Corrosion performance and morphological analysis of activated zinc phosphate coating formed on steel surface

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdalla ◽  
Hussain Zuhailawati
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pretreatment Solution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of different concentrations of pretreatment solution of copper acetate (1, 5 and 10 g/L) on the deposition, growth and protection ability of zinc phosphate coating. Design/methodology/approach Zinc phosphate coatings were deposited on steel surface by immersion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the morphological evolution and chemical analysis of formed coatings. The electrochemical performance of the coatings was evaluated via potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion test in an aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. Findings The results showed that the activation treatment accelerated the deposition of the phosphate coating and improved its surface coverage. A higher phosphate coating weight (7.35 g/m2) and more compact structure was obtained with pretreatment solution of 1 g/L copper acetate. Electrochemical results revealed that the protection ability of the phosphated substrates was markedly enhanced after the pretreatment, and the best corrosion protection was obtained with a concentration of 1 g/L copper acetate solution. The corrosion current density of phosphated substrate was reduced by 64.9% after activation treatment with 1 g/L copper acetate solution. Originality/value In this investigation, dense, stable and compact zinc phosphate layers with improved corrosion resistance were formed on a carbon steel surface after activation pretreatment with copper acetate solution prior to a phosphating step.

Electrochemical behaviour of acetyl G as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sangeetha ◽  
S. Meenakshi ◽  
C. Sairam Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Green Inhibitor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mild Steel Surface

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl. Design/methodology/approach – A pharmaceutical drug acetyl G was investigated for its corrosion inhibition efficiency using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Findings – The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration. Results from polarisation studies revealed mixed type of inhibition. Impedance studies, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy confirm the adsorption of inhibitor on the mild steel surface. Research limitations/implications – The drug acetyl G has sulphur and nitrogen atoms which effectively block the corrosion of mild steel and is non-toxic and has good inhibition efficiency. Practical implications – This method provides an excellent, non-toxic and cost-effective material as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium. Originality/value – Application of this drug as a corrosion inhibitor has not been reported yet in the literature. Replacing the organic inhibitors, this green inhibitor shows excellent inhibition efficiency. This is adsorbed excellently on the mild steel surface due to the presence of long chain and hetero atoms. Thus, the drug retards the corrosion reaction.

Synthesis and anti-corrosion performance of C21H25NO on corrosion of N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
Yanhua Zhu ◽  
Liqiang Zhao ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Xiao Qu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solution ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Mannich Base ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
N80 Steel

Purpose In this work, a kind of Mannich base (C21H25NO) was synthesized with cinnamal aldehyde, acetophenone and diethylamine in a condensing reflux device based on the conventional method. Optimization of the inhibitor concentration was explored. Design/methodology/approach Spectral properties of this compound was investigated by FTIR, and its inhibition efficiency and mechanism on N80 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid solution were studied by weight loss measurement, electrochemical measurement (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface analytical measurement (scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer). Findings The results showed that the new inhibitor reduced the double-layer capacitance and increased the charge transfer resistance. The inhibition efficiency is 99.7% when the concentration of C21H25NO is 3%. The adsorption of C21H25NO on N80 steel surface in 20% HCl solution was found to be spontaneous and steady. Observed from the steel surface, an inhibition film was confirmed to be presented after adding inhibitor and successfully hindered the corrosive ions from reaching the bulk steel. Originality/value A new Mannich base (C21H25NO) was synthesized by cinnamal aldehyde, acetophenone and diethylamine for the corrosion prevention of N80 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid solution.

The anticorrosive performance of cost saving zeolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa M. Abd El-Gawad ◽  
Nivin M. Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed M. Selim ◽  
E. Hamed ◽  
Eglal R. Souaya
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anticorrosive Pigments ◽  
American Society

Purpose In recent years, zeolites have been highlighted as a new component in many industrial applications owing to their unique properties. The purpose of this study is to apply three prepared types of zeolites Na-X, Na-Y and hydroxysodalite (Na-HS) in anticorrosive paint formulations to be evaluated as a partial replacement to zinc phosphate in anticorrosive paint formulations to protect carbon steel. Design/methodology/approach The three types of zeolites were characterized using different instrumental analysis such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence. Evaluation of zeolites was done using American society for material and testing. Then, they were incorporated in paint formulations based on medium oil-modified soya-bean dehydrated castor oil alkyd resin in the presence and absence of zinc phosphate. Their corrosion behavior was estimated using both immersion test and electrochemical impedance measurements in 3.5% NaCl. Findings Generally, the prepared zeolites exhibited good corrosion protection performance, but in presence of zinc phosphate the performance was better. This proves that, zeolites by themselves can resist corrosion but not efficiently, while in presence of zinc phosphate and owing to a synergistic effect between them, the performance was better. This opens the way to partial replacement of zinc phosphate with another safer and cheaper ingredient, which is zeolite. Practical implications The three zeolites can be applied in many industries besides the paint industry, such as reinforcing filler in rubber, plastics and ceramic composites, also can be applied in paper filling, paper coatings and electrical insulation. Originality/value The three zeolites are environmentally friendly materials that can partially replace other expensive anticorrosive pigments (e.g. zinc phosphate).

The influence of hexamethylenetetramine on the structure and corrosion resistance of phosphate coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansan Li ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
Yanqin Chen ◽  
Jiawei Sun ◽  
Chunxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Coatings

Purpose This paper aims to report the influence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) on phosphate coatings formed on AZ31 magnesium alloys. Design/methodology/approach These phosphate coatings were obtained by immersing magnesium alloys in phosphate baths with HMTA. The morphology and composition of the phosphate coatings were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Findings The phosphate coatings were mainly composed of CaHPO4·2H2O. The HMTA concentration in the phosphate bath influenced the crystallization and corrosion resistance of the phosphate coating. Originality/value The polarization curve shows that the anti-corrosion qualities of the phosphate coating were optimal when the HMTA concentration was 1.0 g/L in the phosphate bath. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the electrochemical impedances increased gradually when the HMTA concentration varied from 1.0 to 3.0 g/L.

Pre-Treatment of Niobium Phosphate for Protection against Carbon Steel Corrosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
Osmar dos Reis Antunes Jr. ◽  
Larissa Aparecida Corrêa Matos ◽  
Larissa Oliveira Berbel ◽  
Claudia Schlindwein ◽  
Paulo Vitor Sochodolak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Niobium Phosphate

This work proposes the development of a niobium phosphate coating (PNb) to replace the zinc phosphating, which is very aggressive to the environment and human health. The metallic material utilized was carbon steel (SAE 1010), which was coated with sunbathing - gel containing phosphate and niobium. A traditional zinc phosphate coating was used for comparison of results. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (DES), open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization. The results demonstrated that the samples coated with niobium phosphate have more surface nobility and greater corrosion resistance.

Polyaniline based red oxide primer paint for efficient corrosion protection

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rajasekharan ◽  
P. Manisankar
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Anticorrosive Pigments ◽  
Better Than

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to introduce mechanochemically prepared polyaniline anticorrosive additives. In primer coating technology, there is an increasing interest in the development of efficient anticorrosive additives which replace the conventional inorganic anticorrosive pigments like heavy metal chromates and phosphates normally added to primer paints for the coating on metals. Conducting polymers are found to be better alternatives. Design/methodology/approach – Polyaniline phosphate is synthesized through solid-state conditions without using any solvent. The synthesized polyaniline phosphate is added in the primer formulation instead of zinc phosphate. Primers with different quantity of zinc phosphate are also formulated and studied for comparison. The comparison between their abilities to control corrosion of carbon steel were done with application of open-circuit potential monitoring, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. Findings – Corrosion studies indicate that polyaniline phosphate can improve corrosion protection properties by taking part the passivation processes. The performance of polyaniline phosphate is better than zinc phosphate. Originality/value – I certify that the results are from our original research and this paper is neither considered for publication elsewhere nor published previously.

Strengthened passivation and mechanism of 316L stainless steel in hot diluted sulfuric acid solution by connecting to Pd electrode

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhong Zhang ◽  
Yu Zuo ◽  
Pengfei Ju ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xuhui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
316 L Stainless Steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution, is helpful to understand the mechanisms of corrosion resistancethe of plated Pd on 316 L ss. Design/methodology/approach The variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution after connected to Pd electrode were studied with methods of potential monitor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) measurement. Findings By connecting to a Pd electrode, the potential of the SS sample increased from the active region to the passive region. By connecting to the Pd electrode, the contents of Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 in passive film increased obviously. With increased Pd/SS area ratio, the Cr(OH)3 content in passive film increased but the Fe3O4 content changed little. The results show that after connecting to Pd the corrosion resistance of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel increases obviously, which may be attributed to the more compact passive film because of higher Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 contents and less point defects in the film. Originality/value The effects and mechanism of Pd on passivation of SS was studied.

Corrosion protection performance of nano-TiO2-containing phosphate coatings obtained by anodic electrochemical treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav S. Kathavate ◽  
Nilesh S. Bagal ◽  
Pravin P. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Phosphate Coating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Coatings

AbstractThe efficacy of nano-TiO2-containing zinc phosphate coatings on low-carbon steel is investigated. Zinc phosphate coatings are electrodeposited on low-carbon steel (AISI 1015) keeping current density, deposition time and wt % nano-TiO2 at their respective levels. Corrosion protection performance of these coatings was assessed using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl electrolyte. The morphology, the composition and the growth process of the zinc phosphate coating is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD study reveals that the obtained phosphate layer contains traces of hopeite and phosphophylite. The formed zinc phosphate coating offers high corrosion protection in 3.5% NaCl solution, which is well supported by EIS studies. The presence of nano-TiO2 in the phosphate bath anticipated to offer a better surface coverage and reduction in porosity and forms more homogeneous coating, which is in agreement with the SEM studies. The optimization of the electrodeposition phosphating process for achieving better responses in terms of corrosion rate and coating resistance is addressed in this paper.

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