scholarly journals Exploring valence bias as a metric for frontoamygdalar connectivity and depressive symptoms in childhood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Petro ◽  
Nim Tottenham ◽  
Maital Neta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Early Life Events ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Risk For Depression

AbstractNegativity bias is a core feature of depression that is associated with dysfunctional frontoamygdalar connectivity; this pathway is associated with emotion regulation and sensitive to neurobiological change during puberty. We used a valence bias task (ratings of emotional ambiguity) as a potential early indicator of depression risk and differences in frontoamygdalar connectivity. Previous work using this task demonstrated that children normatively have a negative bias that attenuates with maturation. Here, we test the hypothesis that persistence of this negativity bias as manturation ensues may reveal differences in emotion regulation development, and may be associated with increased risk for depression. Within a restricted age range (6-13 years), we tested the moderating role of puberty on relationships between valence bias, depressive symptoms, and frontoamygdalar connectivity. A negative bias was associated with increased depressive symptoms for those at more advanced pubertal stages (within this sample) and less regulatory frontoamygdalar connectivity, whereas a more positive bias was associated with more regulatory connectivity patterns. These data suggest that with maturation, individual differences in positivity biases and associated emotion regulation circuitry confer a differential risk for depression. Longitudinal work is necessary to determine the directionality of these effects and explore the influence of early life events.

scholarly journals Role of depressive symptoms in cardiometabolic diseases and subsequent transitions to all-cause mortality: an application of multistate models in a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000693
Author(s):  
Yanan Qiao ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Guochen Li ◽  
Yanqiang Lu ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
European Population ◽  
Multistate Models ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background and purposeThe role of depression in the development and outcome of cardiometabolic diseases remains to be clarified. We aimed to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms affect the transitions from healthy to diabetes, stroke, heart disease and subsequent all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and elderly European population.MethodsA total of 78 212 individuals aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included. Participants with any baseline cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, stroke and heart disease were excluded. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Euro-Depression scale at baseline. Participants were followed up to determine the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. We used multistate models to estimate the transition-specific HRs and 95% CIs after adjustment of confounders.ResultsDuring 500 711 person-years of follow-up, 4742 participants developed diabetes, 2173 had stroke, 5487 developed heart disease and 7182 died. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with transitions from healthy to diabetes (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20), stroke (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.44), heart disease (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.34) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.49). After cardiometabolic diseases, depressive symptoms were associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.89), patients who had stroke (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.61) and patients with heart disease (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.44).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease, and affect the risk of mortality after the onset of these cardiometabolic conditions. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms may have profound implications for the prevention and prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of Father and Mother Attachment on Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood and Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Alexandra Iwanski ◽  
Lucie Lichtenstein ◽  
Laura E. Mühling ◽  
Peter Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Background: Attachment and emotion regulation play a decisive role in the developmental pathways of adaptation or maladaptation. This study tested concurrent and longitudinal associations between the attachment to mother and father, sadness regulation, and depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 1110 participants from middle childhood to adolescence completed measures of attachment, emotion regulation, and depressive symptomatology. In total, 307 of them participated in the longitudinal assessment. Results: Results revealed attachment affects emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we found linear effects of the cumulative number of secure attachment relationships on adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation, as well as on depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analysis showed the significant mediating role of sadness regulation in the relationship between attachment and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation explain the longitudinal effects of attachment on depressive symptoms. Insecurely attached children and adolescents use maladaptive and adaptive sadness regulation strategies, but differ in their hierarchy of strategy use.

scholarly journals Subjective mental health, incidence of depressive symptoms in later life, and the role of epigenetics: results from two longitudinal cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Perna ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Pamela R. Matias-Garcia ◽  
Karl-Heinz Ladwig ◽  
Tobias Wiechmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older People ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Hrqol ◽  
Subjective Mental Health

Abstract The role of self-perceived general health in predicting morbidity and mortality among older people is established. The predictive value of self-perceived mental health and of its possible biological underpinnings for future depressive symptoms is unexplored. This study aimed to assess the role of mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and of its epigenetic markers in predicting depressive symptoms among older people without lifetime history of depression. Data were based on a subgroup (n = 1 492) of participants of the longitudinal ESTHER study. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of mental HRQOL was conducted using DNA from baseline whole blood samples and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of methylation beta values of EWAS identified CpGs for incidence of depressive symptoms in later life. The methylation analyses were replicated in the independent KORA cohort (n = 890) and a meta-analysis of the two studies was conducted. Results of the meta-analysis showed that participants with beta values of cg27115863 within quartile 1 (Q1) had nearly a two-fold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms compared to participants with beta values within Q4 (ORQ1vsQ4 = 1.80; CI 1.25–2.61). In the ESTHER study the predictive value of subjective mental health for future depressive symptoms was also assessed and for 10-unit increase in mental HRQOL scores the odds for incident depressive symptoms were reduced by 54% (OR 0.46; CI 0.40–0.54). These findings suggest that subjective mental health and hypomethylation at cg27115863 are predictive of depressive symptoms, possibly through the activation of inflammatory signaling pathway.

Emotion Regulation in Context: Social Connectedness Moderates Concurrent and Prospective Associations With Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Marroquín ◽  
Jennifer De Rutte ◽  
Casey L. May ◽  
Blair E. Wisco
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Emotion regulation in healthy functioning and in depression is typically examined as an intrapersonal phenomenon, but growing evidence suggests social factors affect individuals' strategy use and effectiveness. We examined whether the role of emotion regulation in depression—concurrently and over four weeks—depends on social connectedness, predicting that higher social connectedness would dilute effects of one's own strategy use regardless of specific strategy. Methods: Young adult participants (n = 187) completed measures of perceived social connectedness, depressive symptoms, two avoidant emotion regulation strategies (ruminative brooding and experiential avoidance), and two approach-oriented strategies (positive reappraisal and planning), and depressive symptoms again four weeks later (n = 166). Results: Cross-sectional associations of emotion regulation with symptoms were moderated by social connectedness: effects of both avoidant and approach strategies were weaker among more connected individuals. Prospectively, social connectedness moderated effects of approach strategies, but not avoidant strategies. Among more socially connected individuals, using approach strategies—which are typically adaptive—was associated with higher symptoms over time. Discussion: Results partially replicate previous research and support the role of social factors as important contexts of intraper-sonal emotion regulation and dysregulation in depression. Findings suggest that social resources can dilute intrapersonal effects regardless of strategy type—more in the shorter term than in the longer term—and can even lead seemingly adaptive strategies to backfire over time. Implications for research integrating emotion regulation, relationships, and depressive psychopathology are discussed.

Abstract 97: The Impact of “Traditional” Risk Factors for Incident Versus Recurrent Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Risk factors for incident stroke have been shown to also be associated with risk for recurrent stroke; however, to our knowledge there has not been a cohort with risk factors measured in a sufficient number of stroke-free and prevalent stroke cases to contrast the impact of the risk factors between incident and recurrent stroke. Methods: REGARDS recruited 30,239 participants between 2003 and 2007. Participants were stratified into those reporting and not reporting a physician-diagnosed stroke at baseline. Proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the role of risk factors for stroke. Results: Over 6.2 years of follow-up, there were 825 strokes among 25,849 (3.2%) participants without stroke/TIA at baseline, and 310 strokes among 3,101 (10.0%) with stroke/TIA at baseline. In those stroke-free at baseline, there was an age-by-race interaction (p = 0.0003) with a substantially higher risk among blacks than whites at age 45 (HR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.85 - 3.91), but with increasing age to age 85 this disparity disappeared (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.74 - 1.23). However, there was a constant (p = 0.98) 21% non-significantly higher risk among blacks over the entire age range. For both blacks and whites, the impact of increasing age had a substantially smaller impact on recurrent than incident stroke. The traditional risk factors had a generally smaller impact for recurrent than incident stroke (significantly for atrial fibrillation and heart disease), however, they remained significantly associated with increased risk for recurrent stroke (see table). Discussion: The role of race and age differed for incident versus recurrent stroke, while the traditional risk factors persisted as indicators of higher risk for recurrent stroke. The smaller impact of stroke risk factors on recurrent stroke should be interpreted with caution, as the higher event rate in this group could imply that the risk factors still have a powerful effect on absolute risk.

The relation between cyberbullying and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The moderating role of emotion regulation strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 106341
Author(s):  
Maria Nicoleta Turliuc ◽  
Cornelia Măirean ◽  
Mioara Boca-Zamfir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Moderating Role

Life stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of prefrontal activation during emotion regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110257
Author(s):  
Kyung Hwa Lee ◽  
Ha Young Lee ◽  
Inkyung Park ◽  
Jeong Eun Jeon ◽  
Nambeom Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Lateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Moderating Role

Objectives: Evidence suggests that emotion regulation difficulty may play an important role in the association between life stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. We proposed two models depicting the possible moderating roles of prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation in the associations among these variables and tested them. We hypothesized that (1) the association between stress and sleep disturbance would differ across prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation (moderation model) and (2) the indirect effects of stress on depressive symptoms through sleep disturbance would depend on prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation (moderated mediation model). Methods: Forty-eight healthy adults without sleep disorders based on nocturnal polysomnography participated in this study. They received functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while performing an emotion regulation task. They also completed questionnaires assessing life stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. The proposed models were tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: As hypothesized, there was a significant moderating effect of prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation on the association between life stress and sleep disturbance. Furthermore, right lateral prefrontal cortex activation had a moderating role in the indirect effect of life stress on depressive symptoms through sleep disturbance. Conclusion: These findings highlight the important role of prefrontal cortex function during emotion regulation in the associations between stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. Increasing lateral prefrontal cortex recruitment when regulating the emotional response to negative life events may be critical for the prevention and intervention of depression as well as sleep problems.

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