scholarly journals Population mobility and dengue fever transmission in a major city in Southeastern Brazil, 2007-2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor C. Johansen ◽  
Marcia C. Castro ◽  
Luciana C. Alves ◽  
Roberto L. Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Population Census ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Major City

AbstractBackgroundAround 14% of world dengue virus (DENV) cases occur in the Americas, the majority of them in Brazil. Although socioeconomic, environmental and behavioral correlates of dengue have been analyzed for different contexts, the role played by population mobility on DENV epidemics, especially at the local level, remains scant. This study assesses whether the daily pattern of population mobility is associated with DENV transmission in Campinas, a Brazilian major city with over 1.2 million inhabitants in São Paulo state.Methodology/Principal FindingsDENV notifications from 2007 to 2015 were geocoded at street level (n=114,884) and combined with sociodemographic and environmental data from the 2010 Population Census. Population mobility was extracted from the Origin-Destination Survey (ODS), carried out in 2011, and daily precipitation was obtained from satellite imagery. Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression models controlled by demographic and environmental factors revealed that high population mobility had a substantial positive effect on higher risk for DENV transmission. High income and residence in apartments were found to be protective against the disease, while unpaved streets, number of strategic points (such as scrapyards and tire repair shops), and precipitation were consistently risk factors for DENV infection.Conclusions/SignificanceThe use of fine-scale geographical data can unravel transmission idiosyncrasies not evident from a coarse spatial analysis. Even in a major city like Campinas, the vast majority of population daily mobility occurs at short distances. Based on our results, public policies on DENV transmission control should dedicate special attention to local hubs of population mobility, especially during high transmission weeks and in high dengue incidence areas.Author SummaryCurrently, about half of the world population is at risk of a dengue infection. Numerous studies have addressed the socioeconomic and environmental determinants of the disease. However, little is known about the role played by population mobility on dengue transmission, particularly at the local scale. This study aims at investigating this issue. Our hypothesis was that population movements are a prominent driving force for dengue diffusion locally. We investigated the case of Campinas, a municipality with over 1.2 million inhabitants in Brazil that recorded dengue epidemics in 2007, 2014 and 2015. Our study focused on the years 2007 to 2015, comprising more than 114 thousand cases, geocoded to the household address, and combined with socioeconomic, environmental and daily population mobility data. Our results showed that even controlling for demographic and environmental factors, population mobility was the most important predictor for dengue fever incidence.

scholarly journals Population mobility, demographic, and environmental characteristics of dengue fever epidemics in a major city in Southeastern Brazil, 2007-2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Cavallini Johansen ◽  
Marcia Caldas de Castro ◽  
Luciana Correia Alves ◽  
Roberto Luiz do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Major City ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Binomial Regression

Around 14% of world dengue virus (DENV) cases occur in the Americas, most of them in Brazil. While socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral correlates have been analyzed thoroughly, the role played by population mobility on DENV epidemics, especially at the local level, remains scarce. This study assesses whether the daily pattern of population mobility is associated with DENV incidence in Campinas, a Brazilian major city with over 1.2 million inhabitants in São Paulo State. DENV notifications from 2007 to 2015 were geocoded at street level (n = 114,884) and combined with sociodemographic and environmental data from the 2010 population census. Population mobility was extracted from the Origin-Destination Survey (ODS), carried out in 2011, and daily precipitation was obtained from satellite imagery. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were applied. High population mobility presented a relevant positive effect on higher risk for DENV incidence. High income and residence in apartments were found to be protective characteristics against the disease, while unpaved streets, number of strategic points (such as scrapyards and tire repair shops), and precipitation were consistently risk factors.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12732
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq ◽  
Syed Imam Rabbani ◽  
Abdulhakeem S. Alamri ◽  
Wala F. Alsanie ◽  
Majid Alhomrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Proactive Measures

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide. The infection is mostly spread through the inhalation of infected droplets. Saudi Arabia is a vast country having different climatic conditions. Methods The study evaluated the influence of environmental factors on the spread of COVID-19. Six zones (A to F) were classified depending on the climatic conditions. The study was conducted by retrospective analysis of COVID-19 records from the ministry of health between the months of September 2020 and August 2021. The environmental data such as average temperature (°C), humidity (%), wind speed (m/s) and sun exposure (kwh/m2) were retrieved from official sites. The data was analyzed to determine the effect of these factors on the spread of COVID-19. SPSS IBM 25 software was used to conduct the analysis and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate the significance of the results. Results According to the findings, the rate of infection was greater between April and July 2021. Six climatic zones experienced high temperatures, little humidity, consistent wind flow, and intense sun exposure throughout this time. The correlation study revealed a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the environmental factors and the spread of COVID-19. The data suggested that during summer condition when the weather is hot, less humid, and steady wind flow with lots of sun exposure, the COVID-19 infection rate got augmented in Saudi Arabia. Poor ventilation and closed-door habitats in an air-conditioned atmosphere during this period could have played a role in human transmission. More research on air quality, population mobility and diseased condition is essential, so that precise proactive measures can be designed to limit the spread of infection in specific climatic seasons.

Estimating ‘outbreak’-level tornado counts and casualties from environmental variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Schroder ◽  
James B. Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Cluster Level

AbstractEnvironmental variables are routinely used in estimating when and where tornadoes are likely to occur, but more work is needed to understand how tornado and casualty counts of severe weather outbreak vary with the larger scale environmental factors. Here the authors demonstrate a method to quantify ‘outbreak’-level tornado and casualty counts with respect to variations in large-scale environmental factors. They do this by fitting negative binomial regression models to cluster-level environmental data to estimate the number of tornadoes and the number of casualties on days with at least ten tornadoes. Results show that a 1000 J kg−1 increase in CAPE corresponds to a 5% increase in the number of tornadoes and a 28% increase in the number of casualties, conditional on at least ten tornadoes, and holding the other variables constant. Further, results show that a 10 m s−1 increase in deep-layer bulk shear corresponds to a 13% increase in tornadoes and a 98% increase in casualties, conditional on at least ten tornadoes, and holding the other variables constant. The casualty-count model quantifies the decline in the number of casualties per year and indicates that outbreaks have a larger impact in the Southeast than elsewhere after controlling for population and geographic area.

A Review on Data Mining Techniques Towards Water Sustainability Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-826
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Panda ◽  
A. Sai Sabitha ◽  
Vikas Deep
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Sustainability ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Sustainability is defined as the practice of protecting natural resources for future use without harming the nature. Sustainable development includes the environmental, social, political, and economic issues faced by human being for existence. Water is the most vital resource for living being on this earth. The natural resources are being exploited with the increase in world population and shortfall of these resources may threaten humanity in the future. Water sustainability is a part of environmental sustainability. The water crisis is increasing gradually in many places of the world due to agricultural and industrial usage and rapid urbanization. Data mining tools and techniques provide a powerful methodology to understand water sustainability issues using rich environmental data and also helps in building models for possible optimization and reengineering. In this research work, a review on usage of supervised or unsupervised learning algorithms in water sustainability issues like water quality assessment, waste water collection system and water consumption is presented. Advanced technologies have also helped to resolve major water sustainability issues. Some major data mining optimization algorithms have been compared which are used in piped water distribution networks.

scholarly journals The impact of environmental variables on the spread of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwan Lim ◽  
Oh Joo Kweon ◽  
Hye Ryoun Kim ◽  
Tae-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCorona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic and is a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of environmental factors, such as climate and air pollutants, in the transmission of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea. We collected epidemiological and environmental data from two regions of the Republic of Korea, namely Seoul metropolitan region (SMR) and Daegu-Gyeongbuk region (DGR) from February 2020 to July 2020. The data was then analyzed to identify correlations between each environmental factor with confirmed daily COVID-19 cases. Among the various environmental parameters, the duration of sunshine and ozone level were found to positively correlate with COVID-19 cases in both regions. However, the association of temperature variables with COVID-19 transmission revealed contradictory results when comparing the data from SMR and DGR. Moreover, statistical bias may have arisen due to an extensive epidemiological investigation and altered socio-behaviors that occurred in response to a COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, our results suggest that various environmental factors may play a role in COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates, and non-motorized scooters in the United States: 2005 - 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
William Milczarski ◽  
Peter Tuckel ◽  
Richard Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
National Databases

Purpose: To provide an updated and comparative analysis of injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates and non-motorized scooters.Methods: The study uses two national databases – the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample  – and subnational databases for New York, California, and Maryland.  Univariate and multivariate analyses (negative binomial regression) are performed to identify effects of age, gender, racial-ethnic background, and region on the incidence of injury-related falls from each of the four devices.Results: The rate of injuries due to falls from bicycles far surpasses the rates due to falls from the other devices.  When a measure of “exposure” is taken into consideration, however, the rate of injuries from skateboards outstrips the rates from bicycles or roller skates.  The profile of patients who are injured from falls from each of the four devices is distinctive.  Asian-Americans are greatly underrepresented among those who suffer a fall-related injury from any of the four devices.  The incidence of injuries attributable to falls varies considerably by geographic region.Conclusions: Public health officials need to be mindful that while certain activities such as scootering might be gaining in popularity, the number of injuries sustained from bicycles still dwarfs the number attributable to falls from skateboards, roller skates, and scooters combined.  Thus special attention needs to be paid to both prevent falls from bicycles and specific treatment modalities.  It is important for public health officials to gather injury data at the local level to allocate prevention and treatment resources more efficiently.

Sonographic Evidence of Ascites, Pleura-Pericardial Effusion and Gallbladder Wall Edema for Dengue Fever

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Motla ◽  
S. Manaktala ◽  
V. Gupta ◽  
M. Aggarwal ◽  
S.K. Bhoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gall Bladder Wall ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroduction: Radiographic findings of dengue fever have not yet been clearly elucidated in relation to clinical and serological findings, despite the fact that two-fifths of the world population lives in areas where the virus is endemic. The current study is a retrospective analyzis of ultrasonographic (USG) features of patients presenting with probable dengue fever during the outbreak of DF of 2006 in North India.Methods: Case records of a 169 patients with probable dengue fiver were included. Ten individual sonographic parameters were reviewed vis-à-vis ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gall bladder wall edema (GBWE), pleural effusion (right or left or both), pericardial effusion, pericholecystic collection, perinephric collection. Subjects who had GB wall thickness >3 mm as measured on ultrasound were identified as positive for GBWE. The cases were analyzed in view of their serological profile.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 27.9 +/− 13.4 years. The mean value of the platelet count was 57.4 +/− 22.3 x 103/cmm. The most common ultrasonographic feature was ascites (126, 74.6%) followed by gall bladder wall edema (122, 72%), hepatomegaly (78, 46.2%), splenomegaly (66, 39.1%) and pericholecystic collection (63, 37.3%); 48 (28.4%) subjects demonstrated evidence of pleural effusion on the right side, while 19 (11.2%) had bilateral effusion. None of the subjects had an isolated left pleural effusion. Twenty-seven (16%) subjects reported bleeding manifestations in the form of petechiae and five (3%) developed renal dysfunction. Presence of pleural and pericardial effusions was found to be specific while ascites and GBWE were identified as highly sensitive markers for seropositive Primary DF.Conclusions: Ultrasonographic evidence of ascites, pleuro-pericardial effusion, and gallbladder wall edema are rapidly aquired, non-invasive markers of dengue and can be helpful before serological investigations become available. These findings may indicate severity and may herald the onset of bleeding (petechiae) or predict the development of acute renal dysfunction.

The Emergence of Spatial Clustering in Medical Vaccine Exemptions Following California Senate Bill 277, 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Gromis ◽  
Ka-Yuet Liu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Senate Bill ◽  
Before And After

Objectives. To understand how the elimination of nonmedical vaccine exemptions through California Senate Bill 277 (SB277) may have resulted in increased spatial clustering of medical exemptions. Methods. We used spatial scan statistics and negative binomial regression models to examine spatial clustering in medical vaccine exemptions in California kindergartens from 2015 to 2018. Results. Spatial clustering of medical exemptions across schools emerged following SB277. Clusters were located in similar geographic areas to previous clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions, suggesting a spatial association between high nonmedical exemption prevalence and increasing rates of medical exemptions. Regression results confirmed this positive association at the local level. The sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhoods in which schools were located explained some, but not all, of the positive spatial associations between exemptions before and after SB277. Conclusions. Elimination of nonmedical vaccine exemptions via SB277 may have prompted some parents to instead seek medical exemptions to required school vaccines. The spatial association of these 2 types of exemptions has implications for maintaining pockets of low vaccine compliance and increased disease transmission.

scholarly journals Application of smart mosquito monitoring traps for the mosquito forecast systems by Seoul Metropolitan city

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumi Na ◽  
Hoonbok Yi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Mosquito Population ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Mean Temperature

Abstract Background The purpose of this study, mosquito forecast system implemented by Seoul Metropolitan city, was to obtain the mosquito prediction formula by using the mosquito population data and the environmental data of the past. Results For this study, the mosquito population data from April 1, 2015, to October 31, 2017, were collected. The mosquito population data were collected from the 50 smart mosquito traps (DMSs), two of which were installed in each district (Korean, gu) in Seoul Metropolitan city since 2015. Environmental factors were collected from the Automatic Weather System (AWS) by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The data of the nearest AWS devices from each DMS were used for the prediction formula analysis. We found out that the environmental factors affecting the mosquito population in Seoul Metropolitan city were the mean temperature and rainfall. We predicted the following equations by the generalized linear model analysis: ln(Mosquito population) = 2.519 + 0.08 × mean temperature + 0.001 × rainfall. Conclusions We expect that the mosquito forecast system would be used for predicting the mosquito population and to prevent the spread of disease through mosquitoes.

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