Minimum thickness of carbon coating for multipacting suppression

Calcium is supposed to play an important role in the control of protoplasmic streaming in slime mold plasmodia. The motive force for protoplasmic streaming is generated by the interaction of actin and myosin. This contraction is supposed to be controlled by intracellular Ca-fluxes similar to the triggering system in skeleton muscle. The histochemical localisation of calcium however is problematic because of the possible diffusion artifacts especially in aquous media.To evaluate this problem calcium localisation was studied in small pieces of shock frozen (liquid propane at -189°C) plasmodial strands of Physarum polycephalum, which were further processed with 3 different methods: 1) freeze substitution in ethanol at -75°C, staining in 100% ethanol with 1% uranyl acetate, and embedding in styrene-methacrylate. For comparison the staining procedure was omitted in some preparations. 2)Freeze drying at about -95°C, followed by immersion with 100% ethanol containing 1% uranyl acetate, and embedding. 3) Freeze fracture, carbon coating and SEM investigation at temperatures below -100° C.

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Surface Structure in Microtomed Sections Caused by Glass and Diamond Knives

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066334 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 456-457

Author(s):

J. Temple Black ◽

William G. Boldosser

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Carbon Coating ◽

Surface Damage ◽

Body Angle ◽

Normal Manner ◽

Bottom Side ◽

Cutting Direction ◽

Made In ◽

Diamond Knife

Ultramicrotomy produces plastic deformation in the surfaces of microtomed TEM specimens which can not generally be observed unless special preparations are made. In this study, a typical biological composite of tissue (infundibular thoracic attachment) infiltrated in the normal manner with an embedding epoxy resin (Epon 812 in a 60/40 mixture) was microtomed with glass and diamond knives, both with 45 degree body angle. Sectioning was done in Portor Blum Mt-2 and Mt-1 microtomes. Sections were collected on formvar coated grids so that both the top side and the bottom side of the sections could be examined. Sections were then placed in a vacuum evaporator and self-shadowed with carbon. Some were chromium shadowed at a 30 degree angle. The sections were then examined in a Phillips 300 TEM at 60kv.Carbon coating (C) or carbon coating with chrom shadowing (C-Ch) makes in effect, single stage replicas of the surfaces of the sections and thus allows the damage in the surfaces to be observable in the TEM. Figure 1 (see key to figures) shows the bottom side of a diamond knife section, carbon self-shadowed and chrom shadowed perpendicular to the cutting direction. Very fine knife marks and surface damage can be observed.

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Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135241 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

J.D. Shelburne ◽

G.M. Roomans

Keyword(s):

Carbon Coating ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Point Of View ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Sweat Test ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Tissue Preparation ◽

X Ray ◽

Gallbladder Stones ◽

Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

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Assessment of Amorphous Carbon Coating for Artificial Joints Application

Tribology Transactions ◽

10.1080/05698190590927424 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 190-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

O. O. Ajayi ◽

B. Shi ◽

M. J. Soppet ◽

A. Erdemir ◽

H. Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Carbon ◽

Carbon Coating ◽

Artificial Joints

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Effect of Carbon Coating on the Properties of Gamma Irradiated Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Specimens

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v28.i34.160 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (3-4) ◽

pp. 445-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Debi P. Mukherjee ◽

Alan L. Ogden ◽

R. H. Mayeux ◽

U. Siriwardane ◽

H. R. Patel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Carbon Coating ◽

Gamma Irradiated ◽

Ultra High Molecular Weight

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Carbon Coating for Electron Beam Testing and Focus Ion Beam Reconfiguration

ISTFA 1996: Conference Proceedings from the 22nd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0333 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

P. Perdu ◽

G. Perez ◽

M. Dupire ◽

B. Benteo

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Carbon Coating ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Sacrificial Layer ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Electrical Characterization ◽

Fault Analysis ◽

Voltage Contrast ◽

The Right

Abstract To debug ASIC we likely use accurate tools such as an electron beam tester (Ebeam tester) and a Focused Ion Beam (FIB). Interactions between ions or electrons and the target device build charge up on its upper glassivation layer. This charge up could trigger several problems. With Ebeam testing, it sharply decreases voltage contrast during Image Fault Analysis and hide static voltage contrast. During ASIC reconfiguration with FIB, it could induce damages in the glassivation layer. Sample preparation is getting a key issue and we show how we can deal with it by optimizing carbon coating of the devices. Coating is done by an evaporator. For focused ion beam reconfiguration, we need a very thick coating. Otherwise the coating could be sputtered away due to imaging. This coating is use either to avoid charge-up on glassivated devices or as a sacrificial layer to avoid short circuits on unglassivated devices. For electron beam Testing, we need a very thin coating, we are now using an electrical characterization method with an insitu control system to obtain the right thin thickness. Carbon coating is a very cheap and useful method for sample preparation. It needs to be tuned according to the tool used.

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Friction of Pyrolytic Carbon Coating Prepared by Gradient CVD on Medical Carbon/Carbon Composites Surface

Journal of Inorganic Materials ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1077.2012.00545 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 545-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin-Ye NI ◽

Xiao-Bin TANG ◽

Tao LIN ◽

Chang-Ran GENG ◽

Lei-Ming CAI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Coating ◽

Pyrolytic Carbon ◽

Carbon Composites

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End of life plastics to enhance sustainability of pavement construction utilizing a hybrid treatment of bio-oil and carbon coating

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 278 ◽

pp. 122444

Author(s):

Sk Faisal Kabir ◽

Suja Sukumaran ◽

Sara Moghtadernejad ◽

Ehsan Barjasteh ◽

Elham H. Fini

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Carbon Coating ◽

Hybrid Treatment ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Pavement Construction

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Mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting for sheet combination of 780-MPa high-strength steel and aluminium alloy A5052 sheets and durability on salt spray test of joints

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-020-06545-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 (1-2) ◽

pp. 59-72

Author(s):

Yohei Abe ◽

Ken-ichiro Mori

Keyword(s):

Aluminium Alloy ◽

High Strength Steel ◽

Salt Spray ◽

High Strength ◽

Alloy Sheet ◽

Galvanized Steel ◽

Load Reduction ◽

Minimum Thickness ◽

Steel Sheets ◽

Mechanical Clinching

AbstractTo increase the usage of high-strength steel and aluminium alloy sheets for lightweight automobile body panels, the joinability of sheet combinations including a 780-MPa high-strength steel and an aluminium alloy A5052 sheets by mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting was investigated for different tool shapes in an experiment. All the sheet combinations except for the two steel sheets by self-pierce riveting, i.e., the two steel sheets, the two aluminium alloy sheets, and the steel-aluminium alloy sheets, were successfully joined by both the joining methods without the gaps among the rivet and the sheets. Then, to show the durability of the joined sheets, the corrosion behaviour and the joint strength of the aged sheets by a salt spray test were measured. The corrosion and the load reduction of the clinched and the riveted two aluminium alloy sheets were little. The corrosion of the clinched two steel sheets without the galvanized layer progressed, and then the load after 1176 h decreased by 85%. In the clinched two galvanized steel sheets, the corrosion progress slowed down by 24%. In the clinched steel and aluminium alloy sheets, the thickness reduction occurred near the minimum thickness of the upper sheet and in the upper surface on the edge of the lower aluminium alloy sheet, whereas the top surface of the upper sheet and the upper surface of the lower sheet were mainly corroded in the riveted joint. The load reduction was caused by the two thickness reductions, i.e., the reduction in the minimum thickness of the upper sheet and the reduction in the flange of the aluminium alloy sheet. Although the load of the clinched steel without the galvanized coating layer and aluminium alloy sheets decreased by about 20%, the use of the galvanized steel sheet brought the decrease by about 11%. It was found that the use of the galvanized steel sheets is effective for the decrease of strength reduction due to corrosion.

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