Effect of data packet size on the performance of RIP and OSPF routing protocols in hybrid networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Jain ◽  
Ashish Payal ◽  
Aarti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Hybrid Networks ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Packet Size ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to calculate the effect of different packet sizes 256, 512, 1,024 and 2,048 bytes on a large-scale hybrid network and analysis and identifies which routing protocol is best for application throughput, application delay and network link parameters for different packet sizes. As the routing protocol is used to select the optimal path to transfer data packets from source to destination. It is always important to consider the performance of the routing protocol before the final network configuration. From the literature, it has been observed that RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) are the most popular routing protocols, and it has always been a challenge to select between these routing protocols, especially for hybrid networks. The efficiency of routing protocol mainly depends on resulting throughput and delay. Also, it has been observed that data packet size also plays an essential role in determining the efficiency of routing protocol. Design/methodology/approach To analyse the effect of different packet sizes using two routing protocols, routing information protocol (RIP) and open shortest path first (OSPF) on the hybrid network, require detailed planning. Designing the network for simulate and then finally analysing the results requires proper study. Each stage needs to be understood well for work accomplishment. Thus, the network’s simulation and evaluation require implementing the proposed work step by step, saving time and cost. Here, the proposed work methodology is defined in six steps or stages. Findings The simulation results show that both routing protocols – RIP and OSPF are equally good in terms of network throughput for all different packet sizes. However, OSPF performs better in terms of network delay than RIP routing protocol in different packet size scenarios. Research limitations/implications In this paper, a fixed network of 125 objects and only RIP and OSPF routing protocol have been used for analysis. Therefore, in the future, a comparison of different network sizes can be considered by increasing or decreasing the number of objects in the proposed network. Furthermore, the other routing protocols can be used for performance evaluation on the same proposed network. Originality/value The analysis can be conducted by simulation of the network, enabling us to develop a network environment without restricting the selection of parameters as it minimizes cost, network deployment overhead, human resources, etc. The results are analysed, calculated and compared for each packet size on different routing protocol networks individually and the conclusion is made.

scholarly journals EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID NETWORKS BY USING LATENCY AND PDV

2013 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
ANUSHRI DIXIT ◽  
JINAL KOTHARI ◽  
ASHWINIKSHIRSAGAR ASHWINIKSHIRSAGAR ◽  
PROF. RAJESH KOLTE
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Hybrid Networks ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Packet Tracer ◽  
Delay Variation

Hybrid networks are widely used in networking sector. They combine the finest features of both Wired and Wireless networks to give optimum results. Using different types of routing protocols, the capabilities of a hybrid network will be demonstrated using certain performance metrics. In this paper, we will be simulating real-time scenarios of three networks of different sizes. Each of these networks will be implemented with single routing protocol i.e. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). The networks will be simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer simulation tool. Furthermore, we have evaluated the performance of the networks by considering performance metrics like network latency and packet delay variation.

Enhanced GAF protocol based on graph theory to optimize energy efficiency and lifetime in WSN technology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznaoui Hanane ◽  
Arif Ullah ◽  
Said Raghay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Entire Network

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design an enhanced routing protocol to minimize energy consumed and extend network lifetime in sensor network (WSN).Design/methodology/approachWith the use of appropriate routing protocols, data collected by sensor nodes reache the BS. The entire network lifetime can be extended well beyond that of its single nodes by putting the nodes in sleep state when they are not in use, and make active just a single node at a time within a given area of interest. So that, the lowest-cost routing arises by minimizing the communication cost. This paper proposes an enhanced adaptive geographic fidelity (E-GAF) routing protocol based on theory of graphs approach to improve the discovery phase, select the optimal path, reduce the energy used by nodes and therefore extend the network lifetime. Following the simulations established by varying the number of grids and tests, a comparison is made between the E-GAF and basic GAF (B-GAF) based on the number of dead nodes and energy consumption.FindingsThe results obtained show that E-GAF is better than the existing basic GAF protocol in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime.Originality/valueThis paper adopts the latest optimization algorithm know as E-GAF, which is used to solve the problem of energy and improve the network lifetime in a WSN. This is the first work that utilizes network lifetime in WSN.

scholarly journals Optimizing Energy Consumption in IoT-Based Scalable Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vinay Rishiwal ◽  
Preeti Yadav ◽  
Omkar Singh ◽  
B. G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection For

In recent era of IoT, energy ingesting by sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the key challenges. It is decisive to diminish energy ingesting due to restricted battery lifespan of sensor nodes, Objective of this research is to develop efficient routing protocol/algorithm in IoT based scenario to enhance network performance with QoS parameters. Therefore, keeping this objective in mind, a QoS based Optimized Energy Clustering Routing (QOECR) protocol for IoT based WSN is proposed and evaluated. QOECR discovers optimal path for sink node and provides better selection for sub-sink nodes. Simulation has been done in MATLAB to assess the performance of QOECR with pre-existing routing protocols. Simulation outcomes represent that QOECR reduces E2E delay 30%-35%, enhances throughput 25%-30%, minimizes energy consumption 35%-40%, minimizes packet loss 28%-32%, improves PDR and prolongs network lifetime 32%-38% than CBCCP, HCSM and ZEAL routing protocols.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Network using different Integrated Routing Protocols

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3090-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Rajneesh Narula ◽  
Mr. Kaushal Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Multiple Networks

The increasing demand of computer communication networks are growing rapidly day by day. With the growing need to distribute applications across multiple networks and the availability of high capacity, high-performance intermediate switching nodes, and networks, an efficient routing mechanism has become the core requirement. This research primarily focuses on the design and performance of Hybrid Network incorporating different intra-domain routing algorithms. The performance evaluation of different routing algorithms for the transmission of video- and voice-data streams over Hybrid network is demonstrated in this work.. This allows multiple Ethernet point-to-point links to be bundled into one logical full-duplex channel for Fast Ethernet (10BaseT, 100BaseT, or 1000BaseX). These applications require some QoS support such as guaranteed bandwidth, less delay, less jittering effect and low error rate. The QoS relies on a number of factors along with a suite of robust routing protocols that help to accomplish the task of moving datagram from source to destination with high bandwidth and low delay rate. An effective intra-domain network routing protocol may make distributed applications more efficient across multiple networks with the availability of high capacity and high-performance. A variety of intra-domain routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest First Protocol (OSPF), Interior Gateway Protocol (IGRP) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) are available and widely used in designing such high capacity and high performance networks with optimum QoS. We evaluate the performance of these intra-domain routing protocols with IS-IS to recommend the optimum routing protocol to use to provide optimum QoS by means of OPNET Simulator TM. In this thesis work, the following objectives are considered and demonstrated.

DESIGN OF FUZZY BASED MULTI-CONSTRAINED ROUTING PROTOCOL AND THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING ZUO ◽  
XUEFEN CHI ◽  
LIN GUAN ◽  
HONGXIA LI ◽  
IRFAN AWAN
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Single-constrained QoS routing protocols have inherent defects when applied into wireless ad hoc networks. Due to a single constraint parameter is only considered, they can't always cope with the problems caused by the uncertainty of ad hoc networks well. They are not robust enough. In order to overcome the drawbacks of single-constrained QoS routing protocols and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of ad hoc networks, this paper proposed a multi-constrained QoS routing protocol based on fuzzy logic. It is developed from Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The proposed protocol is service-aware in the sense that it considers the QoS required by different types of services and takes different network state parameters as the constraint conditions for fuzzy based routing system. New route discovery procedure and novel route maintenance mechanism are designed to support corresponding QoS requirements. Speed of packets sending is also adjusted adaptively referring to the outputs of the proposed fuzzy system. Performance of the fuzzy based DSR protocol is measured and evaluated under different conditions. Simulation results show that the improved protocol has better QoS guarantee capabilities compared to single-constrained QoS routing protocols for large-scale networks in terms of lower delay, smoother delay variation and lower packet loss rate.

scholarly journals Analysis of Routing Protocols for Large Scale Multihop Multirate MANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1440-1444
Author(s):  
Vincy Goyal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Jangir ◽  
Naveen Hemrajani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Network Mobility ◽  
Manet Routing

In this paper, we perform rigorous analysis of MANET routing protocols selected from different categories over various scenarios using a large set of performance evaluation metrics. The traffic that we model on source-destination pairs is the video streams that consist of varying sized data frames and the inter-packet time is very low. In this way, we can check the MANET routing protocols over varying data sets and can provide the analysis that among the existing MANET routing protocols which routing protocol is best suited for data transmission over MANETs. To analyze the behavior of various routing protocols during the data communication in MANETs, we generate simulation results over various MANET scenarios consists of varying number of nodes and source destination pairs. The simulation process is done by using the open source simulator NS-3. We generate and analyze the scenarios where the effects of data communication is evaluated and analyzed over the increase in network mobility and network data traffic. The work is helpful for the students working on the various issues on MANETs as attacks, Quality-of-Service etc to identify which protocol they should use for their work as a base routing protocol.  

scholarly journals Theoretical Review of Routing Protocols Used for Wireless Community Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3656-3662
Author(s):  
Safaa S. Matter ◽  
Imad F. Al Shaikhli ◽  
Aisha H. A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Growing Networks ◽  
Routing Techniques

Wireless community networks (WCNs) are a solution for people who are living in some areas facing difficulties for accessing the internet because no ISPs are providing them with the service due to the long distance, the high cost of infrastructure, and the less no of people in these areas. So people decided to build their own internet without the need for ISPs. They build mesh networks to provide WiFi access to the internet. WCNs are considered as large-scale, distributed and decentralized systems. In addition, it consists of numerous nodes, links, content, and services. These networks are constructed in a decentralized way, mixing wired and wireless links with different routing techniques with a different range of applications and services. Therefore, they are very dynamic and diverse. There is an open peering agreement that governs these networks, where it avoids impediments for the participation in the network. The ownership, governance, and knowledge of the network are open. For that reason, WCNs are decentralized as well as they are self-managed and self-owned by community members. Moreover, they are self-growing networks in links, capacity, and services provided. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current routing protocols that are employed for WCNs. In addition, it highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each routing protocol.

A review of routing protocols in internet of vehicles and their challenges

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oussama Senouci ◽  
Zibouda Aliouat ◽  
Saad Harous
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Strategy ◽  
Multicast Protocols ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Roadside Unit

Purpose This paper is a review of a number routing protocols in the internet of vehicles (IoV). IoV emphasizes information interaction among humans, vehicles and a roadside unit (RSU), within which routing is one of the most important steps in IoV network. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors have summarized different research data on routing protocols in the IoV. Several routing protocols for IoV have been proposed in the literature. Their classification is made according to some criteria such as topology-based, position-based, transmission strategy and network structure. This paper focuses on the transmission strategy criteria. There exist three types of protocols that are based on this strategy: unicast protocol, broadcast protocols and multicast protocols. This later type is classified into two subclasses: geocast and cluster-based protocols. The taxonomy of the transmission strategy is presented in this study. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type with a general comparison between the five types. Findings The authors can deduce that many challenges are encountered when designing routing protocols for IoV. Originality/value A simple and well-explained presentation of the functioning of the IoV is provided with a comparison among each categories of protocols is well presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The authors examined the main problems encountered during the design of IoV routing protocol, such as the quick change of topology, the frequent disconnection, the big volume of data to be processed and stored in the IoV, and the problem of network fragmentation. This work explores, compares existing routing protocols in IoV and provides a critical analysis. For that, the authors extract the challenges and propose future perspectives for each categories of protocols.

Security Aware Routing Protocol for Hybrid Wireless Network (SARP-HWNs) via Trust Enhanced Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vinodh Kumar ◽  
S. Kaja Mohideen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Hybrid Networks ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link Failures ◽  
Hybrid Wireless Network

A hybrid wireless network handles both ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks, these networks are affected by malicious attacks which affect the routing by packet drops, modifications and selective forwarding. These attacks lead to the link failure in a network. Link failures are the main reason for packet loss and network unreliability in these kinds of networks. Due to link failures, the life time of the network and the performance of routing path is affected. The previous security mechanisms for protecting wireless networks are not sufficient for hybrid networks. In this article, the authors propose a trust-based security model to enhance security factors in hybrid networks. The proposed routing protocols implemented in hybrid network platforms consist of different networks such as a fixed node for WLANs (wireless televisions, personal computers, printers, cellular, etc.) with zero mobility, a sensor node for WSNs with zero mobility, mobile nodes with movements considered MANETs, and nodes with high movements (vehicles) considered as VANETs. This article proposes routing protocols to avoid link failure in the current routing path and provide quick recovery, improve the throughput, reduce end to end delay, maximize the life time of routing path without affecting energy consumption and QoS/QoE while compared with other existing techniques.

scholarly journals Energy aware detection and prevention of black hole attack in MANET

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.6) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Panda ◽  
Binod Kumar Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Save Energy

Energy and security are the two vital components of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). During routing finding an optimal path from sender to receiver sense of path length (number of hops), longevity (battery life) and security becomes an essential requirement. Variety of schemes are proposed by the researchers for finding the shortest path along with energy saving and protecting from attacks Black-hole and gray-hole attacks are some of the most harmful attacks against MANET communication and needs attention. These attacks may cause by insider or outsider malicious node(s) who may drop packets or misroute the information during communication from sender node to receiver node. In our study we proposed an intelligent routing protocol based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique that finds shortest path from source to destination, applies the concept of power aware techniques to save energy increasing the longevity of the link avoiding link failure and also uses the concept of digital signatures, watchdog and path rater for detection and avoidance ofblack-hole and gray-hole attacks. Simulation study of the proposed scheme is made over some network parameters and found to be efficient in comparison to the basic AODV routing protocol.

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