scholarly journals Mass measurements of Ga60–63 reduce x-ray burst model uncertainties and extend the evaluated T=1 isobaric multiplet mass equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Paul ◽  
J. Bergmann ◽  
J. D. Cardona ◽  
K. A. Dietrich ◽  
E. Dunling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Model Uncertainties ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Galaxy clusters mass measurements: news in X-ray and Weak lensing data analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Iacopo Bartalucci ◽  
Ilaria Formicola ◽  
Rossella Martino
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Characterizing galaxy clusters by their gravitational potential: Systematics of cluster potential reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. A126
Author(s):  
C. Tchernin ◽  
E. T. Lau ◽  
S. Stapelberg ◽  
D. Hug ◽  
M. Bartelmann
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Bias ◽  
Millimeter Wavelengths

Context. Biases in mass measurements of galaxy clusters are one of the major limiting systematics in constraining cosmology with clusters. Aims. We aim to demonstrate that the systematics associated with cluster gravitational potentials are smaller than the hydrostatic mass bias and that cluster potentials could therefore be a good alternative to cluster masses in cosmological studies. Methods. Using cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters, we compute the biases in the hydrostatic mass (HE mass) and those in the gravitational potential, reconstructed from measurements at X-ray and millimeter wavelengths. In particular, we investigate the effects of the presence of substructures and of nonthermal pressure support on both the HE mass and the reconstructed potential. Results. We find that the bias in the reconstructed potential (6%) is less than that of the HE mass (13%) and that the scatter in the reconstructed potential decreases by ∼35% with respect to that in the HE mass. Conclusions. This study shows that characterizing galaxy clusters by their gravitational potential is a promising alternative to using cluster masses in cluster cosmology.

Liquid Transport During Evaporation of Water From a Small Simulated Soil Column

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pratim Chakraborty ◽  
Molly Ross ◽  
Hitesh Bindra ◽  
Melanie M. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Front ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Critical Resource ◽  
Global Water

Abstract The food-energy-water nexus considers critical resource challenges which must be resolved in order to meet the needs of a growing population. Agriculture is the largest global water user, accounting for two-thirds of global water withdrawals, including water for crop irrigation. Understanding and therefore reducing evaporation of water from soil is an approach to conserve water resources globally. This work studies evaporation of water from a simulated soil column and employs x-ray imaging to determine the location of water in the porous media. A 30-mL beaker was filled with approximately 1700 2-mm hydrophilic glass beads. Water (i.e., 5.5 mL) was added to the simulated soil, comprised of glass beads and a heat flux (i.e., 1500 W/m2) was applied to the beaker using a solar simulator and the intensity was measured with a light meter. Real-time mass measurements were recorded during evaporation and X-ray imaging was utilized to capture liquid transport during evaporation. Images were post-processed using Matlab; the position of the liquid front was determined from this imaging. Across three replications, it took 47 hours on average to evaporate 5 mL of the total 5.5 mL of water. The transitions between evaporation Stage I, II, and III evaporation rates were determined using mass data and x-ray imaging; transition between Stages I and II occurred between approximately 4 and 9 hours, and the transition from Stage II to III evaporation occurred between approximately 18 and 24 hours. The result of this experiment will be useful to understand the liquid transport and formation of liquid bridges during evaporation from soil.

scholarly journals The Three Hundred Project: Correcting for the hydrostatic-equilibrium mass bias in X-ray and SZ surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. A113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ansarifard ◽  
E. Rasia ◽  
V. Biffi ◽  
S. Borgani ◽  
W. Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Hydrostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Gas Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Bias ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Massive Clusters

Accurate and precise measurement of the masses of galaxy clusters is key to deriving robust constraints on cosmological parameters. However, increasing evidence from observations confirms that X-ray masses obtained under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium might be underestimated, as previously predicted by cosmological simulations. We analyze more than 300 simulated massive clusters from the Three Hundred Project, and investigate the connection between mass bias and several diagnostics extracted from synthetic X-ray images of these simulated clusters. We find that the azimuthal scatter measured in 12 sectors of the X-ray flux maps is a statistically significant indication of the presence of an intrinsic (i.e., 3D) clumpy gas distribution. We verify that a robust correction to the hydrostatic mass bias can be inferred when estimates of the gas inhomogeneity from X-ray maps (such as the azimuthal scatter or the gas ellipticity) are combined with the asymptotic external slope of the gas density or pressure profiles, which can be respectively derived from X-ray and millimeter (Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect) observations. We also obtain that mass measurements based on either gas density and temperature or gas density and pressure result in similar distributions of the mass bias. In both cases, we provide corrections that help reduce both the dispersion and skewness of the mass bias distribution. These are effective even when irregular clusters are included leading to interesting implications for the modeling and correction of hydrostatic mass bias in cosmological analyses of current and future X-ray and SZ cluster surveys.

scholarly journals The Galvanic Effect of Titanium and Amalgam in the Oral Environment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4425
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Carey IV ◽  
Shu-Min Hsu ◽  
Chaker Fares ◽  
George Kamenov ◽  
Fan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Acidic Conditions

The effects of the presence of amalgam on titanium (Ti) dissolution in the oral environment under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions was studied. The presence of amalgam was found to suppress Ti release under acidic conditions due to the redeposition of TiOx/SnOx on the surface of the Ti. The redeposition of SnOx was due to the amalgam releasing its components (Hg, Cu, Sn, Ag) and the thermodynamic preference of Sn to oxidize, which was confirmed using mass measurements, ICP-MS analyses, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS depth profiling was performed to characterize the composition and oxidation states of the redeposited SnOx/TiOx film. Under basic conditions, the amalgam hindered Ti dissolution, but no redeposition of amalgam components was observed for the Ti.

scholarly journals Broad spectral lines in AGNs and supermassive black hole mass measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Č. Popović
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Broad Emission ◽  
Absorbing Material

AbstractThe mass measurement of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a very complex task. Between several methods for SMBH mass measurements, some of them use the spectral lines, which indicate the motion of the emitting/absorbing material around an SMBH. Mostly, there is an assumption of virialization of line emitting gas in the region which is close to the central SMBH. In this paper we will give an overview of methods for the SMBH mass measurements using broad emission spectral lines observed in Type 1 AGNs. First we give the basic idea to use the parameters of broad lines to SMBH mass measurements. After that we give an overview of broad lines from X-ray (Fe kα) to the IR (Pashen and Brecket lines) which have been used for SMBH mass estimates. Additionally, we describe and discuss a new method for SMBH mass measurements using the polarization in the broad lines emitted from Type 1 AGNs.

Reproducibility of Metacarpophalangeal Bone Mass Measurements Obtained by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Early Arthritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos Castañeda ◽  
Isidoro González-Álvaro ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez-Salvanés ◽  
María Luisa Quintana ◽  
Armando Laffon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Early Arthritis ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Mass Measurements
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document