival > 3 months; KPS ≥ 70; no prior BM treatment). Regression formulae were constructed to calculate sociodemographically corrected z scores. Group and individual cognitive functioning was analyzed. Multivariable regression was used to explore potential predictors. Results Patients (N = 92) performed significantly worse than controls (N = 104) on all 11 test variables (medium-large effect sizes for 8 variables). Percentages of impairment were highest for information processing (55.3%), dexterity (43.2%) and cognitive flexibility (28.7%). 62% and 46% of patients had impairments in at least two, or three test variables, respectively. Models including combinations of clinical and psychological variables were predictive of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, information processing and dexterity. Neither number nor volume of metastases predicted patients’ test performance. Conclusions Already before radiosurgery, almost half of the patients suffered from severe cognitive deficits in at least three test variables. At group and individual level, information processing, cognitive flexibility, and dexterity were most affected. These cognitive impairments may impair daily functioning and patients’ ability to make (shared) treatment decisions. Both clinical (symptomatic BM; timing of BM diagnosis) and psychological (mental fatigue) characteristics influenced cognitive performance. Clinical trial information Cognition and Radiation Study A (CAR-Study A; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02953756; Medical Ethics Committee file number: NL53472.028.15/P1515).

scholarly journals Long-Term Cognitive Performance of Retired Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Yongzhi Ma ◽  
Shihui Chen ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Hye Jung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively estimate (or invest) the impacts of sports-related concussions (SRCs) on cognitive performance among retired athletes more than 10 years after retirement. Methods: Six databases including (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PsycArtilces) were employed to retrieve the related studies. Studies that evaluate the association between cognitive function and the SRC of retired athletes sustaining more than 10 years were included. Results: A total of 11 studies that included 792 participants (534 retired athletes with SRC) were identified. The results indicated that the retired athletes with SRCs, compared to the non-concussion group, had significant cognitive deficits in verbal memory (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.02, I2 = 52.8%), delayed recall (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI –0.46 to 0.07, I2 = 27.9%), and attention (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.06, I2 = 0%). Additionally, meta-regression demonstrated that the period of time between testing and the last concussion is significantly associated with reduced verbal memory (β = −0.03681, p = 0.03), and increasing age is significantly associated with the verbal memory (β = −0.03767, p = 0.01), immediate recall (β = −0.08684, p = 0.02), and delay recall (β = −0.07432, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The retired athletes who suffered from SRCs during their playing career had declined cognitive performance in partial domains (immediate recall, visuospatial ability, and reaction time) later in life.

Factor Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Leinonen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Acoustic Component

In this study 91 local Swedish dialects were analysed based on vowel pronunciation. Acoustic measurements of vowel quality were made for 18 vowels of 1,014 speakers by means of principal component analysis of vowel spectra. Two principal components were extracted explaining more than [Formula: see text] of the total variance in the vowel spectra. Plotting vowels in the PC1-PC2 plane showed a solution with strong resemblance to vowels in a formant plane. Per location averages of all speakers were calculated and factor analysis was run with the 91 locations as data cases and the two acoustic component of the 18 words as variables. Nine factors were extracted corresponding to distinct geographic distribution patterns. The factor scores of the analysis revealed co-occurrence of a number of linguistic features.

scholarly journals The Swiss-SEP neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position: Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Panczak ◽  
Claudia Berlin ◽  
Marieke Voorpostel ◽  
Marcel Zwahlen ◽  
Matthias Egger
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Household Income ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Individual Level

Background The Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position (Swiss-SEP) was published in 2012, based on neighbourhoods of 50 households and data from the 2000 census on rent, education and occupation of the household head, and crowding. We developed updated Swiss-SEP versions and validated them against income and mortality data.Methods We replicated the 2012 analyses, creating a new index based on the micro censuses 2012-2015. We used principal component analysis on neighbourhood-aggregated indicators and standardised the index to a range of 0-100. We also created a hybrid version, with updated values for neighbourhoods centred on buildings constructed after 2000 and original values for remaining neighbourhoods.Results Analyses were based on 1.54 million neighbourhoods, with 892,129 households captured in the micro censuses. The distance by road between reference and other buildings of neighbourhoods doubled. All three versions of the Swiss-SEP index (old, new, hybrid) correlated well with household income and mortality.Conclusion The Swiss-SEP index captures area-based SEP at a high resolution. The hybrid version maintains a high spatial resolution while adding information on new neighbourhoods. The indices allow the study of SEP when data on individual-level SEP are missing, or area-level effects are of interest.

scholarly journals Cognitive Profile of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease - Cluster Analysis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3120-3120
Author(s):  
Maryline Couette ◽  
Stéphanie Forté ◽  
Damien Oudin Doglioni ◽  
Kevin H.M. Kuo ◽  
Pablo Bartolucci
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Cluster 2

Abstract Background: Published literature on cognitive functioning in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) is sparse when compared to children. A few reports describe deficits in processing speed and executive functioning. Some studies suggest that these deficits are more severe in patients with silent cerebral infarcts (SCI). Even in the absence of radiological evidence of ischemic injury, some cognitive deficits have been depicted in adults . We hypothesize that in SCD adults, the cognitive profile varies with the presence of ischemic injury (SCI or overt stroke). The aims of this study were 1) to describe the neuropsychological profiles of SCD adults, and 2) to characterize clusters of patients with similar cognitive profiles. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive SCD adults who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment during routine care at the UMGGR clinic at Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil (France), between January 2017 and April 2021. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used for cognitive disorder, anxiety and depression screening, respectively. The cognitive battery combined standardized neuropsychological tests with established clinical utility and validity. Educational attainment was scored based on the number of years of schooling for the highest completed diploma. Principal component analysis was performed. ANOVA was used to compare patients' characteristics between clusters. Results: 80 patients, median age 36.5 [range 19-63] years were included. 40 (50.0%) were male. Genotype distribution was 62 patients (77.5%) with SS/Sbeta 0, 12 (15.0%) with SC and 6 (7.5%) with Sbeta +. On Principal Component Analysis, a 5-factor model presented the best fit (Bartlett's sphericity test (χ²(171)=1174; p<0.001)), explaining 71.8% of the variance in neuropsychological scores. The first factor encompassed tests specifically assessing visual attention/visual organization (right hemisphere). The second included tests for mental/cognitive control (frontal lobe), the third tests of selective inhibition/attention (fronto-parietal), the fourth tests for language/memory (left temporal lobe) and the last referred to shifting skill (sub-cortical loop). On hierarchical classification, 3 different clusters emerged: 32 patients in cluster 1, 32 in cluster 2 and 16 in cluster 3. Cluster 1 had a lower mean educational level (F(2,77) = 15,65; p<0,001). Cluster 1 showed the lowest mean MoCA score (20.0/30.0), relative to cluster 2 and 3 (24.6 and 26.4; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Cluster 1 patients presented deficits on all five factors. Cluster 2 patients compared to cluster 3 were altered in 4 factors (factors 1-4), but to a lesser extent than cluster 1. Processing speed was slower and some frontal-executive deficits were present in cluster 2 compared to cluster 3. There was no statistical difference between clusters in terms of ethnic origins. There was a trend for the presence of more cerebral vasculopathy in cluster 1 (chi2; p=0.06). Regarding stroke, 70% occurred during childhood in cluster 1, whereas 70% during adulthood in cluster 2, and 100% during adulthood in cluster 3. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest at least three different cognitive profiles in adults with SCD: 1) few or no cognitive deficits (cluster 3), 2) some cognitive impairment with a sub-cortical cognitive profile (cluster 2) and 3) more global cognitive impairment with cortical/sub-cortical profile and specific deficits of memory, language and constructional praxis, depending on the location of prior overt neurological events (cluster 1). To reduce the long-term cognitive morbidity of SCD, patients can be identified by their distinct cognitive profiles and neurorehabilitation tailored to their unique profile should be applied. The large proportion of childhood stroke in patients with global cognitive impairment in contrast with majority of those with milder to no cognitive impairment having had their stroke in adulthood emphasize the crucial importance of preventing early childhood stroke and implementing early neurorehabilitation. Disclosures Forté: Canadian Hematology Society: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria. Kuo: Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Apellis: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy; Bioverativ: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Bartolucci: Jazz Pharma: Other: Lecture fees; AGIOS: Consultancy; Emmaus: Consultancy; GBT: Consultancy; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy; Hemanext: Consultancy; INNOVHEM: Other: Co-founder; Bluebird: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Lecture fees, Steering committee, Research Funding; Fabre Foundation: Research Funding; Addmedica: Consultancy, Other: Lecture fees, Research Funding.

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