scholarly journals Insights from two decades of the Student Conference on Conservation Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Geldmann ◽  
Helena Alves-Pinto ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
Harriet Bartlett ◽  
Alec P. Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Global Representation ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Oral Presentations

AbstractConservation science is a crisis-oriented discipline focused on delivering robust answers to reducing human impacts on nature. To explore how the field might have changed during the past two decades, we analyzed 3,245 applications for oral presentations submitted to the Student Conference on Conservation Science (SCCS) in Cambridge, UK. SCCS has been running every year since 2000, aims for global representation by providing bursaries to early-career conservationists from lower-income countries, and has never had a thematic focus, beyond conservation in the broadest sense. We found that the majority of submissions to SCCS were based on primary biological data collection from local scale field studies in the tropics, contrary to established literature which highlights gaps in tropical research. Our results showed a small increase over time in submissions framed around how nature benefits people as well as a small increase in submissions integrating social science. Our findings also suggest that students and early-career conservationists could provide pathways to increased availability of data from the tropics and for addressing well-known biases in the published literature towards wealthier countries. We hope this research will motivate efforts to support student projects, ensuring data and results are published and made publicly available.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Ivan Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
The Tropics

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

Vegetation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Previous Account ◽  
The Tropics

Southeast Asia is not a natural biogeographical unit: it extends well north out of the tropics in Myanmar, while the eastern boundary bisects the island of New Guinea. It is also divided in two by one of the sharpest zoogeographical boundaries in the world, Wallace’s line (Figure 7.1; Whitmore 1987). There is, however, one important unifying feature that distinguishes it from most other regions of the tropics: Southeast Asia is a region of forest climates. Only on the highest mountains in Papua and northern Myanmar is the climate too cold for forest and, with the possible exception of some small rain-shadow areas, it is nowhere too dry. Elsewhere the only permanent non-forest vegetation in the region before the human impacts of the last few millennia was on coastal cliffs and beaches, seasonally flooded river plains, active volcanoes, and perhaps some small inland areas on soils too poor to support forest. Today, however, as a result of human impacts, forest occupies less than half of the region, with various anthropogenic vegetation types occupying the rest. The recognition of Southeast Asia, as defined here, as a separate political and geographic entity is very recent, so it is not surprising that there has been no previous account of the vegetation of the whole region. Van Steenis (1957) gave a general account of the vegetation of Indonesia, while Whitmore (1984) concentrated on the tropical evergreen forests of the region, with only a brief description of the vegetation of drier climates. Champion (1936) described the principal forest types of Myanmar, while Vidal (1997) covered the vegetation of Thailand, Cambodia, and Lao PDR. Numerous other publications describe smaller areas or specific vegetation types. To a first approximation, the potential natural vegetation of the region (Plate 1) up to about 20°N is controlled by two main environmental gradients: a horizontal gradient of water availability and a vertical, altitudinal gradient. Water availability is determined largely by the amount and distribution of rainfall, with the length of the dry season the most important factor, although the water storage capacity of the soil becomes increasingly significant at the drier end of the gradient.

Selections From the ABC 2018 Annual Conference, Miami, Florida: Teaching Innovations Bright as the Tropical Sun

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-265
Author(s):  
D. Joel Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
University Center ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Skill Building ◽  
Client Assessment

This article offers readers 13 teaching innovations debuted at the 2018 Association for Business Communication’s annual conference in Miami, Florida. The ideas include communication analysis, client assessment and reporting, and oral presentations—all designed to enhance students’ communication skill building. Additional assignment support materials—instructions to students, stimulus materials, slides, grading rubrics, frequently asked questions, and sample student projects—are posted on the Association for Business Communication and DePaul University Center for Sales Leadership websites: https://www.businesscommunication.org/page/assignments and https://salesleadershipcenter.com/research/business-professional-communication-quarterly-my-favorite-assignment

Human impacts and adaptations in the Caribbean Islands: an historical ecology approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
William F. Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Caribbean

ABSTRACTArchaeological investigations demonstrate that peoples first settled the Caribbean islands approximately 6000–7000 years ago. At least four major, and multiple minor, migrations took place over the next millennia by peoples from Mesoamerica and South America who practised various subsistence strategies and had different levels of technology. For decades, researchers have been interested in investigating how these groups adapted to and impacted insular environments through time. This paper combines archaeological, palaeoecological, historical, and modern biological data to examine the effects of humans on Caribbean island ecosystems using a historical ecology approach. By synthesising a wide range of data sources, we take a human/nature dialectical perspective to understanding how peoples adapted to and modified their environments. The data suggest that earlier foraging/fishing Archaic groups (ca. 6000–3000 BP), who used a stone tool and shell technology and transported few, if any non-indigenous plants or animals, still impacted island landscapes as evidenced by bird and sloth extinctions. As more advanced ceramic making horticulturalists entered the Antillean chain around 2500 BP, there is an observable change to island environments as a result of forest clearance, overexploitation of both terrestrial and marine resources, and growing populations. Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental records also suggest, however, that an increased moisture regime during the late Holocene probably led to a decrease in near-shore salinity and heavier sediment and nutrient loads in rivers. These conditions would have been exacerbated by land clearance for agriculture, leading to coastline progradation, increased turbidity, and mangrove development resulting in changes to the availability of resources for humans on some islands. Although prehistoric peoples in the Caribbean were certainly impacting their environments, it was not until Europeans arrived and population centres grew that intensive and widespread degradation of island landscapes and resources occurred. Modern ecological studies, along with historical and archaeological data, indicate that hundreds of species have been driven to extinction or extirpation – many others have significantly diminished in number, especially within the last two millennia.

Training in Behavioral Social Work: A Pilot Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karola Dillenburger ◽  
Lidija Godina ◽  
Maxine Burton
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Science Approach ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
Oral Presentations

Social work practice has recently become much criticized. Misapplication of procedures and ill-defined theoretical approaches have led to a view of social work as a semiprofession. A thorough theoretical and procedural revision is necessary. In this article, we will argue that a natural science approach to human behavior, such as that offered by behavior analysis, constitutes a fundamental basis for effective and accountable social work practice. A program that was designed as part of a postgraduate social work course is introduced and evaluated. The aim of this program was to establish students' professional social work competence using well-established knowledge of the principles of behavior. Contingency arrangements for students included tests, project work, and oral presentations. Program design and student progress are reported. A number of examples of student projects are given.

scholarly journals A survey of lifespans in Oribatida excluding Astigmata (Acari)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
HEINRICH SCHATZ
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
As Species ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Change Of Life

This contribution provides an update on the duration of life cycles and lifespans of oribatid mites based on a literature review. The total lifespan is the sum of the immature developmental time (egg to adult) and the longevity of the adult. Most investigations were carried out in the laboratory, few were performed in the field, under field conditions and/or compared with field data. Many life cycles were investigated under different environmental influences. The life cycles of 144 oribatid species are listed. Compared with the total number of known oribatid species, this number is very low. Data for the total lifespan are given for 52 species, either from observations in the laboratory or estimated in comparison with field studies, but can only be guesses of the real lifespan. The typical lifespan of an oribatid species in temperate or boreal regions lasts between 1 and 2 years, rarely 3 years. The few investigated tropical species from laboratory experiments show generally faster development and shorter lifespans as species from temperate regions; no field studies have been carried out in the tropics yet. Long lifespan periods of 5 to 8 years are particularly characteristic of species in polar regions and in mountainous temperate regions. Some examples of species with different longevity in distinct climate regions, very long lifespans and change of life parameters under stressful laboratory conditions are presented.

scholarly journals Pathways to Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Marine Science and Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaili Johri ◽  
Maria Carnevale ◽  
Lindsay Porter ◽  
Anna Zivian ◽  
Melina Kourantidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Conservation And Management

Marine conservation sciences have traditionally been, and remain, non-diverse work environments with many barriers to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). These barriers disproportionately affect entry of early career scientists and practitioners and limit the success of marine conservation professionals from under-represented, marginalized, and overburdened groups. These groups specifically include women, LGBTQ+, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). However, the issues also arise from the global North/South and East/West divide with under-representation of scientists from the South and East in the global marine conservation and science arena. Persisting inequities in conservation, along with a lack of inclusiveness and diversity, also limit opportunities for innovation, cross-cultural knowledge exchange, and effective implementation of conservation and management policies. As part of its mandate to increase diversity and promote inclusion of underrepresented groups, the Diversity and Inclusion committee of the Society for Conservation Biology-Marine Section (SCB Marine) organized a JEDI focus group at the Sixth International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC6) which was held virtually. The focus group included a portion of the global cohort of IMCC6 attendees who identified issues affecting JEDI in marine conservation and explored pathways to address those issues. Therefore, the barriers and pathways identified here focus on issues pertinent to participants’ global regions and experiences. Several barriers to just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive conservation science and practice were identified. Examples included limited participation of under-represented minorities (URM) in research networks, editorial biases against URM, limited professional development and engagement opportunities for URM and non-English speakers, barriers to inclusion of women, LGBTQ+, and sensory impaired individuals, and financial barriers to inclusion of URM in all aspects of marine conservation and research. In the current policy brief, we explore these barriers, assess how they limit progress in marine conservation research and practice, and seek to identify initiatives for improvements. We expect the initiatives discussed here to advances practices rooted in principles of JEDI, within SCB Marine and, the broader conservation community. The recommendations and perspectives herein broadly apply to conservation science and practice, and are critical to effective and sustainable conservation and management outcomes.

scholarly journals Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD): an online workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidele Ntie-Kang ◽  
Kiran K. Telukunta ◽  
Serge A. T. Fobofou ◽  
Victor Chukwudi Osamor ◽  
Samuel A. Egieyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Oral Presentations

AbstractWe report the major conclusions of the online open-access workshop “Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD)” that took place from 08 to 10 March 2021. Invited speakers from academia and industry and about 200 registered participants from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and North America) took part in the workshop. The workshop highlighted the potential applications of computational methodologies in the search for secondary metabolites (SMs) or natural products (NPs) as potential drugs and drug leads. During 3 days, the participants of this online workshop received an overview of modern computer-based approaches for exploring NP discovery in the “omics” age. The invited experts gave keynote lectures, trained participants in hands-on sessions, and held round table discussions. This was followed by oral presentations with much interaction between the speakers and the audience. Selected applicants (early-career scientists) were offered the opportunity to give oral presentations (15 min) and present posters in the form of flash presentations (5 min) upon submission of an abstract. The final program available on the workshop website (https://caismd.indiayouth.info/) comprised of 4 keynote lectures (KLs), 12 oral presentations (OPs), 2 round table discussions (RTDs), and 5 hands-on sessions (HSs). This meeting report also references internet resources for computational biology in the area of secondary metabolites that are of use outside of the workshop areas and will constitute a long-term valuable source for the community. The workshop concluded with an online survey form to be completed by speakers and participants for the goal of improving any subsequent editions.

scholarly journals Woodlands, Warlords, and Wasteful Nations: Transnational Networks and Conservation Science in 1920s China

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-738
Author(s):  
Micah S. Muscolino
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Conservation Movement ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Recent Scholarship

AbstractThis article investigates the production of conservation science at nodes of transnational networks of encounter through an examination of field studies conducted during the mid-1920s in North China's Shanxi province by the American forester and soil conservation expert Walter C. Lowdermilk with his student, colleague, and collaborator Ren Chengtong. Even in the politically fragmented China of the 1920s, their research on deforestation, streamflow, and erosion benefited from alliances with Shanxi's regional powerholder, Yan Xishan, and produced environmental knowledge that furthered the agenda of harnessing natural resources to strengthen the state. By paying attention to two-way interactions between Chinese and foreign actors in the construction and transmission of knowledge about nature, the article speaks to the global context of the early twentieth-century conservation movement and adds to recent scholarship that recasts China's encounter with modern science as one of active appropriation, translation, and innovation rather than passive reception.

Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda I. Introduction

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Different Parts

The Bryotrop project was planned in 1981 by several bryologists from Germany. Aim of this project was a comparative study of the bryoflora and -vegetation of rain forest areas in different parts of the tropics. In contrast to other bryological research in the tropics, this project should not be limited to pure floristic studies at various collecting sites but consist of interdisciplinary work of researchers from different fields together in a small region, an attempt which was not made before in bryology. For the field studies, the transect method was chosen. By this way a survey should be given of

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