scholarly journals Strain resolution of scanning electron microscopy based Kossel microdiffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bouscaud ◽  
A. Morawiec ◽  
R. Pesci ◽  
S. Berveiller ◽  
E. Patoor
Keyword(s):  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Kossel Technique ◽  
Strain Determination ◽  
Scanning Electron

Kossel microdiffraction in a scanning electron microscope enables determination of local elastic strains. With Kossel patterns recorded by a CCD camera and some automation of the strain determination process, this technique may become a convenient tool for analysis of strains. As for all strain determination methods, critical for the applicability of the Kossel technique is its strain resolution. The resolution was estimated in a number of ways: from the simplest tests based on simulated patterns (of an Ni alloy), through analysis of sharp experimental patterns of Ge, to estimates obtained byin situtensile straining of single crystals of the Ni-based superalloy. In the latter case, the results were compared with those of conventional X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based Kossel diffraction. In the case of high-quality Ge patterns, a resolution of 1 × 10−4was reached for all strain tensor components; this corresponds to a stress of about 10 MPa. With relatively diffuse patterns from the strained Ni-based superalloy, under the assumption of plane stress, the strain and stress resolutions were 3 × 10−4and 60 MPa, respectively. Experimental and computational conditions for achieving these resolutions are described. The study shows potential perspectives and limits of the applicability of semiautomatic Kossel microdiffraction as a method of local strain determination.

Measuring the Thin Film Strain Tensor Near Aluminum Grain Boundaries via a New Image Processing Approach to CBED HOLZ Patterns

1999 ◽  
Vol 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Inoue ◽  
A. F. Schwartzman ◽  
L. B. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Spread Function ◽  
Present Technique

AbstractHOLZ lines formed in a CBED pattern provide the most accurate means to measure a local strain tensor with high spatial resolution over mesoscopic length scales. With the advent of energy-filtering in a field-emission TEM, the precision of this measurement increases by filtering out the inelastically scattered electrons. This paper presents an alternate approach to obtaining the same increased precision by image processing of CBED patterns formed in a conventional LaB6 microscope. This technique results in the determination of the full strain tensor within ±0.01%. It is based on developing a Wiener filter for CBED patterns, deconvoluting the point spread function of the CCD camera, using the Hough transform to measure distances between HOLZ line intersections, and subtracting out an experimentally determined projector lens distortion. The present technique has been used to measure the strain tensor for the two types of grain boundaries found in MBE grown Al thin films on Si which have the mazed bicrystal microstructure.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

Thermal Cycling Treatment and Structural Changes in Cu-Al-Ni Monocrystalline Alloys

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jorge C. Silva ◽  
L.A. Matlakhova ◽  
E.C. Pereira ◽  
A.N. Matlakhov ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Cycling Treatment ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cycles

In the present work a monocrystalline Cu-13.5Al-4Ni (wt.%) alloy with shape memory effect (SME) submitted to thermal cycling inside the critical range was investigated in terms of number of cycles and resulting structural changes. Attention was paid to the structural changes associated with reversible β1↔γ’1 martensite transformation. The monocrystalline Cu-Al-Ni alloy was produced in Russia, according to a specific technology. The structural characteristic of the alloys was studied through optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods using Cu-Kα radiation. Differential scanning calorimetry permitted the determination of the temperature range as well as a thermal effect due to the β1↔γ’1 martensitic reversible transformations, before and after 100, 200 and 300 thermal cycles.

Study of an Energetic-oxidant Co-crystal: Preparation, Characterisation, and Crystallisation Mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Gazi Hao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>An energetic co-crystal consisting of the most promising military explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and the most well-known oxidant applied in propellants ammonium perchlorate has been prepared with a simple solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of co-crystal differs greatly from each component. The X-ray diffraction spectrum, FTIR, Raman spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry characterisation further prove the formation of the co-crystal. The result of determination of hygroscopic rate indicated the hygroscopicity was effectively reduced. At last, the crystallisation mechanism has been discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Strain measurement in heteroepitaxial layers—Silicon on sapphire

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad Vreeland
Keyword(s):  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Silicon Film ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Layers

An x-ray diffraction technique is presented for the determination of the strain tensor in an epitaxial layer grown on a crystallographically distinct substrate. The technique utilizes different diffracting planes in the layer and in a reference crystal fixed to the layer, and is illustrated by application to an ∼4000 Å (001) silicon layer grown on a (01$\overline 1$2 sapphire wafer. The principal strains were measured, and the measured strain normal to the layer was found to agree with the normal strain calculated from the measured in-plane strains within the experimental uncertainty of strain measurement. The principal stresses in the plane of the silicon film, calculated from the measured strains were −0.92 ± 0.16 GPa in the [100] direction and −0.98 ± 0.17 GPa in the [010] direction.

Determination of the Regional Function of the Heart

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evren U. Azeloglu ◽  
Glenn R. Gaudette ◽  
Irvin B. Krukenkamp ◽  
Fu-Pen Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Speckle Interferometry ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Regional Function

Unlike many other engineering designs, the heart, a pressure vessel, shows variations within its chambers and surface in terms of mechanical function. This necessitates a whole field technique with high spatial resolution. Computer aided speckle interferometry (CASI), a nondestructive examination technique, is herein developed for this purpose. A speckle pattern was created on the surface of isolated rabbit hearts. Images of the beating hearts werc acquired with a charge-couple device (CCD) camera for one second at a rate of 50 frames per second. CASI was used to determine the 2-D displacement vectors over regions of approximately 4 × 6 mm. Regional area stroke work (the integral of the left ventricular pressure with respect to area), the first invariant of the 2-D strain tensor, and the principle strains were used to determine the regional function. After occluding the blood supply to a region of the heart, significant changes were detected in all the previously mentioned parameters. Commonly used techniques cannot determine 2-D strain and lack the high spatial resolution of CASI. Determination of the 2-D strain can provide useful data on the functionality of the heart.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Isothermal Section of the B-Cr-Fe Phase Diagram at 1353 K

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Homolová ◽  
Lucia Čiripová
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Section ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coexisting Phases ◽  
Scanning Electron

The isothermal section of the B-Cr-Fe ternary system was studied experimentally at 1353 K. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDX analyzer were used for determination of phase equilibria and composition of the coexisting phases in the B-Cr-Fe model alloys after long-term annealing (1500–2205 h). Two iron borides FeB and Fe2B, six chromium borides Cr2B, Cr5B3, CrB, Cr3B4, CrB2, and CrB4 and also iron and chromium solid solutions (α(Fe,Cr), α(Cr,Fe), γ(Fe,Cr)) and β-rhombohedral B were observed in the alloys. High solubilities of the third element in binary borides and no ternary phase were found. Based on the experimental results, isothermal section of the B-Cr-Fe system at 1353 K was determined.

scholarly journals Magnetic nanowires (Fe, Fe-Co, Fe-Ni) – magnetic moment reorientation in respect of wires composition

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Kalska-Szostko ◽  
Urszula Wykowska ◽  
Dariusz Satuła
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Magnetic nanowires of Fe, Fe-Co, and Fe-Ni alloy and layered structure were prepared by electrochemical alternating current (AC) deposition method. The morphology of the nanowires in and without the matrix was studied by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The wires either show strong dependence on the combination of elements deposition (alloy or layered) or chemical composition (Co or Ni). The magnetic properties of the nanostructures were determined on the basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS).

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