scholarly journals Contraceptive prevalence and factors influencing utilization among women in Pakistan: a focus on gender-based violence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Neal
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based

PurposeIn this study, the authors determined the prevalence of contraceptive use among Pakistani women and assessed factors influencing the utilization of contraception with a particular focus on the experience of gender-based violence.Design/methodology/approachThe dataset used in this study was the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2018, which includes married women only. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the association between contraceptive use and a number of explanatory variables including experience of gender-based violence.FindingsFrom 2006 to 2018, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) and the use of modern contraceptive methods increased slowly. The findings of this study demonstrated that higher educational level and wealth index increased the likelihood of contraceptive uptake and the use of modern contraception. Media exposure to family planning and spousal communication were protective factors that encouraged women to use contraception, including modern contraception, to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Women who experienced gender-based violence (GBV) were more likely to use contraception than women who did not experience GBV.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of secondary data limited the variety of important variable that should be investigated including knowledge of women on SRH, the attitude of women toward SRH and family planning, the skills of a healthcare provider on counseling family planning, and other barrier variables such as transportation and willingness to pay for contraceptive methods. 10;The sensitivity of the topic is considered as another challenge when collecting data. Women might be hesitant to share about their GBV experience. The experience to GBV is also hard to define and depends on the feeling of each person, especially emotional violence.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the very few studies to examine the association between GBV and contraceptive use, and thus is valuable in opening up debate about the links between these two factors.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of contraceptive use and discontinuation among women with an unmet need for modern contraception in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ontiri ◽  
Lilian Mutea ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Mark Kabue ◽  
Regien Biesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background Addressing the unmet need for modern contraception underpins the goal of all family planning and contraception programs. Contraceptive discontinuation among those in need of a method hinders the attainment of the fertility desires of women, which may result in unintended pregnancies. This paper presents experiences of contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentions to use modern contraceptives. Methods Qualitative data were collected in two rural counties in Kenya in 2019 from women with unmet need for contraception who were former modern contraceptive users. Additional data was collected from male partners of some of the women interviewed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions explored previous experience with contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentionality to use. Following data collection, digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Results Use of modern contraception to prevent pregnancy and plan for family size was a strong motivator for uptake of contraceptives. The contraceptive methods used were mainly sourced from public health facilities though adolescents got them from the private sector. Reasons for discontinued use included side effects, method failure, peer influence, gender-based violence due to covert use of contraceptives, and failure within the health system. Five reasons were provided for those not willing to use in the future: fear of side effects, cost of contraceptive services, family conflicts over the use of modern contraceptives, reduced need, and a shift to traditional methods. Conclusion This study expands the literature by examining reasons for contraceptive discontinuation and future intentionality to use among women in need of contraception. The results underscore the need for family planning interventions that incorporate quality of care in service provision to address contraceptive discontinuation. Engaging men and other social influencers in family planning programs and services will help garner support for contraception, rather than focusing exclusively on women. The results of this study can inform implementation of family planning programs in Kenya and beyond to ensure they address the concerns of former modern contraception users.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Uprety ◽  
I S Poudel ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
M Poudel ◽  
S Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods. 

scholarly journals The effect of Women’s decision-making autonomy on family Planning acces in Senegal in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Sougou ◽  
O Bassoum ◽  
M M M M Leye ◽  
A Tal-Dia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of access to decision-making on women’s health in the choice of fertility control has been highlighted by research. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of access to decision-making for women’s health on access to family planning in Senegal in 2017. Methods The analyses of this study had been done on the Individual Records file of Senegal’s Demographic Health Survey 2017. This data covered 8865 women aged 15 to 49 years. The propensity scores matching method had been done. The variable access to the decision was considered as the variable of interest. Matching was done using variables that were not modified by the effect of the treatment. These were religion and socio-economic level. The outcome variables were modern contraceptive use, the existence of unmet needs and the type of modern contraceptive method used. Significance was at 5%. The condition of common support had been respected. The analysis was done with the STATA.15 software. Results Six percent (6.26%) of women could decide about their health on their own. Access to decision-making increased significantly with the woman’s age (p < 0.05). Fifteen percent (15.24%) women used a modern contraceptive method. Women using a contraceptive method were more numerous in the group with access to decision-making (29.43%) with a significant difference with the other group of 8% (p < 0.05). After matching, there was no significant difference between women in terms of modern contraceptive use and the existence of unmet needs. There was a significant difference in the type of contraceptive method used between the two groups of women. These differences were 23.17% for Intra Uterine Device, 52.98% for injections, 08.9% for implants and 10.79% for condoms. Conclusions Access to decision-making for health would facilitate women’s access to long-acting contraceptive methods. These findings show the importance of implementing gender transformative interventions in improving access to family planning. Key messages Access to decision-making for health would allow better access to modern contraceptive methods, especially those with a long duration of action. Better consideration of gender disparity reduction could improve access to family planning in Senegal.

scholarly journals Migration and family planning in the state with highest total fertility rate in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhubhusan Mahapatra ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Raman Mishra ◽  
Monika Walia ◽  
Saradiya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study examined the relationship between male out-migration and family planning (FP) behaviour of women in rural Bihar. Methods Data was collected from 937 currently married women aged 15–34 years from two districts of Bihar, namely Nawada and Gopalganj. Respondents were selected through a multi-stage systematic sampling and were recruited from both low and high male out-migration blocks. Differences in FP outcomes—use of modern contraceptive methods, intention to use contraceptives in next 12 months and access to FP services—were assessed by volume of migration, husband’s migration status, frequency of return, and duration of husband’s stay at home during visits. Results Women with migrant husbands were about 50% less likely to use modern contraceptive methods. Further, the odds of using modern contraceptives was about half among women with migrant husbands if they resided in high out-migration areas (HMA) than low out-migration areas (LMA) (15% vs 29%, AOR: 0·50, p = 0·017). A higher proportion of women with migrant husbands, specifically from HMA, reported greater intention of using contraceptives in next 12 months than their counterparts (37% vs 23%, AOR: 1·83, p = 0·015). Similarly, access to FP services was negatively associated with the volume of male out-migration, specifically for women with migrant husbands. Conclusions The migratory environment as well as the migration of husbands affect contraceptive use and access to FP services among women. Given that a significant proportion of married males leave their home states for work, it is imperative that FP programs in migration affected areas plan and implement migration-centric FP implementation strategies.

Users of traditional methods of contraception in Bangladesh: 1981–91

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mujibur Rahman ◽  
M. Nurul Islam ◽  
M. Mazharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

SummaryThis paper examines the changing patterns of knowledge, attitude and use of traditional methods of contraception, compared to modern methods, over the last five contraceptive prevalence surveys in Bangladesh (1981–91). The results show that knowledge of at least one method of family planning is universal in Bangladesh and usage is higher at all ages for women who are using modern methods than for those who are using traditional methods. Educated women and those in employment are more likely to use modern contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Kristin Bietsch ◽  
Ali Arbaji ◽  
Jennifer Mason ◽  
Rebecca Rosenberg ◽  
Malak Al Ouri
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years.  Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women.  This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases.  This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies.  Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution.  Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR.  Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between family planning method choices and modern contraceptive use: an analysis of geographically linked population and health facilities data in Haiti

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 5) ◽  
pp. e000765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Lindsay Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

IntroductionThis study linked data from the 2012 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2013 Haiti Service Provision Assessment (SPA) to estimate the extent to which women’s contraceptive use is associated with the method choices available in Haiti’s health facilities.MethodsUsing Global Positioning System (GPS) data for DHS clusters and for health facilities, we linked each DHS cluster to all of the family planning facilities located within a specified distance, and then measured the cluster’s level of contraceptive method choice based on the number of facilities within the buffer zone that offered three or more modern contraceptive methods. Random intercept logistic regressions were used to model the variation in individual modern contraceptive use and the availability of multiple method choices at the cluster level.ResultsLimited number of family planning facilities in Haiti offered at least three modern contraceptive methods (51% in urban and 23% in rural). Seventeen percent of both rural and urban women lived in an area with low availability of multiple methods—meaning that no facility in the specified buffer zone offered three or more contraceptive methods. Another 29% of rural women and 41% of urban women had medium availability—that is, only one facility in the buffer zone offered three or more methods. In rural areas, compared with women living in a cluster with low availability of multiple methods, the odds of using a modern method are 73% higher for women living in a cluster with medium availability, and over twice as high for women living in a cluster with high availability. A similar positive relationship was also found in urban areas.ConclusionsWomen in Haiti have only limited proximity to a health facility offering a variety of contraceptive methods. Improving access to a range of methods available at health facilities near where people live is critical for increasing contraceptive use in both urban and rural areas of Haiti.

scholarly journals Share of current unmet need for modern contraceptive methods attributed to past users of these methods in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ankita Shukla ◽  
Anrudh K. Jain ◽  
Rajib Acharya ◽  
F. Ram ◽  
Arupendra Mozumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Reversible Method

Abstract Despite persistent efforts, unmet need for contraceptives in India has declined only slightly from 14% to 13% between 2005–06 and 2015–16. Many women using a family planning method discontinue it without switching to another method and continue to have unmet need. This study quantified the share of current unmet need for modern contraceptive methods attributed to past users of these methods in India. Data were drawn from two rounds of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005–06 and 2015–16. Using information on women with current unmet need, and whether they used any modern method in the past, the share of past users with current unmet need for modern methods was calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Among 46 million women with unmet need, 11 million were past users of modern methods in 2015–16. The share of current unmet need attributed to past users of modern contraceptive methods declined from 27% in 2005–06 to 24% in 2015–16. Share of current unmet need attributed to past users was associated with reversible method use. This share rose with increased use of modern reversible methods. With the Indian family planning programme’s focus on increasing modern reversible method use, the share of unmet need attributed to past users of modern methods is likely to increase in the future. The programme’s emphasis on continuation of contraceptive use, along with bringing in new users, could be one of the key strategies for India to achieve the FP2020 goals.

scholarly journals Family planning clients at a Tertiary hospital in Niger Delta, Nigeria: Where they on any contraceptive method prior to first visit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 022-029
Author(s):  
Nonye-Enyidah Esther ◽  
Enyidah Nonyenim ◽  
Jumbo A
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
State University ◽  
Family Planning Clinic ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Age Range

Background: Maternal and child morbidity and mortality in developing countries have been shown to be reduced by effective use of contraceptive methods. Contraceptive use also improves the lives of women and children. Experience with previous use of contraceptives may affect the uptake rate of modern contraceptive methods. Aim and objective: To determine the pattern of previous contraceptive usage, uptake rates of the contraceptives, the continuation and discontinuation rates and the sources of prior contraceptives. The socio-demographic characteristics and sources of information on current contraceptive use at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital during the study period. Methods: This was a retrospective study of clients’ records in family planning clinic at theRivers State University Teaching (RSUTH) over a period of five years. Their cards were retrieved, reviewed; data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version25.0 (Armonk, NY). Results: There were 874 contraceptive acceptors attending family planning clinic between 1st January, 2015 and 31st December, 2019 in the centre. Of this number, 566 (64.8%) were using one form of contraceptive method or the other while 308 (35.2%) were not on any form of contraception. Of this 566 women who used contraceptive method prior to their visit to the family planning clinic, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) use accounted for 118 (20.8%), others were barrier method, 107 (18.9%), oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), 95 (16.8%), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 72 (12.7%), implanon, 40 (7.1%), noristerat, 36 (6.4%), postinor, 28 (5.0%), withdrawal method, 26 (4.6%) and calendar method, 24 (4.2%). Most of the previous contraceptives used came from Government hospital accounting for 44.4%. Most women (72%) obtained their information concerning current contraception from clinical personnel. More than half of the clients (64.1%) were within the age range of 30-39 years and 2 (0.2%) were below 20 years. Age range for the study was 19-51years. Majority of the clients (70.7%) were multipara while 162 (18.5%) were grandmultipara. Modal parity was para 3. The women with formal education were 867 (99.2%). Married women and Christians accounted for843 (96.5%) and 867 (99.2%) respectively. Conclusion: Most clients were in their thirties, married, educated and multiparous. Thirty five percent of the women were not using any form of contraceptive method which is quite alarming and definitely would have led to unwanted pregnancies and possibly induced abortions with its sequalae.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Lotus McDougal ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Leonardo Z. Ferreira ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Objective To evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level. Methods Using data from the Indian National Family and Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), we evaluated the proportion of partnered women aged 15–49 years with demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) with modern contraceptive methods. We also explored the share of each type of contraception [short- (e.g., condom, pill) and long-acting (i.e., IUD) reversible contraceptives and permanent methods] and related inequalities. Results The majority (71.8%; 95% CI 71.4–72.2) of women in need of contraception were using a modern method, most (76.1%) in the form of female sterilization. Condom and contraceptive pill were the second and third most frequently used methods (11.8% and 8.5%, respectively); only 3.2% reported IUD. There was a nearly linear exchange from short-acting to permanent contraceptive methods as women aged. Women in the poorest wealth quintile had DFPS with modern methods at least 10 percentage points lower than other women. We observed wide geographic variation in DFPS with modern contraceptives, ranging from 23.6% (95% CI 22.1–25.2) in Manipur to 93.6% (95% CI 92.8–94.3) in Andhra Pradesh. Women with more accepting attitudes towards domestic violence and lower levels of social independence had higher DFPS with modern methods but also had higher reliance on permanent methods. Among sterilized women, 43.2% (95% CI 42.7–43.7) were sterilized before age 25, 61.5% (95% CI 61.0–62.1) received monetary compensation for sterilization, and 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3) were not informed that sterilization prevented future pregnancies. Conclusion Indian family planning policy should prioritize women-centered care, making reversible contraceptive methods widely available and promoted.

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