A detailed calculation model for costing of green manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa Orji ◽  
Sun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engineering Managers

Purpose – Manufacturing firms are expected to implement green manufacturing and increase product complexity at a competitive price. However, a major problem for engineering managers is to ascertain the costs of embarking on green manufacturing. Thus, a planning and control methodology for costing of green manufacturing at the early design stage is important for engineering managers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper integrates “green manufacturing,” concepts of industrial dynamics, and product lifecycle aiming at developing a methodology for cost calculation. The methodology comprises of a process-based cost model and a systems dynamics (SD) model. The process-based cost model focusses mainly on carbon emission costs and energy-saving activities. Important metrics usually ignored in traditional static modeling were incorporated using SD model. Findings – Equipment costs and carbon emission costs are major components of costs in manufacturing. The total life cycle cost of product in green manufacturing is lower than that of same product in conventional manufacturing. Research limitations/implications – The specific results of this study are limited to the case company, but can hopefully contribute to further research on ascertaining cost of implementing “green issues” in manufacturing. The proposed cost calculation model can be efficiently applied in any manufacturing firm on the basis of accessibility of real cost data. This necessitates a comprehensive cost database. At the development of the model and database management system, time and cost resources could be demanding, but once installed, use of the model becomes less demanding. Practical implications – The cost model provides cost justifications of implementing green manufacturing. The reality is that green manufacturing will see its development peak with cost justifications. The results of the application show that the proposed detailed cost model can be effective in ascertaining costs of implementing green manufacturing. Manufacturing firms are recommended to adopt energy-saving activities based on the proposed detailed cost calculation model. Originality/value – The main contributions of the study includes: first, to help engineering managers more accurately understand how to allocate resources for energy-saving activities through appropriate cost drivers. Second, to simulate with SD the dynamic behavior of few important metrics, often ignored in traditional mathematical modeling. The detailed model provides a pre-manufacturing decision-making tool which will assist management in implementing green manufacturing by incorporating a life cycle assessment measurement into manufacturing cost management.

A multi-objective model for sustainable closed-loop supply chain of perishable products under two carbon emission regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Esmaeilian ◽  
Dariush Mohamadi ◽  
Majid Esmaelian ◽  
Mostafa Ebrahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Perishable Products ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Model

Purpose This paper aims to minimize the total carbon emissions and costs and also maximize the total social benefits. Design/methodology/approach The present study develops a mathematical model for a closed-loop supply chain network of perishable products so that considers the vital aspects of sustainability across the life cycle of the supply chain network. To evaluate carbon emissions, two different regulating policies are studied. Findings According to the obtained results, increasing the lifetime of the perishable products improves the incorporated objective function (IOF) in both the carbon cap-and-trade model and the model with a strict cap on carbon emission while the solving time increases in both models. Moreover, the computational efficiency of the carbon cap-and-trade model is higher than that of the model with a strict cap, but its value of the IOF is worse. Results indicate that efficient policies for carbon management will support planners to achieve sustainability in a cost-effectively manner. Originality/value This research proposes a mathematical model for the sustainable closed-loop supply chain of perishable products that applies the significant aspects of sustainability across the life cycle of the supply chain network. Regional economic value, regional development, unemployment rate and the number of job opportunities created in the regions are considered as the social dimension.

Analyzing the environmental sustainability of primary schools’ facades within the scope of life cycle assessment in Turkey and recommendations for improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Keles ◽  
Fatih Yazicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the sustainability conditions of primary schools in Turkey within the scope of the life cycle assessment (LCA). It is aimed to develop optimum alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of primary schools and reach environmental sustainability targets of the sustainable development goals in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachFrom the construction project of 103 buildings located in Istanbul, 10 case buildings with various typical plans were chosen for analysis. The results regarding their life cycle energy and carbon emission for material production, operation and maintenance stages were calculated for a lifespan of 50 years. Results were evaluated and compared within the scope of environmental sustainability. Optimum alternatives for improving the environmental sustainability and performances of selected case buildings’ facades were developed, and the life cycle energy and carbon emission for proposed conditions were calculated. The obtained results were evaluated for current and proposed conditions.FindingsResults showed that reinforced concrete material contributes the most to the life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission of buildings. Cooling load increases the life cycle operational energy (LCOE) and CO2 emission of buildings. Using high-performance glazing significantly reduces LCOE and CO2 emission. Recycled and fiber-based materials have significant potential for reducing life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission.Originality/valueThis study has been developed in response to achieving sustainable development targets on public buildings in Turkey. In this regard, external walls of primary schools were analyzed within the scope of LCA and recommendations were made to contribute to the policies and regulations requested by the Government of Turkey. This study proves that alternative and novel materials have great potential for achieving sustainable public buildings. The study answers to questions about reducing the environmental impact of primary school buildings by using LCA approach with a holistic point of view.

A Quantitative Study on Carbon Emission Features of Residential Building in Shenyang Based on LCP Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1297-1300
Author(s):  
Lin Zeng ◽  
Tie Mao Shi ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Yuan Man Hu ◽  
Chang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Energy Efficiency Policies

As the largest amount of building in urban architecture, residential building brings enormous greenhouse gases emissions concerning energy and resource consumption and solid waste disposal during its construction and removal. On the basis of LCP theory, the carbon emission of a residential building in Shenyang was calculated in each stage of the life cycle. The calculation shows that the carbon emission in the use and maintenance stage accounts for 86%, the biggest proportion in its life cycle. The carbon emission of one square meter reaches 45.27kgCO2/(m2·y), higher than other cities in China. So the potential for Shenyang to save energy and reduce carbon is considerable. The low carbon objective can be achieved through reducing the use of fossil energy, improving residents energy saving awareness in the use stage and enforcing energy efficiency policies and measures. Meanwhile, from the perspective of research methodology, the carbon emission of a building is regionally featured. For instance, electric carbon emission coefficient is substantially influenced by local energy structure; the distance between building material production and transportation in different places is different; the carbon emission caused by the energy consumption during the usage of the building is closely associated with local energy saving policies and regulations.

Research on Carbon Calculation of Rural Roofing Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Lin Wang Li ◽  
Yan Lei Sun ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Roofing Materials

Based on the present situation of village building adopting the internationally recognized life-cycle theory, the life-cycle calculation model of carbon emission of rural roofing materials was put forward , the calculation boundary of carbon emissions was divided and the calculation parameters and calculation formula was determined. The result shows that: under reasonable assumptions, applying life cycle theory to carbon calculation of rural roofing materials is feasible. The rural roofing materials industry by improving production process to reduce energy consumption and selecting raw material in localization as far as possible can significantly reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Mass Rapid Transit Operation and Maintenance Cost Calculation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rahmat Nurcahyo ◽  
F. Farizal ◽  
Bimo M. I. Arifianto ◽  
Muhammad Habiburrahman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Transit Operation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mass Rapid Transit

Mass rapid transit (MRT) is an efficient transportation mode that is urgently needed by a growing city such as Jakarta, Indonesia. However, limited research has attempted to evaluate the system’s current performance through a comprehensive, unit-based calculation of the costs of MRT operation and maintenance. This research aimed to develop a system for calculating and comparing MRT operation and maintenance costs per kilometer per year. The cost model has three components, namely, capital, operation cost, and maintenance cost, which are, respectively, calculated based on their percentage toward total cost. The cost model calculation determined that Jakarta MRT operation and maintenance costs total USD 8.44 million per kilometer per year. This result was compared to other countries’ MRT operations.

Carbon management framework for sustainable manufacturing using life cycle assessment, IoT and carbon sequestration

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Mishra ◽  
Surya Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Time Data

Purpose Emission reduction methodologies alone are not sufficient to mitigate the climatic catastrophes caused due to ongoing carbon emissions. Rather, a bidirectional approach is required to decarbonize the excess carbon in the atmosphere through carbon sequestration along with carbon reduction. Since the manufacturing sector contributes heavily to the ongoing carbon emissions, the purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the context of the manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed to track the carbon emission at each stage of the product development life cycle. The pre-requisite for this is the accurate evaluation of the carbon emissions. Therefore, IoT technologies have been employed for collecting real-time data with high credibility to perceive environmental impact caused during the entire life cycle of the product. The total carbon emission calculation is based on the bill of material (BOM)-based LCA of the product to realize the multi-structure (from parts and components to product) as well as multi-stage (from cradle to gate) carbon emission evaluation. Carbon sequestration due to plantation is evaluated using root-shoot ratio and total biomass. Findings A five interwoven layered structure is proposed in the paper to facilitate the real-time data collection and carbon emission evaluation using BOM-based LCA of products. Further, a carbon neutral coefficient (CNC) is proposed to indicate the state of a firm’s carbon sink and carbon emissions. CNC=1 indicates that the firm is carbon neutral. CNC >1 implies that the firm’s carbon sequestration is more than carbon emissions. CNC <1 indicates that the firm’s carbon emission is more than the carbon sink. Originality/value The paper provides a novel framework which integrates the real-time data collection and evaluation of carbon emissions with the carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Accounting for the Life Cycle Cost of Power Grid Projects by Employing a System Dynamics Technique: A Power Reform Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Yongli Wang ◽  
Shanshan Song ◽  
Mingchen Gao ◽  
Jingyan Wang ◽  
Jinrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

In the context of China’s electric power reform, issued in May 2019, the “Transmission and Distribution Pricing Supervision Measures” have changed asset accounting in grid enterprises and therefore affected cost accounting in grid projects. This paper proposes a dynamic cost calculation model based on system dynamics and takes a power grid company as an example. On this basis, a sensitivity analysis of power grid engineering was conducted to determine the impacts of key factors of power reform on life cycle cost (LCC). Finally, suggestions for cost accounting and cost management were proposed.

A bibliometric analysis of green manufacturing and similar frameworks

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldip Singh Sangwan ◽  
Varinder Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Cycle Engineering ◽  
Clean Manufacturing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the green manufacturing and similar frameworks in order to trace the origin, definitions, scope, similarities, differences, and publications of these manufacturing frameworks. Design/methodology/approach – A review of 113 research articles is conducted for various terms, namely, green manufacturing (GM); environmentally conscious manufacturing; environmentally responsible manufacturing; environmentally benign manufacturing; sustainable manufacturing; clean manufacturing; cleaner production; sustainable production with reference to triple bottom line, product life cycle engineering, systems approach, resource and energy efficiency, supply chain, pollution prevention and closed loop system/6R. Findings – It can be said with reasonable confidence that all these eight frameworks have been used interchangeably by researchers but it requires some standardization. It has been observed during literature review that to standardize the terminology researchers have to clear emphatically in their research the use of various life cycle engineering approach; clarity on the end-of-life strategies used; clarity in use of various components of triple bottom line perspectives; inclusion of the whole supply chain and integration of environmental improvement strategies with the business strategy. Research limitations/implications – The literature reviewed for the study is the literature available online using Google scholar. Originality/value – This is one of the first known studies to review the GM and similar frameworks for their origin, definition, scope, similarities, and differences.

Life Cycle Analysis on Carbon Emission Reduction and Energy Saving by Using Slag as Alternative Materials in Cement Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Fei Fei Shi ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction

The carbon emission and energy consumption of using slag as a secondary raw material in cement production was quantified and analyzed in this study. Moreover, the carbon emission reduction and energy saving potential of slag-based cement (SBC) production were identified based on the comparative analysis between SBC and traditional Portland cement (TPC). The results showed that the carbon emission of SBC is about 6.73%, which was lower than that of TPC. Compared with TPC, the energy consumption of SBC is slightly increased by 2.05%. In addition, it was found that the combustion of coal and the power generation were the main sources for carbon emission in the life cycle of slag utilization, which account for 83.39% and 10.16% of the total carbon emission. Therefore, reducing the consumption of energy and increasing the recovery rate of waste heat in cement production were the most effective methods to improve the environmental performance of SBC. In addition, the improvement potential analysis was carried out for SBC. The results indicated that if the recovery rate of waste heat could reach to that of the international advanced level (15.6%), the carbon emission and energy consumption of SBC would be reduced by about 2.20% and 5.71%, respectively. If the proportion of renewable energy utilizationin power generation increased to that of the average international level, the carbon emission and energy consumption of SBC would be declined by 5.26% and 9.35% respectively.

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