Gender and network effects on occupation: a case study of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Attainment ◽  
Local Residents

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ask whether or not social networks can compensate for the disadvantages of being part of an unprivileged group in the job attainment process in urban China, using the 2008 China General Social Survey. Design/methodology/approach The author compares the network effects on monthly income of local urban residents and rural migrants. Findings First, the results show that social capital exerts no significant effect on monthly income for local residents and rural migrants. Second, having network members who work in state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises helps female rural migrants to obtain higher monthly incomes, compared to those whose network members work only in either state-owned enterprises or non-state-owned enterprises. The same is not true of male rural migrants or local residents. Originality/value It can be concluded that a more diversified network may compensate for female rural migrants’ disadvantages, caused by being part of an unprivileged group, in their occupational attainment process.

Over-tourism and sustainable consumption of resources through sharing: the role of government

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Agyeiwaah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Residents Attitudes

Purpose Over-tourism signifies the dilemma of managing tourism growth in cities. With growing media sensationalism and an oversimplification of the phenomenon of over-tourism, its academic theorization has become extremely important. Using Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China as a case in point, the purpose of this paper is to theoretically explore the nexus between over-tourism and sustainable consumption in cities, highlighting governments’ inevitable role in this successful convergence. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a selective systematic literature review (SLR) of existing studies in the form of both news material and academic journals. It investigates the growing concern of over-tourism and the contribution of sustainable consumption grounded in strong political support. It also adopts a case study approach with specific reference to Macau. Findings The general overview of the literature provides evidence of an age-old concept that has re-emerged to make local residents’ voice more pronounced. Generally, the studies concentrate on understanding residents’ attitudes, the perceived impact of over-tourism, community resilience and sustainable strategies to tackle the problem. Most popular studies are recent (i.e. 2018 and beyond) and empirically set in developed cities of Europe. Research limitations/implications The SLR used in the current study requires further empirical testing to validate some of the proposed concepts in the literature. Practical implications The study highlights the role of government in ensuring that sustainable consumption is sustainably implemented in the context of over-tourism. Originality/value Given the re-emergence of over-tourism, yet with few theoretical discussions on the concept, this study serves as a knowledge-base for future studies both empirically and theoretically.

An econometric analysis of the factors affecting consumers' bread waste and consumption behaviour: a case study of Isparta province, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Sarica ◽  
Vecdi Demircan ◽  
Aybike Erturk ◽  
Nilay Arslantas
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Underlying Causes

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to identify the various factors affecting bread wastage and bread consumption of consumers in Isparta, Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the categorical regression (CATREG) model to estimate the driving forces of bread waste and consumption. The study concentrates on data obtained from 384 respondents speaking for the same number of households placed in the province of Isparta in Turkey.FindingsThe results indicate that both models are statistically significant at the 1% level. Parents' profession, storage method, type of bread consumed, daily bread expenditure, monthly income and the idea of “bread is cheap” are the most important variables affecting bread wastage. Regarding bread consumption, parents' profession, fathers' education level, monthly income, inadequate control in bakeries, household size and the idea of “bread makes people fat” are found to play significant roles.Practical implicationsThe results could be helpful to develop influential policies on healthy eating and aiming plans to reduce bread consumption to healthy levels and prevent bread waste.Social implicationsThis research contributes to knowledge regarding the underlying causes of the bread consumption and wastage of Turkish consumers in the light of the data analysis for Isparta province.Originality/valueThis paper contains unique and original understandings concerning bread consumption and wastage attitudes and determinants for consumers from Isparta, Turkey. The novel findings of this research have conduced to a better understanding of the key factors that affect bread consumption and waste. The paper also applies an econometric analysis using a CATREG model to analyse the factors influencing consumers' bread waste and consumption behaviour in Isparta province, Turkey.

Major event and city branding

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-De Liu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of a key branding campaign, based on a case study of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture. Branding is a popular practice adopted by many cities in the context of intensified tourism competition. Design/methodology/approach – This study looks at quantitative data collected from an on-street face-to-face survey in 2008. In total, 611 questionnaires were distributed to and collected from local residents, visitors from the immediate hinterland, domestic tourists and overseas visitors. Findings – The analysis is done, first by investigating respondents’ impression on the Liverpool 08 brand and the branding campaign, and then by exploring the effects of the campaign. The positioning of Liverpool compared with other similar cities is addressed in the end. Originality/value – Event marketers need to be aware that visitor perceptions of the event’s branding are unlikely to be homogeneous. This could have significant implications on the design of brand and branding campaign and, then, affect whether the city could be effectively marketed.

Wilderness tourism – alleviating poverty through empowering local people

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ajagunna ◽  
Fritz Pinnock ◽  
Robert Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Local Residents

Purpose – This paper aims to examine how “wilderness tourism” is being successfully used to promote tourism development in the economically depressed community of Bangor Ridge in Jamaica. Through this promotion, its sponsor, Sun Venture Tours, has been able to create employment for local residents and in so doing, contribute to community development and poverty alleviation. The company has also been able to demonstrate that local entrepreneurs have the capacity to address issues in their communities with little or no reliance on government. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a qualitative research methodology using both primary and secondary data. The study focuses specifically on Bangor Ridge in Jamaica with Costa Rica and Belize used as comparators. Findings – This paper concludes that the exclusion of heritage assets from the government's development strategies for tourism in Jamaica has resulted in economic and social stagnation and a decline in economic opportunities for rural communities on the island where unemployment and poverty are rife. It argues that there is a strong case for consultation among all stakeholders as to the value of the country's natural assets and the future of tourism in Jamaica. The paper observes that tourism cannot be sustained unless Jamaica's natural assets are preserved and carefully utilized. Originality/value – This paper explores topical issues and provides a case study that clearly illustrates how government could redirect its interest in terms of support to local communities whose assets form the basis for tourism products on the island.

Analysis of the predictors of five eco-sensitive behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naz Onel ◽  
Avinandan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine five different types of eco-sensitive behaviours separately and understand if determinants of these behaviours vary depending on the type of action being performed. Design/methodology/approach – The study investigates factors influencing five different eco-sensitive behaviours by empirically testing the effects of socio-economic status (SES), gender, age and environmental values. Theoretically guided hypotheses and models were formulated and tested with multiple linear regression models by employing a data set from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) 2010 General Social Survey. Findings – Results conclude that different types of behaviour have different predictors. While age differences only explain recycling cans and bottles, gender difference explains buying pesticide-free fruits/vegetables and avoiding environmentally harmful products. Values, on the other hand, predict all five eco-behaviours. Driving less and saving water for environmental reasons were least explained by the examined predictors. Originality/value – These results contribute to untangling the confusing research evidence on the effects of SES, age, gender and environmental values on different environmental behaviours and on the relationship between them by examining each behaviour separately.

scholarly journals Voting and Values: Grassroots Elections in Rural and Urban China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
John James Kennedy ◽  
Haruka Nagao ◽  
Hongyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Right

Authoritarian leaders often claim that they promote democratic institutions such as elections and democratic values. In China, the central propaganda often promotes the right and duty of citizens to vote in local elections as well as the importance of citizens’ input into the policy making process. However, there is often a gap between government rhetoric and reality. In this article, we use the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2013 to evaluate the determinants of voting in local elections and democratic values (attitudes) in rural and urban China. The results show that respondents with higher education tend to have lower levels of democratic values and participate less in local elections, but respondents with only compulsory education are more likely to display democratic orientations and vote. This suggests the relative success as well as the limits of authoritarian democratic propaganda.

scholarly journals Is guanxi unfair? Market reform and the public attitude toward guanxi in urban China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia F. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
State Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

AbstractGuanxi is a fundamental, but controversial, feature of Chinese society. This article examines public attitudes about the fairness of guanxi and how Chinese market reform is affecting these attitudes. The reciprocity-laden and tie-sensitive nature of guanxi conflicts with the efficiency-oriented goal of a market economy. Disapproval of guanxi is thus increasing as marketization progresses. Results from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey show that guanxi is more likely to be viewed as unfair in places with higher levels of marketization. The educational gradient decreases with marketization, and change is more pronounced among people working in the market sector than it is among people working in the state sector. My findings suggest that Chinese market reform increases public disapproval of guanxi.

scholarly journals Characterising Social Integration Between Rural Migrants and Local Residents in Urban China: An Exploratory Social Network Analysis of Care Workers in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Yiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

AbstractRecentdecades have witnessed large migration flows from rural to urban China. This chapter explores the potential of social network analysis (SNA) for assessing and understanding social integration in contemporary Chinese cities. We begin by presenting the background and the complex, multi-dimensional and inter-connected factors that typically affect segregation and inequality within urban China. SNA is introduced as a potential analytical approach for characterising and examining the ongoing dynamic social integration process. We discuss some initial findings based upon an exploratory case study in Shanghai on multi-dimensional segregation in the social care sector. We also identify the limitations of SNA as a relatively innovative method for researching social integration and call for a mixed-methods approach towards its application in examining the intricacy and complexity of social integration in contemporary urban China.

Rural Migrants in Shanghai: Living under the Shadow of Socialism

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Feng ◽  
Xuejin Zuo ◽  
Danching Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Social Divide ◽  
Income Determination

This article examines the fate of rural migrants in Shanghai, China's largest metropolis. Relying on data from a representative survey, it provides a profile of recent rural migrants and analyzes the pattern of occupational and income determination among them. The economic status between migrants and local residents is also compared. The authors show that despite a marked income improvement, rural migrants in Shanghai are still segregated from urban residents and argue that the social divide between urban and rural areas created under socialism has continued to function and may contribute to the formation of a dual society in urban China.

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