Family socio-economic status and young children's outcomes

Purpose – This paper was written as part of a suite to inform the Big Lottery Better Start programme and as such has focused on the outcomes that are of interest to that programme. The authors have also focused on outcomes for younger children and the zero to three years age group where data are available. There is a social gradient such that the lower a family's socio-economic status (SES) the greater the likelihood that they have children who are obese, have impaired social and emotional skills, or have impaired language acquisition. These statistics are clear and undisputed. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the reasons for the social gradient in these outcomes. The paper provides some suggestions for actions that might be taken to redress the inequalities. It follows broader work presented in, for example, the Marmot (2010) review, Fair Society Healthy Lives. Design/methodology/approach – Rapid review of the literature building on the work of the Marmot (2010) review. Findings – Poor SES is linked with increased stress and a higher likelihood of being unable to afford to live a healthy life. These factors can have a negative impact on children's outcomes. The paper presents some examples of what can be done. Originality/value – This should be a useful paper for local authorities trying to reduce inequalities and improve outcomes.

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Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Bed Prasad Neupane

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Total Population ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Social Awareness ◽

Service Work ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Social ◽

Traditional Occupation

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.

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Aastaanas of Magicians: A Ray of Hope for the Marginalised Community of Rawalpindi

Global Sociological Review ◽

10.31703/gsr.2020(v-iii).01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (III) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mahwish Zeeshan ◽

Aneela Sultana ◽

Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Economic Status ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The People ◽

The Social ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Economic Survey

People continue to believe in the efficacy of magic in the era of science and technology. Mythology pertaining to curative aspect of magic which is believed to solve the social, economic and medical problems of the people. Initially, a socio-economic survey of the households was conducted in Rawalpindi at Dhok Ratta and Dhok Khabba, which tapped 796 households. Later, 44 people who confessed using magic were interviewed with the help of an interview guide and participant observation at the aastaanas of the aamils. Mostly people who believed in the magical practices were inflicted with health, domestic, social and economic problems and sought magical cure as a last resort. The efficacy of magic is determined by socio-economic status, sex, marital status and education of the people rather than their belief in religion and fatalism.

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Enhancing Empathy through a Creative Writing Program in Elementary School

International Journal of Educational Studies ◽

10.53935/2641-533x.v4i2.155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Sofia Tsatsou-Nikolouli ◽

Stavroula Mavrogeni

Keyword(s):

Creative Writing ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Literary Texts ◽

Control Group ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Social And Emotional Skills ◽

The Social ◽

Study Results ◽

Very High

Education is not only about the transferring of knowledge, but also about the cultivation of strong social and emotional skills, which are necessary for the strengthening of the social competence of students, their positive self-perception and their success in school. Empathy, which refers to the ability to recognize another person‟s emotional state is one of the basic skills of the 21st century, which helps all students grow up to become active and critically aware citizens. The research/intervention program "Creative Writing and Social Learning Skills", implemented by students of the 5th and 6th grade of elementary schools in Thessaloniki, Greece, explores the enhancement of empathy, through the use of creative writing as an educational tool. Activities used were based on literary texts from Balkan countries and countries of Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The research sample consisted of 573 students, who were divided into the Intervention Group, that implemented the program, and the Control Group, that attended its regular curriculum. The analysis of the level of skills in children, and especially the level of empathy, which is of concern to us in the present study, was carried out using a structured improvised questionnaire, the alpha Cronbach coefficients where of range at very high levels. Study results showed that the Intervention Group exhibited statistically greater improvement in the assessment of empathy compared to the Control Group.

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Impact of a varied understanding of school bullying

Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research ◽

10.1108/jacpr-10-2016-0259 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

Tara Chandler

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

School Bullying ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

School Settings ◽

Knowledge Deficit ◽

Recommendations For Practice ◽

Definition Of ◽

Victims Of Bullying

Purpose Traditional school bullying is complex and overlapping, hence research suggests there is a varied definition of the term (Canty et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential effects of the term bullying on adolescent experiences of bullying. Additionally, the study examined bully, victim, bully-victim, and bystander identity as a moderating factor of experience of the term. Design/methodology/approach Research appears to seldom offer adolescents the opportunity to discuss bullying using qualitative methods within naturalistic environments. Therefore, the current study adopted a phenomenological framework for adolescents to share their experiences. Data comprised recordings of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with adolescents (n=20) in high-school settings. Findings The current study supported the notion that adolescents perceive a varied use of the term bullying in schools. The sample experience a varied understanding of bullying in which they explain: increases exposure to bullying; impacts social perception of bullying; reduces trust in anti-bullying intervention; reduces coping self-efficacy amongst victims of bullying; and impacts negatively on friendships. Originality/value Findings suggest a knowledge deficit in transferring information about school bullying from experts to non-experts. The sample indicated that a varied use of the term bullying has negative impact on their social and emotional functioning particularly; in managing distress and maintaining relationships. Additionally, inconsistent understanding of the term was said to increase the frequency of bullying, perception of bullying, and trust in intervention amongst the sample. Limitations of the research, recommendations for practice and intervention are briefly discussed.

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In defence of a university social work education

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-03-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2-3) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

June Thoburn

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Social Work Education ◽

Fast Track ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Social Work Practice ◽

University Education ◽

Content Type ◽

The Social ◽

Work Education

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the particular characteristics and strengths of mainstream undergraduate and postgraduate university education for social workers. Design/methodology/approach A brief summary of the establishment of the honours degree or M-level qualification as the requirement for registration as a social worker in England is followed by a summary of the main aspects of “mainstream” social work courses. The values underpinning a “student” rather than a “trainee” route into social work are explored and some limited comparisons made with recently introduced fast-track specialist programmes. Where relevant, the student experience is contrasted with that of fast-track specialist trainees. Findings The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential impact on the social work profession and on agencies providing social work services of the cuts over the past few years in the numbers of students on “generalist” mainstream social work programmes. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper. It recognises that more information is available on long-established university programmes than on the more recently available fast-track routes into social work and cites relevant research. Practical implications The paper points to the changing balance between numbers entering social work in England via mainstream and fast-track specialist programmes and argues for a fuller debate amongst all stakeholders as to whether this change is in the interest of the profession and those who need social work services. Social implications The author argues that the unequal level of funding between the different entry routes into social work is distorting choice (for students and future employers) between fast-track specialist and mainstream social work education. It is hypothesised that differences between the curricula and learning experiences of the two routes may have an impact on the social work service available to vulnerable people across age and needs groups. It also points to a potentially negative impact on social work education and the knowledge base of the reduction in numbers of academics with both social work practice experiences and research qualifications. Originality/value This is an original paper that draws on the author’s experience and the published research and grey literature cited.

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Women and Genocide in Africa

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.552 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erin Jessee

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

International Law ◽

Economic Status ◽

Women’S Experiences ◽

Resistance Movements ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Women's Experiences ◽

The Social ◽

Written Sources

Genocide, defined in international law as killings and related mass atrocities that are committed “with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group,” has negatively impacted countless communities across Africa over the centuries. The resulting historical literature is strongest regarding those genocides that occurred in the 20th and 21st centuries due to a tendency to privilege written sources. Within this literature, African women’s experiences remain understudied compared to the experiences of men, despite widespread recognition that genocides often affect people differently according to their gender identity. However, in looking at the widely studied examples of colonial genocides in Belgian-occupied Congo (1885–1908) and German-occupied Namibia (1904–1908), and the subsequent genocides in Burundi (1972), Rwanda (1994), and Sudan (2003–2008), it becomes evident that perpetrators have targeted women in particular ways as part of their broader efforts to exterminate unwanted communities. While women are frequently killed alongside men during genocides, the literature on these case studies abounds with examples of sexual violence, particularly rape, that the perpetrators inflict upon women as part of their efforts to undermine the social vitality of their intended victims’ communities. Women’s experiences of genocide are often far more diverse than the literature’s singular focus on sexual violence suggests, however. The case of Rwanda demonstrates that women can also serve as combatants and perpetrators, while the case of Belgian-occupied Congo reveals that women can lead resistance movements in opposition to genocidal violence. Similarly, German-occupied Namibia and Rwanda demonstrate that women can serve important roles in rebuilding their communities and advocating for recognition and reparations in the post-genocide period. Scholars are beginning to pay greater attention to women’s diverse experiences of genocide, but there is a great deal of research to be undertaken, particularly regarding how different facets of women’s identities, such as class, ethnicity, and socio-economic status, among others, shape their experiences of genocide.

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The Age of No Retirement

Working with Older People ◽

10.1108/wwop-09-2015-0020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 159-164

Author(s):

Jonathan Collie

Keyword(s):

Social Enterprise ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Social Implications ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Content Type ◽

New Era ◽

The Social ◽

New Thinking ◽

The Uk ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the value, often overlooked, inherent within a society where people are living longer, healthier and more productively than ever before. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a summary of the activities, achievements and objectives of “The Age of No Retirement” movement for social change since its inception on 1st October 2014. Findings – The spectacular demand for new thinking and design-led action across all sectors of society to break down the ageist stereotypes that are impeding age-neutral societal progress in the UK. Practical implications – Communities, employers, individuals – EVERYONE – can begin to harness the incredible power of the Xtra 10 (the extra ten years of healthy life expectancy that modern generations can now expect – in the middle of their lives!). Social implications – The social implications are almost limitless – for a new era of over-50 makers, designers, entrepreneurs, workers, leaders, learners, teachers, doers, intergenerational catalysts, etc., the list goes on. Originality/value – The Age of No Retirement is a design-led social enterprise that is driving new thinking in the Age space.

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Secular and religious volunteering among immigrants and natives in Denmark

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/0001699317717320 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 202-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hans-Peter Y Qvist

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Economic Status ◽

High Quality ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Social

During the last 20–30 years Western societies have witnessed large scale migration from the Global South. This has given rise to important challenges in securing the social, civic and political integration of non-Western immigrants into Western societies. Previous research has suggested that participation in volunteering in civil society can serve as a ‘stepping stone’ towards integration for immigrants. Whilst the previous studies have shown marked gaps in the propensity to participate in volunteering between immigrants and natives, little work has been done to identify the mechanisms that explain these gaps. In this study, high-quality survey data, linked with data from administrative registers, are used, with the application of logistic regression based on the Karlson–Holm–Breen method to conduct mediation analysis. The mediation analysis shows that non-Western immigrants are significantly less likely to participate in secular volunteering compared to natives; however, over half of this gap is explained by an indirect effect via socio-economic status, self-rated health, generalized trust, informal social networks and the intergenerational transmission of volunteering. Moreover, the mediation analysis suggests that non-Western immigrants are more likely to participate in religious volunteering: this is completely explained by a strong indirect effect occurring via religiosity.

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The effects of At Home in the Street (TOS): results of a Dutch community intervention in a four-year study

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-03-2017-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 32-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harrie Jonkman ◽

Ron van Wonderen

Keyword(s):

Emotional Development ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Multilevel Methods ◽

Future Research ◽

Social And Emotional Development ◽

Content Type ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

The Social ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

At Home

Purpose Research shows that growing up in unsafe neighbourhoods is a risk for the social and emotional development of children. At Home in the Street (TOS) is a community intervention that aims to create a clear, decent and emotionally safe environment for children in neighbourhoods. This programme is implemented in many communities in the Netherlands. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of TOS. Design/methodology/approach This study has a longitudinal (three waves), quasi-experimental design, which includes 644 children who live in either ten experimental or ten control neighbourhoods. The effects are examined by using the strengths and difficulties (SDQ) instrument and propensity score matching control techniques. Multilevel methods were used on multi-imputed data sets. Findings The intervention does not have a statistically significant effect on the social and emotional development of children. However, exploratory analysis suggests that it may have a positive effect if the intervention is used more intensively. Research limitations/implications Future research may be conducted for a longer period to identify more precisely the different effects of the intervention on the development in SDQ scores in relation to age and gender. Practical implications The intervention may be effective in the case of high programme quality. Developers should therefore continue to invest in programme quality. This also applies to other social interventions: in order to accomplish effective social investments, these should be combined with sound research, as shown in this study. Originality/value This study suggests that community interventions may be effective if used with particular regularity. The authors have also demonstrated that implementing this type of complex research is feasible if certain methods are used that help overcome these challenges.

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