scholarly journals Rural residents’ understanding and willingness to pay higher prices for mitigation against global warming in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Western China ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
The Cost

Purpose Studies addressing rural residents’ understanding of global warming and their willingness to pay higher prices to mitigate it are very limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the general understanding and attitudes of rural residents in China regarding global warming and their willingness to pay higher prices to mitigate it. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed 1,185 rural residents in three counties of coastal, middle and western China. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationships between the willingness to pay higher prices to mitigate global warming and influencing factors. Findings The majority of respondents had heard of global warming; however, their knowledge of the phenomenon and its causes was very limited. Most respondents admitted the likelihood of risks from global warming. Although most respondents thought they had an obligation to mitigate global warming, only a small percentage of them were willing to pay higher prices to address the problem; the unwillingness of respondents to pay higher prices to mitigate global warming may have been associated with their low income and perceived inability to handle the cost, externalisation of responsibility and causes and lack of knowledge of how to affect it. Originality/value This study examines the general understanding and attitudes of rural residents in China regarding global warming and their willingness to pay higher prices to mitigate it. The research is conducive to climate change communications and the implementation of climate policies in China’s rural areas.

Inequities in the allocation of medical resources in China’s Township Health Centers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Matthew Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce a high-quality measure of the nature of healthcare resources available in China’s Township Health Centers (THCs), paying particular attention to equity between high- and low-income areas. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of data from a nearly nationally representative survey in rural China conducted by the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011. The samples of towns were selected randomly from 25 counties located in five provinces from different regions of China. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observation. Findings The THCs located in rich areas have higher levels of human resources than poor areas. THCs in rich areas also have more fixed assets than those in poor areas. In fact, even though the Chinese Ministry of Health mandates that all THCs have certain basic levels of medical equipment and facilities, many THCs in poor areas do not have them. The allocation of mandated equipment is unequal. Practical implications These findings suggest that China’s government should pay more attention to THCs located in poor areas, especially in light of new initiatives to improve health care in poor rural areas. Originality/value This is the first nationally representative study to employ rigorous empirics to investigate the extent of inequality in allocation of resources within THCs across China.

Hunting and raising livestock are associated with meat-related attitudes, norms and frequent consumption: implications for dietary guidance to rural residents

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Twila Linville ◽  
Karla L. Hanson ◽  
Jeffery Sobal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Livestock Raising

PurposeMeat consumption is higher than health recommendations, but little is known about potential moderating factors in rural areas. Informed by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this paper explored potential moderators amongst rural residents.Design/methodology/approach The authors summarized meat-related attitudes (importance, taste preference, healthfulness perceptions), social norms, controls (availability, affordability, self-efficacy) and frequency of consumption (overall, lean meat, wild game) in a cross-sectional survey of rural, adult, US volunteers (n = 572). The authors examined correlations and differences by gender, connection to hunting and to livestock raising.Findings These rural residents had positive attitudes toward meat, high family expectations to consume meat and daily consumption. Half of the meat consumed was lean but was infrequently wild game. Respondents with connections to hunting or raising livestock reported more positive meat-related attitudes, norms and self-efficacy, and more frequent meat consumption. Those with a connection to hunting also had higher perceived availability, affordability and consumption of wild game.Research limitations/implications Strong meat preferences and expectations may hamper moderation amongst rural residents, particularly in households connected to hunting or raising livestock. Dietary advice can be tailored to respect meat consumption, emphasize the identification and selection of lean meats and highlight wild game as a lean meat that is moderately available and affordable. Future research should disentangle hunting and livestock raising as potential factors in food choice and examine wild game consumption in jurisdictions where it can be sold legally.Originality/value This study was novel in examining meat-related practices amongst rural residents, separately examining lean meats and wild game, and identifying hunting and livestock raising as important predictors.

Farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for microcredit in Benin: results from in-the-field choice experiments in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchekpo Fortune Ogouvide ◽  
Ygue Patrice Adegbola ◽  
Roch Cedrique Zossou ◽  
Afio Zannou ◽  
Gauthier Biaou
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Attribute Importance ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis document analyses farmers' preferences and willingness to pay (CAP) for microcredit, in order to facilitate their access in rural areas.Design/methodology/approachData are based on a discrete choice experiment with 400 randomly selected farmers from 20 villages of the 7 Benin agricultural development hubs (ADHs). The preference choice modelling was performed using mixed logit (MXL) and latent class logit (LCL) models. Farmers' willingness to pay for each preferred attribute was estimated. The endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) model was also used to capture attribute non-attendance (ANA) phenomenon.FindingsThe results indicate that, on average, farmers prefer individual loans, low interest rates, in kind + cash loans, cash loans, disbursement before planting and loans with at least 10-month duration. These preferences vary according to farmers' classes. Farmers are willing to pay higher or lower interest rates depending on attribute importance. The estimate of the EAA model indicates that, when taking the ANA phenomenon into consideration, people will show stronger attitudes regarding WTP for important factors.Research limitations/implicationsBased on these results from Benin, microfinance institutions (MFIs) in developing countries can, based on the interest rates currently charged, attract more farmers as customers, reviewing the combination of the levels of the attributes associated with the nature of the loan, the type of loan (individual or collective), the disbursement period of funds, the waiting period of the loan and the loan duration. However, the study only considered production credit, ignoring equipment or investment credit.Practical implicationsThe document provides information on the key factors that can facilitate producers' access to MFI products and services.Social implicationsFacilitating small farmers' access to financial service will contribute to poverty reduction.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the knowledge of the attributes and attribute levels favoured by farmers when choosing financial products and the amounts they agree to pay for these attributes. The implementation of the results would facilitate small producers' access to financial services; thus contributing to poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Does Healthy Food Cost More in Poor Neighborhoods? An Analysis of Retail Food Cost and Spatial Competition

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Hatzenbuehler ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gillespie ◽  
Carol E. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Retail Food

The organization of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, retail food industry was analyzed to determine whether spatial competition influenced the cost and availability of food items. Using a spatial competition gravity variable, the costs of two separate market baskets were analyzed in January 2009, and the factors influencing spatial competition were determined. Store type (chain or supercenter) was found to be the most significant determinant of food costs, validating findings of past studies. Although food was not found to be more expensive in low-income areas, results suggest that residents in low-income and rural areas have disincentives to purchase affordable, available healthy food due to the spatial organization of their local food market.

Moving Rural Residents to Work

2005 ◽  
Vol 1903 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen S. Stommes ◽  
Dennis M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transportation Services

Rural areas present special challenges for meeting the transportation needs of individuals, especially people without cars. Congress established the Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program in 1998 to assist states and localities in developing transportation services to connect welfare recipients and other low-income residents to jobs and other support programs. There are key results of a study examining eight rural areas receiving JARC funding in Fiscal Year 1999. Specific program elements include the implementation process, transportation services provided, and solutions developed to deal with the challenges of distance and low population densities that rural transit systems frequently face.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Willingness to Pay for a Meal Kit Program for African American Families with Low Income: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2881
Author(s):  
Kaley Carman ◽  
Lauren H. Sweeney ◽  
Lisa A. House ◽  
Anne E. Mathews ◽  
Karla P. Shelnutt
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shelf Stable

Food insecurity is a persistent issue among individuals with low income and is associated with various nutrition- and health-related consequences. Creative approaches to increasing food access should be investigated as possible solutions. Meal kits, which are boxes or bags of fresh and shelf-stable ingredients for one or more meals, along with a step-by-step recipe showing how to cook each meal at home, may serve as a creative solution. Meal kits have historically been marketed to higher-income demographics. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the utilization, acceptability, and willingness to pay for a healthy meal kit program among African American main food preparers with children and low income (n = 36). Participants received a healthy meal kit with three recipes and ingredients, a cooking incentive, and a nutrition handout weekly for six weeks. Data were collected on participants’ use, acceptability, and willingness to pay for the meal kits and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The intervention was highly utilized, and participants reported high acceptability ratings for most recipes. After the intervention, participants were willing to pay $88.61 ± 47.47 for a meal kit with three meals, each with four portions, which was higher than indicated at baseline and similar to the cost to produce the kits. Meal kits may offer a creative solution to improving food access if affordable for families with low income.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESEDIAAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK MEMBAYAR (Willingness to Pay) BIAYA PENGADAAN AIR BERSIH (PDAM) DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sandhyavitri ◽  
Nessa Riana Putri ◽  
Manyuk Fauzi ◽  
Sigit Sitikno
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
High Income ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
The Cost

This paper investigated how much the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for the cost of public water supply services (PDAM) in Pekanbaru City. This research also projected how much urban water demand of this city for period of 2014-2032. This study divided samples into two categories, namely (i) middle and high income society, and (ii) low income one. These categories were based on the type of house ownership, and the percentage of low income family in this city This research obtained two main factors affected to the WTP for public water services (Y), such as; (i) the number of family members (X1), and (ii) the amount of family income (X2). The equation formula of Y = -677.816 + 12934.502 X1 + 0.012 X2. The average publics willingness to connect to PDAM for the middle and high income society was 62.13% and for the lower class was 44.44%.There was a trend that the middle and high incomes societys water demand was relatively higher than that the lower one. The amount of water tariffs for middle and high income class society was at the average of Rp.6.615 / m3, and Rp.4.971/m3 for the lower income one. This tariff was higher than the average tariff in 2014 (Rp. 3,300 / m3). The water supply capacity in 2014 was estimated to 620 l/sec, and it was projected that water demand in 2032 will increase to 3,946 l/sec (three folds).Tulisan ini meneliti berapa besar keinginan masyarakat untuk membayar biaya pelayanan pengadaan air bersih (PDAM) di Kota Pekanbaru dan membuat proyeksi kebutuhan air bersih Kota Pekanbaru 2014-2032. Sampel calon pelanggan air bersih dalam penelitian ini dibagi atas dua kategori, yaitu (i) masyarakat kelas menengah keatas,dan (ii) kelas menengah kebawah. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dua faktor utama yang mepengaruhi keinginan masyarakat menengah ke atas membayar pelayanan air bersih PDAM (Y), yaitu; (i) jumlah anggota keluarga (X1), dan (ii) besarnya pendapatan keluarga (X2), dengan formula Y= -677,816 + 12934,502 X1 + 0,012 X2. Keinginan untuk menyambung pada masyarakat menengah keatas sebesar 62,13% dan di kelas menengah kebawah adalah 44,44%. Besarnya tarif air bersih yang diinginkan masyarakat menengah keatas Rp.6.615/m3 dan Rp.4.971/m3 untuk kelas menengah kebawah.Tarif ini lebih tinggi dari rata-rata tarif PDAM pada tahun 2014 yaitu Rp. 3.300/m3.Kapasitas pasokan PDAM air pada tahun 2014 adalah 620 l/detik, namun diproyeksikan kebutuhan air bersih meningkat menjadi 3.946 ll / detik untuk tahun 2032.

Inequality boosts US white death rates

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Mental Strain ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Criminal Justice Reform

Subject Rising death rates for white US nationals. Significance A recent study published by Anne Case and Angus Deaton in the 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences' (PNAS) has noted a dramatic increase since 1998 in death rates and a decline in many measures of mental and physical health among middle-aged, non-Hispanic white US nationals, particularly men. The uptick in midlife death rates and decline in health passes significant costs onto the health sector, prison system and public finances, as well as the general productivity and social wellbeing of US nationals. Impacts Local and state budgets will feel demographic pressures more acutely than the federal government. Unaffordable housing will place further fiscal and mental strain on low-income US nationals. Shortages of health care professionals in rural areas will constrain addiction treatment efforts. The opioid abuse epidemic will spur criminal justice reform when Congress reconvenes in 2016.

Paying to play: an economic experiment examining children’s avatar preferences and their willingness to pay for them

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Amanda Brooke Jennings ◽  
Madeline Messer
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Stated Preferences ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is a formal experimental economics test of results found in a study designed and executed by a 12-year-old who was concerned about what she perceived to be bias in gaming applications (apps) that provided male avatar characters for no cost but required in-app purchases to access female characters. The present study was designed to test empirically whether children have a revealed preference for same-gendered characters and whether such preferences are dependent on the cost of the characters. Design/methodology/approach Children from 6 to 16 years of age were recruited to participate in a framed field economics experiment in which they would earn actual money and be given opportunities to spend it on in-game avatars they could then use to continue to play. Additionally, a survey gathered data on participants’ stated preferences and experiences playing game apps on mobile phones. Findings Children do prefer to play a character of the same gender; however, they are more likely to remain the default character if choosing a different character costs money. When asked to say why they picked their character, children report most often that it is based on either the characters’ appearance or gender, followed by perceived character abilities, liking the character and the cost of a character. A vast majority (90 per cent) of children felt both male and female characters should be free. Research limitations/implications This research was limited because the experiment simulated in-app purchases but could not offer the permanence of real-world in-app purchases. Players in the experiment could not “keep” the character if they chose to pay for it. The authors adjusted for this by making the cost to change character gender much lower than it would be in the game (25 cents in the study vs approximately $10 in the app). Future research could explore ways to make in-app purchases during the study permanent for players to test if the permanence of the purchase results in greater willingness to pay to switch character gender. Practical implications This research has practical implications for video game designers. As both male and female players prefer to play with characters of the same gender, and having a cost to play a character reduces switching behavior, it is possible that having a cost for female characters reduces the popularity of the game with female players. This is especially relevant for endless running games as these games are preferred more by women than men. By making female characters free, default character and developers may increase the popularity of these games with female players. Originality/value This study adds to the body of literature about gender and video game preferences because prior studies relied solely on stated preferences about characters (using surveys and self-reported behaviors) and not on revealed preferences (observed behaviors). Additionally, this study examines character gender preferences in a casual game, while most prior studies have examine preferences in massively multiplayer online role-playing games.

Serving the low-income consumer in a rich economy: Dollar General racks up sales

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Atwal ◽  
Douglas Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The conceptualization of the Base of Pyramid (BOP) proposes that low-income markets can lead to profitable opportunities for businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify key success factors of a BOP business strategy based on a case study of the discount retailer, Dollar General, in the USA. Design/methodology/approach The research design used in this research is an in-depth case study of Dollar General in the USA. Qualitative methods are applied in both the primary and secondary data collection and during the follow-on data analysis of Dollar General. Findings Dollar General’s strategic profile is achieved through the combination of the following four actions which are tailored to compete effectively at the BOP in the USA: creating the neighborhood discounter, raising aspirational appeal, reducing service and eliminating internationalization. Research limitations/implications The case is specific to Dollar General in a US cultural context. Practical implications The case of Dollar General demonstrates how a discounter retailer should not only follow a low-cost strategy to compete at the BOP. Its ability to craft a distinctive strategy is coherent with meeting the logistical, rational and emotional needs of the low-income consumer in the USA. Social implications Many businesses have neglected rural areas of the USA as being unprofitable. The ability for businesses such as Dollar General to serve the BOP segment can foster the socio-economic well-being of communities. Originality/value The overwhelming body of the BOP literature is based on emerging markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the few studies to investigate BOP business strategy in the USA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document