scholarly journals Theoretical Review of Routing Protocols Used for Wireless Community Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3656-3662
Author(s):  
Safaa S. Matter ◽  
Imad F. Al Shaikhli ◽  
Aisha H. A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Growing Networks ◽  
Routing Techniques

Wireless community networks (WCNs) are a solution for people who are living in some areas facing difficulties for accessing the internet because no ISPs are providing them with the service due to the long distance, the high cost of infrastructure, and the less no of people in these areas. So people decided to build their own internet without the need for ISPs. They build mesh networks to provide WiFi access to the internet. WCNs are considered as large-scale, distributed and decentralized systems. In addition, it consists of numerous nodes, links, content, and services. These networks are constructed in a decentralized way, mixing wired and wireless links with different routing techniques with a different range of applications and services. Therefore, they are very dynamic and diverse. There is an open peering agreement that governs these networks, where it avoids impediments for the participation in the network. The ownership, governance, and knowledge of the network are open. For that reason, WCNs are decentralized as well as they are self-managed and self-owned by community members. Moreover, they are self-growing networks in links, capacity, and services provided. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current routing protocols that are employed for WCNs. In addition, it highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each routing protocol.

scholarly journals Study and Optimized Simulation of OSPFv3 Routing Protocol in IPv6 Network

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Md. Anwar Hossain ◽  
Mst. Sharmin Akter
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Address Space ◽  
Next Generation Internet ◽  
Ipv6 Address ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Packet Tracer

Routing is a design way to pass the data packet. User is assigns the path in a routing configuration. A significant role played by the router for providing the dynamic routing in the network. Structure and Configuration are different for each routing protocols. Next generation internet protocol IPv6 which provides large address space, simple header format. It is mainly effective and efficient routing. It is also ensure good quality of service and also provide security. Routing protocol (OSPFv3) in IPv6 network has been studied and implemented using ‘cisco packet tracer’. ‘Ping’ the ping command is used to check the results. The small virtual network created in Cisco platform .It is also used to test the OSPFv3 protocol in the IPv6 network. This paper also contains step by step configuration and explanation in assigning of IPv6 address in routers and end devices. The receiving and sending the packet of data in a network is the responsibility of the internet protocol layer. It also contains the data analysis of packet forwarding through IPv6 on OSPFv3 in simulation mode of cisco packet virtual environment to make the decision eventually secure and faster protocol in IPv6 environment.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Routing Techniques in Different Kinds of Network Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Chakrawarti ◽  
Rahul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Service Distribution ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Routing Techniques

In this generation the communication is primary need for different purpose. Therefore various innovative concepts are included in this domain. For finding the new ideas to deal with the current needs of communication and approximation of characteristics the review of existing technology is required. In this presented work a comparative study based review of three popular routing protocols are presented that is used to deliver services in various areas of Networking. Purpose to proposed review is to find the optimal suitable routing protocol to deal with different kinds of service distribution by the service provider. Therefore a simulation is based an internet service provider over three routing protocols (i.e. EIGRP, OSPF, RIP) is presented work. Additionally for comparing the performance and their utilization for different kinds of service distribution of performance routing protocols are also measured experimentally and observationally. According to the obtained performance the EIGRP is suitable for dealing with high speed networks and service requirements. On the other hand when higher load on routers are exist then the OSPF implementation provides the valuable contribution in network.

scholarly journals A Radical Study of Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for WSN

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-469
Author(s):  
Vikram Dhiman ◽  
◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ajay K Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Routing Techniques ◽  
Cluster Based Routing ◽  
Conventional Paradigm

For many decades, researchers and vendors are continually developing and designing sensors and wireless network devices for countless applications. These low power wireless sensor network devices have designed to gather and propagate data for applications such as environment, industry, habitat, patient monitoring, and many more to excel humankind— however, these devices also inherent many challenges and drawbacks due to the default hardware design. Subsequently, to mitigate limitations and enhance the capability, authors and researchers have investigated and conferred that minor optimization in modeling or routing techniques gradually elevates the performance of WSN. One of the primary concerns which remain on top of the Domain for discussion is energy conservation in WSN devices. Our primary goal is to analyze and design a cluster-based routing protocol for WSN, An efficient way to elevate the network performance. Finally, the emanate results showcase that the performance of the proposed protocol is much more optimized and favorable when combined with soft-computing tactics when compared to the conventional paradigm.

Performance Analysis of Mesh Based Enterprise Network Using RIP, EIGRP and OSPF Routing Protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Md. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md. Ahasan Kabir ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mortuza ◽  
Mohammad Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Enterprise Network

Computer network communication is quickly growing in this pandemic situation. Phone conferencing, video streaming and sharing file/printing are all made easier with communications technologies. Data transmitted in time with little interruption become a significant achievement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A massive network is interconnection computer networks in the globe connected by the Internet, and the Internet plays a critical role in WSNs. Data access is a key element of any enterprise network, and the routing protocol is used to transmit data or access data. Due to the growing use of WSNs, it is essential to know about the network structure, the routing protocol. The routing protocols must be used to route all data sent over the Internet between the source and the destination. Which chooses the optimum routes between any two nodes in an enterprise network. This research focused on how the routing table will determine the optimum path/route of data packets to be transmitted from source to destination. The performance of three routing protocols, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), is investigated in this research for the massive mesh based enterprise wireless sensor network. We also investigated the behaviors of end-to-end packet latency, convergence time on flapping connections and average point-to-point throughput (bits/sec) between network links. Finally, the simulation results are compared to the efficacy and performance of these protocols implemented in the wireless LAN and internet-based wireless sensor network.

DESIGN OF FUZZY BASED MULTI-CONSTRAINED ROUTING PROTOCOL AND THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING ZUO ◽  
XUEFEN CHI ◽  
LIN GUAN ◽  
HONGXIA LI ◽  
IRFAN AWAN
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Single-constrained QoS routing protocols have inherent defects when applied into wireless ad hoc networks. Due to a single constraint parameter is only considered, they can't always cope with the problems caused by the uncertainty of ad hoc networks well. They are not robust enough. In order to overcome the drawbacks of single-constrained QoS routing protocols and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of ad hoc networks, this paper proposed a multi-constrained QoS routing protocol based on fuzzy logic. It is developed from Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The proposed protocol is service-aware in the sense that it considers the QoS required by different types of services and takes different network state parameters as the constraint conditions for fuzzy based routing system. New route discovery procedure and novel route maintenance mechanism are designed to support corresponding QoS requirements. Speed of packets sending is also adjusted adaptively referring to the outputs of the proposed fuzzy system. Performance of the fuzzy based DSR protocol is measured and evaluated under different conditions. Simulation results show that the improved protocol has better QoS guarantee capabilities compared to single-constrained QoS routing protocols for large-scale networks in terms of lower delay, smoother delay variation and lower packet loss rate.

scholarly journals Fairness Time-Slot Allocation and Scheduling with QoS Guarantees in Multihop WiMAX Mesh Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yu Wu ◽  
Hann-Jang Ho ◽  
Sing-Ling Lee ◽  
Liang Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Slot Allocation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Time Slot Allocation

The WiMAX technology has been defined to provide high throughput over long distance communications and support the quality of service (QoS) control applied on different applications. This paper studies the fairness time-slot allocation and scheduling problem for enhancing throughput and guaranteeing QoS in multihop WiMAX mesh networks. For allocating time slots to multiple subscribe stations (SSs), fairness is a key concern. The notion of max-min fairness is applied as our metric to define the QoS-based max-min fair scheduling problem for maximizing the minimum satisfaction ratio of each SS. We formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) model to provide an optimal solution on small-scale networks. For large-scale networks, several heuristic algorithms are proposed for better running time and scalability. The performance of heuristic algorithms is compared with previous methods in the literatures. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are better in terms of QoS satisfaction ratio and throughput.

scholarly journals Analysis of Routing Protocols for Large Scale Multihop Multirate MANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1440-1444
Author(s):  
Vincy Goyal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Jangir ◽  
Naveen Hemrajani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Network Mobility ◽  
Manet Routing

In this paper, we perform rigorous analysis of MANET routing protocols selected from different categories over various scenarios using a large set of performance evaluation metrics. The traffic that we model on source-destination pairs is the video streams that consist of varying sized data frames and the inter-packet time is very low. In this way, we can check the MANET routing protocols over varying data sets and can provide the analysis that among the existing MANET routing protocols which routing protocol is best suited for data transmission over MANETs. To analyze the behavior of various routing protocols during the data communication in MANETs, we generate simulation results over various MANET scenarios consists of varying number of nodes and source destination pairs. The simulation process is done by using the open source simulator NS-3. We generate and analyze the scenarios where the effects of data communication is evaluated and analyzed over the increase in network mobility and network data traffic. The work is helpful for the students working on the various issues on MANETs as attacks, Quality-of-Service etc to identify which protocol they should use for their work as a base routing protocol.  

Effect of data packet size on the performance of RIP and OSPF routing protocols in hybrid networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Jain ◽  
Ashish Payal ◽  
Aarti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Hybrid Networks ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Packet Size ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to calculate the effect of different packet sizes 256, 512, 1,024 and 2,048 bytes on a large-scale hybrid network and analysis and identifies which routing protocol is best for application throughput, application delay and network link parameters for different packet sizes. As the routing protocol is used to select the optimal path to transfer data packets from source to destination. It is always important to consider the performance of the routing protocol before the final network configuration. From the literature, it has been observed that RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) are the most popular routing protocols, and it has always been a challenge to select between these routing protocols, especially for hybrid networks. The efficiency of routing protocol mainly depends on resulting throughput and delay. Also, it has been observed that data packet size also plays an essential role in determining the efficiency of routing protocol. Design/methodology/approach To analyse the effect of different packet sizes using two routing protocols, routing information protocol (RIP) and open shortest path first (OSPF) on the hybrid network, require detailed planning. Designing the network for simulate and then finally analysing the results requires proper study. Each stage needs to be understood well for work accomplishment. Thus, the network’s simulation and evaluation require implementing the proposed work step by step, saving time and cost. Here, the proposed work methodology is defined in six steps or stages. Findings The simulation results show that both routing protocols – RIP and OSPF are equally good in terms of network throughput for all different packet sizes. However, OSPF performs better in terms of network delay than RIP routing protocol in different packet size scenarios. Research limitations/implications In this paper, a fixed network of 125 objects and only RIP and OSPF routing protocol have been used for analysis. Therefore, in the future, a comparison of different network sizes can be considered by increasing or decreasing the number of objects in the proposed network. Furthermore, the other routing protocols can be used for performance evaluation on the same proposed network. Originality/value The analysis can be conducted by simulation of the network, enabling us to develop a network environment without restricting the selection of parameters as it minimizes cost, network deployment overhead, human resources, etc. The results are analysed, calculated and compared for each packet size on different routing protocol networks individually and the conclusion is made.

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