Globalization and reluctant buyers

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taewon Suh ◽  
Ik‐Whan G. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Foreign Product ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Us ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Product Judgment

This study attempted to empirically test a debatable hypothesis that globalization entails homogenization in consumers’ mind and behavior. Using samples from two countries (USA, n = 120 and Korea, n= 128), this study explored a path model centered on consumers’ reluctance to purchase foreign goods. The findings indicated that, in the US sample only, consumer ethnocentrism plays a mediating role between global openness and the reluctance to buy, although it is on the decrease with the increasing level of global openness. Consumer ethnocentrism is still an important factor in determining the magnitude of reluctance to buy a foreign product in both samples, while product judgment also plays an important role, but only in a certain cultural context (i.e. the USA). It is concluded, therefore, that consumers in a different culture, who are different in their attitudes and perceptions, tastes and preferences, and values, are still different even after being exposed to the massive wave of globalization.

Consumer ethnocentrism on product judgment and willingness to buy: A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongxing Guo ◽  
Xing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Foreign Product ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Product Judgment

We undertook the first meta-analysis on the effects of consumer ethnocentrism on product judgment and willingness to buy. We synthesized the results of 60 studies (effect size) with a total sample size of 15,585. The meta-analysis confirms that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive influence on domestic product judgment and willingness to buy, while it has a negative influence on foreign product judgment but not on willingness to buy foreign product. The results also demonstrate that the effects of consumer ethnocentrism on domestic versus foreign product judgment and on willingness to buy domestic versus foreign product are moderated by economic development (developed market vs. developing market), cultural context (eastern culture vs. western culture) and sample type (general consumers vs. student consumers). Our research offers implications, including that domestic enterprises should emphasize that their brands and products are local and indigenous to increase ethnocentric consumers' quality judgment and willingness to buy.

Millennial social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy: a comparative entrepreneurship study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-43
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Juanita Trusty ◽  
Tatiana Goroshnikova ◽  
Louise Kelly ◽  
Kwok K. Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Comparative Entrepreneurship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose and test predictors of millennials’ social entrepreneurial intent (SEI), mediating mechanisms and influential contextual factors. Design/methodology/approach This study includes survey data from 1,890 respondents, 315 each from China, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Russia and the USA. Findings Empirical results show that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SESE) mediated the relationship between perseverance and proactive personality and the dependent variable SEI in all six countries. Life satisfaction positively moderated this relationship among US students and negatively moderated it among Chinese students. In China dissatisfaction appears to enhance SEI, while in the US satisfaction appears to do so. Originality/value This paper identifies the mediating role of SESE and the moderating role of life satisfaction when explaining SEI, as well as providing data from millennials in six countries.

Performance Evaluations for Individual Employees in Japan Are Low Relative to the US But May Change Over Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Uchida ◽  
Masataka Nakayama ◽  
Yukiko Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
European American ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Japanese Study ◽  
The Us ◽  
Performance Based Pay ◽  
And Behavior

Causal attributions help us explain behavior but vary according to cultural context. As Japan’s remuneration systems move away from seniority-based- towards individual performance-based-pay we wanted to test whether such changes would influence attributing contribution and reward in the workplace (remuneration psychology and behavior). After reading a workplace vignette, Japanese (Study 1 n = 197; Study 2 n = 235) and European American (Study 1 n = 201; Study 2 n = 186) participants attributed contribution and rewards (financial and status) to an individual employee, the team, management, owners and shareholders or luck. Japanese participants attributed greater contribution to luck than European American participants (Study 1), which was moderated by age such that older Japanese attributed greater contribution to luck than younger (Study 2). Testing workplace emotional beliefs (Study 2) suggests concern for workplace social harmony may explain these cross-cultural and within-culture generation effects.

scholarly journals Light and mild redux: heated tobacco products’ reduced exposure claims are likely to be misunderstood as reduced risk claims

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s87-s95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Popova ◽  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Reduced Risk

IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are being marketed in several countries around the world with claims that they are less harmful than combusted cigarettes, based on assertions that they expose users to lower levels of toxicants. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 seeking authorisation to market its HTPs, IQOS, with reduced risk and reduced exposure claims.MethodsWe examined the PMI’s Perception and Behavior Assessment Studies evaluating perceptions of reduced risk claims that were submitted to the FDA and made publicly available.ResultsQualitative and quantitative studies conducted by PMI demonstrate that adult consumers in the USA perceive reduced exposure claims as reduced risk claims.ConclusionThe data in the PMI modified risk tobacco product IQOS application do not support reduced risk claims and the reduced exposure claims are perceived as reduced risk claims, which is explicitly prohibited by the FDA. Allowing PMI to promote IQOS as reduced exposure would amount to a legally sanctioned repeat of the ‘light’ and ‘mild’ fraud which, for conventional cigarettes, is prohibited by the US law and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

Measurement Invariance of a Universal Behavioral Screener Across Samples From the USA and Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Casale ◽  
Robert J. Volpe ◽  
Brian Daniels ◽  
Thomas Hennemann ◽  
Amy M. Briesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Universal Screener ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. The current study examines the item and scalar equivalence of an abbreviated school-based universal screener that was cross-culturally translated and adapted from English into German. The instrument was designed to assess student behavior problems that impact classroom learning. Participants were 1,346 K-6 grade students from the US (n = 390, Mage = 9.23, 38.5% female) and Germany (n = 956, Mage = 8.04, 40.1% female). Measurement invariance was tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) across students from the US and Germany. Results support full scalar invariance between students from the US and Germany (df = 266, χ2 = 790.141, Δχ2 = 6.9, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, ΔCFI = 0.000, RMSEA = 0.052, ΔRMSEA = −0.003) indicating that the factor structure, the factor loadings, and the item thresholds are comparable across samples. This finding implies that a full cross-cultural comparison including latent factor means and structural coefficients between the US and the German version of the abbreviated screener is possible. Therefore, the tool can be used in German schools as well as for cross-cultural research purposes between the US and Germany.

Sanctions of the USA and the Policy of Bank of Russia:double Blow to the National Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glazyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption ◽  
The Eu

This article examines fundamental questions of monetary policy in the context of challenges to the national security of Russia in connection with the imposition of economic sanctions by the US and the EU. It is proved that the policy of the Russian monetary authorities, particularly the Central Bank, artificially limiting the money supply in the domestic market and pandering to the export of capital, compounds the effects of economic sanctions and plunges the economy into depression. The article presents practical advice on the transition from external to domestic sources of long-term credit with the simultaneous adoption of measures to prevent capital flight.

Possibility of Using in Russia the Experience of LED Lighting Application at the USA Airfields

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Vorozhikhin ◽  
Eugenia L. Moreva ◽  
Vladimir G. Starovoytov ◽  
Igor G. Tyutyunnik
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
Lighting Application

The purpose of this paper is an investigation of LEDs illumination experience at US-based aerodromes with an assessment of its feasibility and its necessity in Russia. The following methods were used: the analysis of aerodrome lighting requirements; the review and the analysis of development features in aerodrome LEDs illumination; the experience analysis of LEDs illumination of US-based aerodromes; the deductive analysis and the assessment synthesis of feasibility and necessity of US experience in LEDs illumination at Russian-based aerodromes. The following results were achieved: – The analysis of issues and opportunities was conducted for development of LEDs illumination at US-based aerodromes and of American experts’ recommendations for its use; – The cases were taken for use and assessment of development in LEDs illumination at US-based aerodromes; – The review and the analysis were conducted in relation to a developing market of LEDs illumination at Russian-based aerodromes. The main conclusion is that the US experience will improve quality and reliability of service provided in air transportation, comfort, and safety of Russian flights, as well as competitiveness of Russian- based airports and airlines (indirectly).

Emigrant Psychoanalysts in the USA and the FBI Archives

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Nation

Interest in the fate of the German psychoanalysts who had to flee Hitler's Germany and find refuge in a new nation, such as the United States, has increased. The ‘émigré research’ shows that several themes recur: (1) the theme of ‘loss’ of one's culture, homeland, language, and family; and (2) the ambiva-lent welcome these émigrés received in their new country. We describe the political-social-cultural context that existed in the United States during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Documentary evidence found in the FBI files of three émigré psychoanalysts, Clara Happel, Martin Grotjahn, and Otto Fenichel, are then presented in combination with other source material. This provides a provisional impression of how each of these three individuals experienced their emigration. As such, it gives us elements of a history. The FBI documents suggest that the American atmosphere of political insecurity and fear-based ethnocentric nationalism may have reinforced their old fears of National Socialism, and contributed to their inclination to inhibit or seal off parts of them-selves and their personal histories in order to adapt to their new home and become Americanized. They abandoned the rich social, cultural, political tradition that was part of European psychoanalysis. Finally, we look at these elements of a history in order to ask a larger question about the appropriate balance between a liberal democratic government's right to protect itself from internal and external threats on the one hand, or crossover into the blatant invasion of civil rights and due process on the other.

Interaction of Ukrainian Diaspora and the USA Government Regarding Celebration of Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Halyna Shchyhelska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The United States ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Usa

2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of Ukrainian independence. OnJanuary 22, 1918, the Ukrainian People’s Republic proclaimed its independence by adopting the IV Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada, although this significant event was «wiped out» from the public consciousness on the territory of Ukraine during the years of the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, January 22 was a crucial event for the Ukrainian diaspora in the USA. This article examines how American Ukrainians interacted with the USA Government institutions regarding the celebration and recognition of the Ukrainian Independence day on January 22. The attention is focused on the activities of ethnic Ukrainians in the United States, directed at the organization of the special celebration of the Ukrainian Independence anniversaries in the US Congress and cities. Drawing from the diaspora press and Congressional Records, this article argues that many members of Congress participated in the observed celebration and expressed kind feelings to the Ukrainian people, recognised their fight for freedom, during the House of Representatives and Senate sessions. Several Congressmen submitted the resolutions in the US Congress urging the President of United States to designate January 22 as «Ukrainian lndependence Day». January 22 was proclaimed Ukrainian Day by the governors of fifteen States and mayors of many cities. Keywords: January 22, Ukrainian independence day, Ukrainian diaspora, USA, interaction, Congress

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