Poverty, growth, inequality: some general and India-specific considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasan Subramanian ◽  
Mala Lalvani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Paper ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cross Country

PurposeThis paper aims to address the thesis that poverty is best alleviated by a policy emphasising the growth of per capita average income, a strategy that affords little room for direct pro-poor interventions or a movement towards a more equal distribution of incomes. This policy prescription is based on the empirical finding that cross-country variations in poverty are largely explained by variations in growth rates of average income.Design/methodology/approachThe paper contends, as has been done in other commentaries on the subject, that inferring the dictum that “growth is [virtually the only thing] good for poverty” from cross-country evidence on poverty, growth and inequality is neither logically plausible nor normatively compelling. This is sought to be established both through conceptual reasoning and (secondary) data-based analysis. In particular, the thesis under review implicitly rejects the value of counter-factual analysis. Such a hypothetical illustrative analysis is attempted here, using evidence relating to urban poverty, growth and inequality in India.FindingsThe paper concludes, without undermining the salience of growth, that there is little basis for the pre-eminence accorded to it astheinstrument for poverty redress.Originality/valueThis paper has not been published elsewhere. A collaborative paper by one of the present authors with another scholar, on a similar theme is, however, under preparation for publication.

Need to pioneer Islamic tourism in tourist resorts in Maldives

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-916
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Zakariya Mustapha ◽  
Fathimath Nashwa Badeeu ◽  
Aminath Reesha Nafiz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Financing Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to formulate ways in which Maldives could pioneer Islamic tourism on a befitting framework and financing structure as a leverage to develop its tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach The research uses qualitative approach whereby primary and empirical data on tourism practices as well as relevant laws and guidelines, issued in Maldives and in other Muslim jurisdictions of the Muslim, are analyzed. Doctrinal approach is used in analyzing secondary data on the subject. Findings The research reveals the potential of Islamic tourism in Maldives as well as the challenges that have constrained its development in the country. Certainty is needed in halal products, services and conducts. Codifying extant Maldives Halal Tourism Standards will establish legal framework for a standard Shariah-compliant tourism industry. Islamic financing structure enables mobilizing required funds and address financing constraints. Practical implications This research presents an insight into establishing and developing Islamic tourism industry in the Maldives. Harmonizing tourism regulations with Shariah shall bring about the required consciousness on Shariah compliance in target tourists and their desires. Private individuals can contribute in mobilizing the much needed Shariah-compliant resources to finance Islamic model resorts befitting an Islamic tourism industry. Originality/value The research puts forward proposal that identifies and recognizes a more viable Islamic financing alternative as well as Shariah-compliant regulations to pioneer the development of Islamic tourism in Maldives. The research recommends how to overcome related challenges helps government understand the proposed strategies for establishing Islamic tourism industry.

scholarly journals Encountering UFOs and aliens in the tourism industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel William Mackenzie Wright
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Consumer Participation ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism Attractions

Purpose Human fascination in the unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and alien paranormal phenomenon is rich in history, explored widely in popular culture and many personal beliefs exist across society. The tourism industry offers a range of places where consumers can encounter such a phenomenon. Reports continue to highlight the growth in consumers participating at UFO and alien tourism attractions and locations. Significantly, the purpose of this paper is to shine a light on the relationship between UFOs, aliens and the tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a pragmatic philosophical approach by embracing a multi-disciplinary analysis. This study examines a range of secondary data information, statistics, reports and research studies. Findings By identifying the current impotence of the UFO and alien tourism markets and the growing consumer participation in it, this paper presents a theoretical starting point in the form of a model, which maps the current landscape of the industry from supply and demand perspectives. This study should be seen as a stepping stone towards further research into the UFO and alien tourism industry and provide researchers with a theoretical platform and novel ideas through which to explore the subject. Originality/value The phenomenon includes an established eclectic mix of attractions and likewise tourist motivations for visiting are wide and diverse. However, the subject lacks academic consideration. Thus, this paper presents original research and timely discussions on the topic.

Self-citations, a trend prevalent across subject disciplines at the global level: an overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Pandita ◽  
Shivendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Subject

Purpose The present study aims to determine the prevailing trend of self-citations across 27 major subject disciplines at global level. The study also examines the aspects like percentage of self-citations in each individual subject discipline and the average number of self-citations per publication across different subject disciplines. The study also investigates self-citation percentage of research articles published from the 20 leading research countries of the world and across the continents. Design/methodology/approach The study is supported by empirical findings undertaken on secondary data retrieved from SCImago Journal and Country Ranking, which is entirely based on the SCOPUS data source (SCImago, 2014). Findings In all, 76,634,557 citations were received by as many as 14,946,975 research articles published from 2008-2012 at an average of 5.12 citations per article. Of the total citations received, 26,404,609 (34.45 per cent) were self-citations, which means that of the total citations received by each research article, 1.76 are self-citations. Compared to subject disciplines falling under social and humanistic sciences, pure and applied sciences have shown a greater trend of self-citation. On average, 4.18 self-citations were observed in each research article published in multidisciplinary subject disciplines. Of the total citations received by research articles published in the discipline of Psychology, 43.69 per cent are self-citations, the highest among all the subject disciplines under study. Of the total self-citations received by all the subject disciplines under study, 18.43 per cent were received alone in medicine, highest among all, whereas Social and Humanistic sciences received less than 1.00 per cent self-citations, the lowest among all the subject disciplines. Originality/value This study is original and first of its kind covering each individual subject discipline having global scope.

Uncoupling the relationship between corruption and money laundering crimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Mugarura
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
National Governments

Purpose – Money laundering schemes are inextricably linked to corruption whereby the latter is utilised either as “a means to an end or as an end in itself”. The prevalence of one of these offences in a country usually signifies the prevalence of the other. The foregoing connection is supported by studies carried out by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank to correlate the connection between money laundering and corruption. Corruption has been exploited to facilitate commission of other crimes such as drug trafficking, prostitution, small arms trafficking and illegal currency trafficking. It has destroyed the myth that corruption is a domestic political issue amenable within individual states borders. Therefore, the design of anti-corruption policy measures should incorporate effective implementation anti-money laundering (AML) strategy and their enforcement on corrupt public officials. It needs to be noted that money accrued from corruption constitutes criminal property under the majority of global AML/CFT frameworks which have been domesticated by individual national governments. Both corruption and money laundering thrive in an environment of bad governance, lack of requisite local oversight institutions, a tenuous legal systems and laws and bad governance. These offences have become so intertwined that it is not easy to tell which is which because they are embedded in each other and in the context of this paper are symbiotic. Design/methodology/approach – The paper articulates that there is a close connection between corruption and money laundering offences. It was undertaken by evaluating primary and secondary data sources to demonstrate the interconnectivity of the foregoing criminal offences in the regulatory realm. The overlapping relationship between corruption and money laundering has been acknowledged by many oversight institutions and national governments. For example, Singapore enacted a legislation: “Corruption, Drug Trafficking and other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act” in (1999) recognizing the foregoing interconnectivity. The G20 imposed on Financial Action Task Force the requirement to incorporate mechanisms within its framework to combat money laundering and terrorist financing measures to fight corruption. Therefore, this paper has demonstrated a close correlation between corruption and money laundering and what ought to be done at various oversight levels to forestall them. Findings – Corruption and money laundering are inextricably linked such that where one exists, the other one will be also lurking in the background. The paper has articulated the connection between corruption and money laundering and the context they are manifested either together or differently. It has demonstrated that the foregoing offences are literally “Keith and Kin” and should be accorded the same level of attention as serious financial crime, both in theory and practice of states. Research limitations/implications – While there are many papers which have been published on the subject of money laundering and corruption, not many articulate the connection between corruption and money laundering in the context of this paper. The paper was undertaken by evaluating primary and secondary data sources and analysing this data in different contexts of this paper. However, it would have been better to corroborate some of the foregoing sources by working with oversight AML/corruption institutions. Therefore, the author will ensure that future studies carried out on the subject matter of money laundering and corruption are undertaken with a high measure of collaboration with oversight AML/corruption agencies and possibly also civil society organisation which have a mandate on these similar issues. Practical implications – This paper is of practical significance for governments, policy and oversight institutions in dealing with issues relating to corruption and money laundering. The paper provides insights into the dynamics of the foregoing twin offences, the context they are manifested and how the law can be better utilised to forestall them. Corruption and money laundering have eviscerated the individual economies capacity to engage in national development programmes, and they need to be addressed as a matter of seriousness, both nationally and internationally. This paper will provide insights into what states need to do to harness the law relating to corruption and money laundering offences, both at an oversight institution and individual national government’s level. Social/implications – Corruption and money laundering crimes have eroded the fabric of societies, eviscerated individual states capacity to pursue national development goals and not to mention fuelling other crimes such as financing of terrorism, human and small arms trafficking, drugs trafficking, to mention but a few. Therefore, no state can afford to ignore the foregoing transgressions against humanity because no state can claim to be immune from the offshoot effects of corruption and money laundering. Originality/value – There are not many published papers which articulate the connection between money laundering and corruption in the context of this paper. This paper is one of its kind, original and a must read. It is a must read because it has a lot offer literally to every one û academics, researchers, students, policy and regulatory institutions and the list goes on.

scholarly journals Understanding hallmark event failure: a case study of a Swedish music festival

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Nordvall ◽  
Tobias Heldt
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Organizational Ecology ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Event Organization

Purpose Hallmark events can be very beneficial for host communities, not least due to their potential in attracting tourists. The Peace & Love music festival was the hallmark event of the Swedish city Borlänge. In 2013, the event organization declared bankruptcy and canceled the forthcoming festival. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the factors that caused the failure of the 2013 Peace & Love festival. Design/methodology/approach The case of the Peace & Love festival is analyzed using three data sources: interviews with the former members of the event organization; secondary data describing the Swedish festival industry; and festival visitors’ perspectives represented by comments on social media. An organizational ecology perspective frames the analysis. Findings The results of the study reveal that the failure of the event can be understood by a combination of three components: an organization in a vulnerable position, a strong new competitor entering the Swedish festival market, and uncertain visitors searching for the new place to be. Originality/value Very few studies have researched event failure, although the subject is a recommended priority within the field of festival studies. This study presents a thorough examination of a hallmark event failure, which contributes to this area of knowledge and provides relevant information for organizations and host cities.

Adopting a risk-based approach for non-profit organisations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Murrar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mutual Evaluation

Purpose This study aims to define how countries can implement a risk-based approach (RBA) for non-profit organisations (NPOs) by measuring how well certain countries have complied with the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) “Recommendation 8, criterion 1” (recommendation [8.1]). Design/methodology/approach This study combines a comparative analysis methodology with a descriptive analytical approach to compare three member countries of FATF and FATF-Style Regional Bodies (FSRBs). It uses secondary data sources, namely, FATF guidelines on the subject and FATF reports on mutual evaluation reports. Findings This study examines the variations in compliance with the FATF recommendation (8.1) among three countries recently assessed by the FATF: the UK, Bahrain and the Russian Federation. Although the UK has completely fulfilled these recommendations, Bahrain and Russia have largely fulfilled them. These variations in compliance are mainly attributed to the uneven level of preparedness in the countries’ commitment to the legislative requirements before the process of mutual evaluation. Originality/value This paper offers insight into the progress of legislation and mechanisms (technical compliance) in the three countries with respect to recommendation (8.1). This paper also discusses the evolution of implementing and adopting the RBA among NPOs. This paper concludes with suggestions to other countries in developing a plan that meets the FATF recommendations by considering key factors such as comprehensive assessment of threats to NPOs, periodic reassessment and sharing of success stories.

Establishment of Islamic capital market in jurisdictions with limited Islamic financial services

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject

Purpose It is said that to establish an Islamic Capital Market, the first step would be to have a strong Islamic finance industry with numerous institutions offering Islamic financial services. This way it is easy to know that the demand for Islamic capital market would be there and that market will be sophisticated enough to comprehensive the nature of shariah compliant products. Generally, in most of the jurisdictions, this is how the Islamic capital market is created. The purpose of this paper is to understand the establishment of Islamic capital market in Maldives, small island nation where the establishment of Islamic capital market happened when at a time there was only one takaful company and one Islamic bank established. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a legal exploratory research that is based on the review of primary and secondary data available on the subject matter. Findings It is anticipated that this paper will provide assistance and inspiration to those jurisdictions that aims to create Islamic capital market from scratch. Originality/value It shall be noted that there are no literature available on this subject about Maldives, and as such, this paper can be starting point to preserve knowledge in this area.

Legislative policy on the regulation of corporations as the subject of crimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1111
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Legislation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the criteria of the provision on the corporation as the subject of crimes regulated in criminal legislation outside Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) in the past five years. The criteria will be used to explore the construction of corporate criminal responsibility. Design/methodology/approach The method of the research is normative-legal study using the library research. The method of the examination is a qualitative-description. The data used are secondary data, including legislations, books, journals and other materials. Findings It is found that in the past five years, there are 25 criminal legislations outside KUHP which have the provision on corporation as the subject of crimes. In those 25 legislations, only four legislations which have the criteria of corporate criminal responsibility. In those legislation, it can be concluded that the construction of corporate criminal responsibility is based on identification and aggregation theory. Originality/value This research is novel in Indonesia. This research examines the specific articles of several legislations to deeply describe the corporate criminal responsibility.

Building a knowledge-based economy in the Muslim world

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allam Ahmed ◽  
Amer Al-Roubaie
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Subject

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of innovation and technological learning in building a knowledge-based economy in the Muslim world. Despite abundant financial and human capital, most Muslim countries still lack adequate scientific and technological infrastructure to absorb, apply and create knowledge and disseminate information. Design/methodology/approach – Using various major international institutions’ databases (UN, World Bank, OCED, etc.), a holistic approach is used to analyse the critical role of science, technology and innovation to build a knowledge-based economy in Muslim countries. Findings – This paper examines the main challenges facing Muslim countries to build a knowledge-based economy driven by innovation and technological learning. In doing so, a framework for building an effective innovation system that will achieve a knowledge-based economy in Muslim countries is presented, taking into account a variety of international, institutional and intellectual perspectives. Originality/value – Given the scarcity of information and data about the subject area on Muslim countries, the study uses several sources of secondary data which are considered the most valid and reliable data available internationally about the subject.

Fraud schemes during COVID-19: a comparison from FATF countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Murrar
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Terrorism Financing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Financial Action Task ◽  
Investment Fraud

Purpose This study aims to define fraud crimes, its most prevalent categories and examines the most common of these schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic by drawing on the experiences of several countries and the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) updated paper issued during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a comparative analysis methodology in conjunction with a descriptive analytical approach to compare four FATF member countries in light of the fraud activities that occurred on their territory during the pandemic and their respective law enforcement measures. It makes use of secondary data sources, namely, the theoretical literature on the subject and FATF’s updated paper on money laundering and terrorism financing during COVID-19. Findings This study found that fraudsters exploited the difficult circumstances during the pandemic in the majority of countries worldwide and identified various fraud schemes based on the incidents reviewed, such as the abuse of economic stimulus in Italy, counterfeiting medical goods in Brazil and investment fraud schemes in California, USA. In Spain, the fraud schemes tended to be cyber related. Such variations were also observed by the law enforcement agencies in the above-mentioned countries. Originality/value Numerous studies on fraud schemes are available to researchers. However, few such studies have been conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study makes a unique contribution to the literature.

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