Aastaanas of Magicians: A Ray of Hope for the Marginalised Community of Rawalpindi

People continue to believe in the efficacy of magic in the era of science and technology. Mythology pertaining to curative aspect of magic which is believed to solve the social, economic and medical problems of the people. Initially, a socio-economic survey of the households was conducted in Rawalpindi at Dhok Ratta and Dhok Khabba, which tapped 796 households. Later, 44 people who confessed using magic were interviewed with the help of an interview guide and participant observation at the aastaanas of the aamils. Mostly people who believed in the magical practices were inflicted with health, domestic, social and economic problems and sought magical cure as a last resort. The efficacy of magic is determined by socio-economic status, sex, marital status and education of the people rather than their belief in religion and fatalism.

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Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Bed Prasad Neupane

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Total Population ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Social Awareness ◽

Service Work ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Social ◽

Traditional Occupation

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.

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Evaluation of Socio-Economic Conditions of Coldwater Fish Farmers: A Case Study of Sikkim

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/19137 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 62-71

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Good Condition ◽

Total Sample ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Gini Coefficients ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The People

ABSTRACT The study analyses the socio-economic status, degree of income inequality and perceived socio-economic conditions of the fish farmers of the four districts of Sikkim. A total sample size of 200 fish farmers was selected from the four districts depending upon the presence of the number of farmers in each district. Purposive random sampling method was used and the results were analysed from descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentages. The degree of income inequality was analysed through Gini coefficients. The factors that determined the perceived socio-economic living conditions were analysed with a logistic regression model. The socio-economic status of the people was found to be in good condition and there were not many variations among the fish farmers of different districts. Most of the respondents had pucca houses with the combination of firewood and LPG as a source of cooking fuel and also had access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water and sanitation facilities in the households. The study also found that income inequality was not so severe amongst the fish farmers of the three districts except for the East district which had the strongest income inequality. The per capita income, housing condition and ratio of above primary education to total members had a significant impact on the perceived living conditions of the fish farmers. Keywords

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A Systematic Literature Review of Historic Garden Management and Its Economic Aspects

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10679

Author(s):

Cassandra Funsten ◽

Valeria Borsellino ◽

Emanuele Schimmenti

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Future Research ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Policy Documents ◽

Built Heritage ◽

The People ◽

Clear Vision ◽

The Social ◽

Management Literature ◽

Recent Policy

Historic gardens are important parts of humanity’s built heritage within the designed landscape, providing many environmental, economic and socio-cultural benefits. Management is a key part of their conservation, perhaps the most difficult because it is costly, must be continual, and requires a skilled workforce. This systematic review looks at the literature addressing historic garden management, with special attention regarding the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainability. Academic studies on this subject come from many different disciplines, making it both stimulating and fragmented. It is now time to consolidate these interdisciplinary efforts into a clear vision, including a framework of key themes and research methods so as to better coordinate efforts and make the information and innovation generated more accessible to the garden managers “in the trenches”. With this aim, reviewed studies are classified according to 10 criteria: supply or demand orientation; management phase involved; primary sustainability processes addressed; geographic criteria; number of sites covered; policy documents referred to; kind of data collected; study methods employed; possibility of bias specifically regarding historic gardens; garden use. An analysis of these criteria shows that historic garden management literature focuses on describing the gardens themselves, with few studies interested in the people supporting them. Future research should follow recent policy documents’ lead and pay more attention to community value and involvement.

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The Moderation Role of Being Valued by Teachers Over the Association Between School Children Motivation and Need for Competition

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211044179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110441

Author(s):

Cristina Maria Bostan ◽

Tudor Stanciu ◽

Răzvan-Lucian Andronic

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Social Constructivism ◽

Social Economic ◽

Economic Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Economic Status ◽

Motivation For Learning ◽

The Social ◽

The Family

Concordant with classical theoretical guidelines (i.e., social facilitation, social constructivism theory, and the Pygmalion effect) we tested the need for competition and perception of being valued by teachers to be better motivated for learning in school. We extend knowledge by testing these associations mediated by the social economic status given by the well-being of the family (i.e., controlling for gender and socio-economic status). A total of 214 Romanian students (45.3% boys) with ages between 13 and 17 years were administered the PEER questionnaire (i.e., perception of being valued by teachers, school-children motivation, and the need for competition). Results show a positive relation between the need for competition and motivation for learning. We also found positive relations between the perception of being valued by the teacher and motivation for learning and the need for competition. We conclude that motivation is higher when the need for competition is higher and the perception of being valued by teachers is higher.

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469 Sexual debut age according to the social economic status in Korea

Journal of Sexual Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. S294

Author(s):

S. Yoo ◽

J. Park ◽

M.C. Cho ◽

H. Son

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Economic Status ◽

Social Economic Status ◽

The Social

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Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu

KMC Research Journal ◽

10.3126/kmcrj.v2i2.29951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 71-94

Author(s):

Neelam Shahi

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Economic Status ◽

Household Survey ◽

Third Party ◽

Home Affair ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

Tibetan Refugees ◽

Sampling Survey

This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur. This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps. The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal

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The Impact of Socio Economic Status on Emotional Intelligence and Creativity among Tribal Adolescent Students

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0301.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Chandrakant Jamadar ◽

Sindhu A

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Social Economic ◽

Economic Status ◽

The Other ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Social Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Impact

The present study is an attempt to investigate the conjoint off impact of Social Economic Status towards the prediction of Emotional intelligence and Creativity among tribal students. Accordingly,100 tribal samples, 50boys and 50girls of VIII, IX & X class from Vivekananda Tribal Centre for learning(VTCL), Hosahalli, H.D.Kote, Mysore. The Socio Economic Status scale by Meenakshi(2004), Emotional Intelligence by Upinder Dhar(2010), and creativity test by Wallach-kogan. The results revealed that High Socio Economic Status students have more Emotional Intelligence and creative than the Low Socio Economic Status Students. Girls and boys have same level of Emotional Intelligence and Creativity. In Emotional Intelligence is no differences in three community students but in creativity Yerava Students have more creative than the other two community students.

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Women and Genocide in Africa

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.552 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erin Jessee

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

International Law ◽

Economic Status ◽

Women’S Experiences ◽

Resistance Movements ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Women's Experiences ◽

The Social ◽

Written Sources

Genocide, defined in international law as killings and related mass atrocities that are committed “with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group,” has negatively impacted countless communities across Africa over the centuries. The resulting historical literature is strongest regarding those genocides that occurred in the 20th and 21st centuries due to a tendency to privilege written sources. Within this literature, African women’s experiences remain understudied compared to the experiences of men, despite widespread recognition that genocides often affect people differently according to their gender identity. However, in looking at the widely studied examples of colonial genocides in Belgian-occupied Congo (1885–1908) and German-occupied Namibia (1904–1908), and the subsequent genocides in Burundi (1972), Rwanda (1994), and Sudan (2003–2008), it becomes evident that perpetrators have targeted women in particular ways as part of their broader efforts to exterminate unwanted communities. While women are frequently killed alongside men during genocides, the literature on these case studies abounds with examples of sexual violence, particularly rape, that the perpetrators inflict upon women as part of their efforts to undermine the social vitality of their intended victims’ communities. Women’s experiences of genocide are often far more diverse than the literature’s singular focus on sexual violence suggests, however. The case of Rwanda demonstrates that women can also serve as combatants and perpetrators, while the case of Belgian-occupied Congo reveals that women can lead resistance movements in opposition to genocidal violence. Similarly, German-occupied Namibia and Rwanda demonstrate that women can serve important roles in rebuilding their communities and advocating for recognition and reparations in the post-genocide period. Scholars are beginning to pay greater attention to women’s diverse experiences of genocide, but there is a great deal of research to be undertaken, particularly regarding how different facets of women’s identities, such as class, ethnicity, and socio-economic status, among others, shape their experiences of genocide.

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