Gender and age differences in the relationship between calorie, macronutrients intake and growth status of school-aged Aboriginal children at Labu, Negeri Sembilan

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silambarasi Kuralneethi ◽  
Sarina Sariman ◽  
Vaidehi Ulaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between calorie and macronutrients intake and the growth status of Aboriginal children based on gender and age group.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional study participated by 85 school-aged Aboriginal children at Labu, Negeri Sembilan. The dietary intake and socioeconomic status data were collected from the parents using an interviewer administrated structured-questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. WHO AnthroPlus software was used to determine the z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ).FindingsThe mean fat intake was significantly higher among younger children (i.e. 7–9 years old) as compared to elder children (i.e. 10–12 years old) (40.7 ± 17.3 g vs 32.0 ± 13.8 g; t = 2.496, p = 0.015) but not for the mean intake of calorie (1816.1 ± 979.9 kcal vs 1566.3 ± 808.7 kcal; t = 1.248, p = 0.216), protein (50.13 ± 20.08 g vs 44.94 ± 16.45 g; t = 1.269, p = 0.208) and carbohydrates (198.0 ± 63.0 g vs 190.8 ± 66.1 g; t = 0.513, p = 0.609). The majority of the respondents did not meet recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for the calorie (65.9%) and fat (75.3%). A significantly higher proportion of elder children did not meet RNI for fat as compared to younger children (88.8% vs 65.3%; X2 = 6.21, p = 0.021). The HAZ showed that 28.2% (n = 24) of the Aboriginal children were stunted, while WAZ showed that 14.8% (n = 9) of the Aboriginal students were underweight, and 8.2% of them were overweight. Based on BAZ classification, 15.4% (n = 6) of boys and 2.2% (n = 1) of girls were overweight. There is no significant correlation between calories and macronutrients and growth status of the children.Originality/valueAlthough the under-nutrition status among Aboriginal children is still a highlighted issue, the few over-nutrition statuses among Aborigines should be taken into count, especially in term of energy and macronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Higher dietary diversity is related to better visual and auditory sustained attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Reza Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAttention is a complex cognitive function that is necessary for learning, for following social norms of behaviour and for effective performance of responsibilities and duties. It is especially important in sensitive occupations requiring sustained attention. Improvement of dietary diversity (DD) is recognised as an important factor in health promotion, but its association with sustained attention is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between auditory and visual sustained attention and DD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women aged 20–50 years who attended sports clubs at Tehran Municipality. Sustained attention was evaluated on the basis of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test using Integrated Visual and Auditory software. A single 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used for DD assessment. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined using the FAO guidelines. The mean visual and auditory sustained attention scores were 40·2 (sd35·2) and 42·5 (sd38), respectively. The mean DDS was 4·7 (sd1·5). After adjusting for age, education years, physical activity, energy intake and BMI, mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (P=0·001). In addition, the mean subscales of attention, including auditory consistency and vigilance, visual persistence, visual and auditory focus, speed, comprehension and full attention, increased significantly with increasing DDS (P<0·05). In conclusion, higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention.

Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern in female adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asal Neshatbini Tehrani ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Amin Salehpour ◽  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Azita Hekmatdoost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
The Mean

PurposeTo the best of our knowledge, the studies on determining adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Iran as a non-Mediterranean country are scarce. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the adherence to the MDP in a sample of female adolescents who are residents of Tehran, Iran.Design/methodology/approachIn this cross-sectional study, 263 female adolescents aged 15-18 years were studied. Information on socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Also, dietary intakes were determined using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to MDP was characterized using Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS).FindingsTypically, the mean ± SD MSDPS was low in the present study (15.9 ± 5.6). The mean ± SD age and body mass index of the study population was 16.2 ± 0.9 years and 22.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. In this study, the maximum MSDPS was 34.3, which was only one-third of maximum possible score (100). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that higher MSDPS scores were positively associated with age (standardizedβ= 0.1;p= 0.006), higher energy intake (standardizedβ= 0.2;p< 0.001) and marginally higher physical activity (standardizedβ= 0.1;p= 0.079).Originality/valueUnderstanding low adherence to MDP in Tehranian female adolescents can provide basic knowledge to launch systematic programmes for gravitation toward MDP.

Youth violence and mental health: repeating exposures

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ángel Oscós-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discover and describe salient repeating and less common features of the recent medical literature about youth violence as it relates to mental health. How the relationship between youth violence and mental health is commonly conceptualized, investigated, and reported is summarized. Negative cases, unique approaches, and concepts are discussed. Design/methodology/approach An Ovid Medline literature search was conducted with the search parameters of “adolescent and violence” and “psychiatry or psychology or mental health.” In total, 66 articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using grounded theory procedures and techniques. Findings In all, 49 articles were reports of original research, 14 were literature reviews, and three were editorials. The articles included discussions of youth violence and mental health among young people in 49 countries. Most original research used cross-sectional designs that tested and supported the core hypothesis that greater exposure to violence is associated with more mental health issues. The relationship is robust even though characterizations of “exposure to violence” and “mental health” were highly variable. Meta-analytic and intervention studies were rare. Originality/value The core feature of the last decade of medical research has been the repeated testing and confirmation that a relationship between exposure to violence and mental health exists. Future youth violence research should move beyond continuing to test this hypothesis with cross-sectional study designs.

The Correlation Between Arterial Lactate and Venous Lactate in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongdhep Theerawit ◽  
Chalermpon Na Petvicharn ◽  
Viratch Tangsujaritvijit ◽  
Yuda Sutherasan
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Applying peripheral venous lactate instead of arterial lactate in clinical practice is questionable because of deviation between both values. We aimed to find the relationship between the arterial lactate and the peripheral venous lactate before reasoned that the venous lactate could be used in substitution to the arterial lactate in sepsis. Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study at a university hospital. The patients with sepsis in ICU who required lactate level monitoring were enrolled in this research. The correlation and agreement between arterial lactate (A-LACT) and peripheral venous lactate (V-LACT) were the primary outcomes. Results: A total of 63 paired samples were collected. The A-LACT and V-LACT were strongly correlated ( r = .934, P < .0001, r2 = .873). The regression equation was A-LACT = (0.934 × V-LACT) − 0.236. The mean difference between V-LACT and A-LACT was 0.66 ± 1.53 mmol/L. The 95% limits of agreement were between −3.66 and 2.33 mmol/L. The V-LACT ≥ 4 mmol/L can predict A-LACT level ≥ 4 mmol/L with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.948. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a strong correlation between A-LACT and V-LACT, but an agreement between both parameters was poor. We suggest not to use the V-LACT in substitution to the A-LACT in sepsis regarding the absolute value and clearance rate, but the V-LACT ≥ 4.5 mmol/L may be used for predicting the A-LACT ≥ 4 mmol/L.

The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizuniah Pangil ◽  
Joon Moi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The limited proximal communication between virtual team members can create a lack of trust among members which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of these teams. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness by looking into the mediating effect of knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach – This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a multinational company in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to individuals working in a virtual environment. The questionnaire required the respondents to answer questions regarding three different types of trust (i.e. personality-based trust, institutional-based trust and cognitive-based trust), their knowledge sharing behavior, and their evaluation of the effectiveness of the virtual teams that they are involved with. Findings – Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that knowledge sharing and all the three types of trust are significantly related to virtual team effectiveness. However, only personality-based trust and institutional-based trust are significantly related to knowledge sharing, but knowledge sharing only partially mediates the relationship between these two types of trust and team effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – The population of this study are virtual teams working for an organization, hence the generalizability of the findings to other settings is unknown. Originality/value – Trust has been founded to be a significant predictor of virtual team effectiveness. However, this paper shows the effect of different types of trust and the role of knowledge sharing in mediating the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness.

Relationship between resilience and personality traits in paramedics

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Froutan ◽  
Reza Mazlom ◽  
Javad Malekzadeh ◽  
Amir Mirhaghi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Resilience can be of assistance to paramedics in order to maintain their own mental balance in stressful work environments. Since it is not well defined which personality traits are correlated with resilience in these personnel, the purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between personality traits and levels of resilience. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted on paramedics in Eastern Iran through field research. The study participants were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments included NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The data obtained were also analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) through the SPSS 16.0 software. Findings A total of 252 paramedics with a mean age of 28.9±5.1 years participated in this study. The personality traits of neuroticism (r=−0.24), openness to experience (r=−0.22), and agreeableness (r=−0.18) were significantly correlated with resilience. In contrast, extraversion (r=0.26) and conscientiousness (r=0.32) were in a significant relationship with resilience. In this respect, the given personality traits could account for 31.5 percent of changes in resilience. Research limitations/implications It was concluded that the paramedics with lower scores of neuroticism had higher levels of resilience and they could similarly show better compliance with their work conditions in stressful situations and consequently maintain their mental health. Practical implications It is recommended to conduct psychological examinations of personality traits in recruitment and selection stages of medical emergency personnel and to implement psychological interventions for those medical emergency staff with the personality trait of neuroticism. Social implications Resilient paramedics may also perceive less stress and it may be negatively associated with burnout. Originality/value The study examined the relationship between personality traits and resiliency in order to clarifying recruitment criteria in emergency medical services.

Does managerial personality influence pricing practices under uncertainty?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kienzler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose While marketing and management research suggests that managers’ individual characteristics influence pricing decisions, the influence of personality traits in this context remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between the five basic personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness and neuroticism) and three basic pricing practices (value-, competition- and cost-informed). Design/methodology/approach On the basis of a non-experimental decision-making scenario, the analysis examines the pricing decisions of 57 managers in relation to a new business service. Findings The results suggest that managers’ conscientiousness and openness to experience are positively related to preference for value-informed pricing. Similarly, managers’ agreeableness is positively related to preference for competition-informed pricing and managers’ openness to experience and agreeableness are positively related to preference for cost-informed pricing. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional study design does not support causal inference, and the modest sample size may limit the external validity of the findings. Practical implications By increasing awareness of the influence of personality on pricing preferences, the findings are of relevance to managers who are directly involved in pricing decisions. Additionally, the findings are informative for managers who must assign responsibility for pricing authority within firms. Originality/value This empirical exploration of the relationship between certain personality traits and specific pricing practices contributes to the literature on psychological aspects of pricing theory by showing how managerial personality influences pricing preferences under uncertainty.

scholarly journals The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmiye Özdilek ◽  
Yılda Arzu Aba ◽  
Sena Dilek Aksoy ◽  
Bulat Aytek Şık ◽  
Yaşam Kemal Akpak
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the adaptation of pregnant women to the recommended weight gain range according to body mass index (BMI) and to determine the factors affecting them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital’s obstetrics and gynecology unit (tertiary center) in Turkey. This study was conducted between March 2018 and August 2018 (6 months) in pregnant women. Pregnant women with chronic disease and receiving treatment during antenatal follow-up, with twin pregnancy, with a fetus with a congenital abnormality, and nutritional disturbance were excluded from the study. Eight hundred twelve pregnant women with normal antenatal follow-up and who volunteered to participate were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.66±5.05 years. The mean weight and BMI before pregnancy were near standard in all participants. The group with the highest rate of recommended weight gain according to BMI before pregnancy was the group with low weight pregnant women. The ideal weight gain rate in all groups was 32%. Conclusions: The groups with overweight and obese pregnant women according to BMI before pregnancy had the highest rates of weight gain, above the recommended limits. BMI before pregnancy directly affects weight gain during pregnancy and the importance of pre-pregnancy counseling and weight loss is emphasized once again. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 How to cite this:Ozdilek R, Aba YA, Aksoy SD, Sik BA, Akpak YK. The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals TL 18165 - Relationship between lower limb dysmetria and plantar fasciitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽  
pp. 96S
Author(s):  
Henrique Mansur ◽  
Guilherme Gonçalves Feijó Carvalho ◽  
Isnar Moreira de Castro Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcaneal Spur ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory process of multifactorial etiology that affects the origin of the plantar fascia and surrounding structures. A difference in length between lower limbs is relatively common within the population and can sometimes cause changes in biomechanics and symptoms. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between lower limb dysmetria and plantar fasciitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to measure the length of the lower limbs by scanometry in patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. Other risk factors, such as body mass index, foot shape and the presence of plantar calcaneal spur, were also assessed in foot radiographs. Results: Of the 54 patients included in the study, 44.4% were men, and the mean age was 50.38 (23-73 years); 81.5% had pain in one foot, and 53.7% had feet that were considered plantigrade. We observed dysmetria in 88.9% of the sample, with a mean of 0.749 cm (SD ±0.63). In addition, 46.3% feet with pain showed calcaneal spurs on the radiographs. Conclusion: Approximately 90% of patients showed lower-limb dysmetria and, in most cases, the side with the shorter limb was affected by plantar fasciitis

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