Understanding security in the government's use of blockchain technology with value focused thinking approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaki Tshering ◽  
Shang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Value Focused Thinking ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Security Values ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structured Approach

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to assess security concerns in government's use of Blockchain technology through the lens of value focused thinking (VFT) approach.Design/methodology/approachQualitative methods such as open ended questions and interviews were used to gather data and the data was analysed in a structured approach to formulate a means-ends network of objectives. The data were collected from eight interviews of selected participants.FindingsThe findings are 35 objectives of which ten are fundamental objectives related to the values of identity, trust, data privacy, transparency, integrity, public service delivery, cost, availability of public information, responsibility and usability.Practical implicationsThe study implies that governments or private organisations building blockchain solutions for governments can benefit from insights on values to focus on in blockchain security; and the current research serves as a base to understand more on blockchain use in the governments as well as security values and application of VFT approach for future academic researchers in this area.Social implicationsIt is a need-driven approach in which blockchain is assessed to ensure its fit to societal needs and public values.Originality/valueIt is first of its kind in studying security in blockchain use by government through the lens of VFT approach, and it provides insights of values that are of importance to further blockchain use in the government.

Skin lands in Ghana and application of blockchain technology for acquisition and title registration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena Mintah ◽  
Kingsley Tetteh Baako ◽  
Godwin Kavaarpuo ◽  
Gideon Kwame Otchere
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Title Registration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Land Transactions

Purpose The land sector in Ghana, particularly skin lands acquisition and title registration are fraught with several issues including unreliable record-keeping systems and land encroachments. The paper explores the potential of blockchain application in skin lands acquisition and title registration in Ghana with the aim of developing a blockchain-enabled framework for land acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to use the framework as a tool towards solving some of the loopholes in the process that leads to numerous issues bedeviling the current system. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a systematic literature review approach fused with informal discussions with key informants and leverages on the researchers’ own experiences to conceptualize blockchain application in skin lands acquisition in Ghana. Findings Problems bedeviling skin lands acquisition and title registration emanated from the issuance of allocation notes, payment of kola money and use of a physical ledger to document land transactions. As a result, the developed framework was designed to respond to these issues and deal with the problems. As the proposed blockchain framework would be a public register, it was argued that information on all transactions on a specific parcel of land could be available to the public in real-time. This enhances transparency and possibly resolves the issue of encroachments and indeterminate land boundaries because stakeholders can determine rightful owners of land parcels before initiating transactions. Practical implications Practically, blockchain technology has the potential to deal with the numerous issues affecting the smooth operation of skin lands acquisition and title registration in Ghana. Once the enumerated issues are resolved, there will be certainty of title to and ownership of land and property to drive investments because lenders could more easily ascertain owners of land parcels that could be used as collateral for securing loans. Similarly, property developers and land purchasers could easily identify rightful owners for land transactions. The government would be able to identify owners for land and property taxation. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on blockchain and application to land acquisition and title registration with a focus on a specific customary land ownership system.

New rules strengthen data privacy in China

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
The Government

Subject Data privacy regulations in China. Significance This year has been a turning point for data privacy in China. Internet majors Alibaba and Baidu faced lawsuits and official warnings over data privacy violations. The government has begun enforcing stricter privacy rules and new rules lay the groundwork for a privacy regime that will protect citizens from privacy encroachments and misuse of their data by companies. Impacts The similarities between the Chinese and EU frameworks will facilitate economic exchanges. The new rules may create difficulties for US or Australian firms in China, which lack a comprehensive privacy regulatory framework Relaxing policies on encryption will level the playing field for foreign encryption companies in China.

China's cybersecurity law will constrain foreign firms

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of

Subject China's forthcoming cybersecurity legislation. Significance Public consultation has just opened on a new draft cybersecurity law. The draft's definition of 'security' includes not only technical elements but also regime survival and social stability. Impacts Operators of 'critical information infrastructure' will have to localise their user data within the territory of China. The law could provide a legal basis for retaliating against efforts to circumvent the Great Firewall. The government will support China's IT sector, considering technological independence necessary for national security. The law will place new obligations on businesses regarding protection of data privacy.

India backs blockchain but adoption will be cautious

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
Foreign Exchanges

Subject Blockchain adoption in India. Significance On April 22 the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a directive ordering all cryptocurrency accounts on Indian exchanges to close by July. Despite this, on May 16 Indian information technology giant Infosys, in collaboration with seven major banks, launched a blockchain-driven trade finance initiative. In his budget speech, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said that the government will “explore …blockchain technology …for ushering in digital economy”. Impacts The ban on trading cryptocurrencies on Indian exchanges will drive investors to foreign exchanges rather than away from the asset class. The RBI ban on entities under its influence engaging in services relating to cryptocurrencies will slow blockchain adoption. Tests of blockchain in trade finance, 'know your customer' data and non-performing asset management will extend to other applications. Indian cities including Vizag in Andhra Pradesh are leading in adopting blockchain, supporting regional development.

Public value of e-government services through emerging technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Valle-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Government Services

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that generate public value in e-government services through emerging technologies and to answer the following question: Which are the factors that generate public value, in the e-government services, through emerging technologies? Design/methodology/approach Based on a multivariate linear regression model, the author tests the public value of e-government services through emerging technologies in the metropolitan area of the Toluca Valley. Five factors are evaluated to understand public value: anti-corruption strategies, access to public information, transparency platforms, social media and service kiosks. Findings Smart strategies and technologies must be guided by the generation of public value through anti-corruption strategies, open data, access to information and data privacy. The efforts of governments should focus on avoiding corruption, making government transparent, opening data and correct handling of information privacy. Technology is an important mechanism to boost public value generation. Research limitations/implications Mexico is a developing country, and there are very few emerging technologies implemented in e-Government. Practical implications The results are important to identify good practices for the generation of public value in the e-Government area. Originality/value The study of emerging technologies is a new area in government, and this paper studies the generation of public value through emerging technologies in a developing country.

Exploring the intellectual cores of the blockchain–Internet of Things (BIoT)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.P. Tsang ◽  
C.H. Wu ◽  
W.H. Ip ◽  
Wen-Lung Shiau
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Structural Framework

PurposeDue to the rapid growth of blockchain technology in recent years, the fusion of blockchain and the Internet of Things (BIoT) has drawn considerable attention from researchers and industrial practitioners and is regarded as a future trend in technological development. Although several authors have conducted literature reviews on the topic, none have examined the development of the knowledge structure of BIoT, resulting in scattered research and development (R&D) efforts.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the intellectual core of BIoT through a co-citation proximity analysis–based systematic review (CPASR) of the correlations between 44 highly influential articles out of 473 relevant research studies. Subsequently, we apply a series of statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), k-means clustering (KMC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) to establish the intellectual core.FindingsOur findings indicate that there are nine categories in the intellectual core of BIoT: (1) data privacy and security for BIoT systems, (2) models and applications of BIoT, (3) system security theories for BIoT, (4) frameworks for BIoT deployment, (5) the fusion of BIoT with emerging methods and technologies, (6) applied security strategies for using blockchain with the IoT, (7) the design and development of industrial BIoT, (8) establishing trust through BIoT and (9) the BIoT ecosystem.Originality/valueWe use the CPASR method to examine the intellectual core of BIoT, which is an under-researched and topical area. The paper also provides a structural framework for investigating BIoT research that may be applicable to other knowledge domains.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Law Establishment Regarding Block-Chain Technology in Indonesia Based on the Perspective of Dignified Justice (Keadilan Bermartabat)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Teguh Prasetyo ◽  
Rizky P.P. Karo Karo ◽  
Vena Pricilia ◽  
Natasha Setiadinata
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
The Government

AbstractBlock-chain technology has been utilized in various countries in the world, specifically in Indonesia. Block-chain brings positive impact on the development of businesses in Indonesia, but it also has negative impacts if the government of Indonesia doesn�t keep an eye on it. The Positive impacts are that block-chain can improve the efficiency of time and transactions fee. But on the other hand, block-chain gives opportunity to the beginning of cybercrime, for example data theft, client�s financial data. The formulation of problems are: 1. What is the urgency of the establishment of law concerning block-chain technology utilization in Indonesia based on the perspective of dignified justice; 2. What kind of legal protection should be established concerning consumer and business founder protection on the utilization block-chain technology. This research method is a normative empirical method conducted the way of analyzing norms, the laws and regulation on regarding the topic and with profound interviews with experts/officials who has decent knowledge in this specific area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the consumer and founder protection related on the usage of block-chain and to give an input to the ministry on the urgency of the formation of the law on blockchain in Indonesia. The results of this study are that the blockchain technology has been used in various businesses, such as financial / banking sector, agriculture, etc. Blockchain technology can change the paradigm in the financial sector from a centralized system to a decentralized system and to improve system security. Blockchain must be monitored because the blockchain system contained data privacy, financial privacy to prevent the criminal acts. The conclusion is that the supervision of the blockchain system is carried out by forming special regulations on the blockchain or adding new norms which are based on the dignified justice about blockchain in Bank Indonesia Regulations or Financial Services Authority Regulations related to financial technology.Keywords: Blockchain, Consumers Protection, Money Laundering, Renewal Law, Justice Dignity (Keadilan Bermartabat)Urgensi Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Terkait Teknologi Blockchain di Indonesia berdasarkan Keadilan BermartabatAbstrakTeknologi blockchain telah banyak dimanfaatkan di berbagai negara di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Penggunaan blockchain membawa dampak positif bagi pengembangan dunia bisnis di Indonesia, namun juga memiliki dampak negatif jika tidak diawasi oleh baik oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Dampak positif penggunaan blockchain dapat meningkatkan efisiensi waktu, biaya lalu lintas transaksi keuangan. Namun disatu sisi, blockchain menimbulkan dampak negatif yakni membuka peluang munculnya kejahatan dunia maya (cybercrime) misalnya pencurian data privasi, data keuangan nasabah. Adapun yang menjadi rumusan masalah adalah: 1. Apakah yang menjadi urgensi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait manfaat teknologi blockchain di Indonesia berdasarkan perspektif keadilan yang bermartabat; 2. Apa jenis perlindungan hukum yang perlu dibangun tentang perlindungan konsumer dan pelaku usaha dalam penggunaan teknologi block chain. Metode yang digunakan ialah normatif empiris yang dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis norma, peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap topik yang diangkat dan dengan metode wawancara yang mendalam kepada narasumber/pejabat yang memiliki kompetensi di bidang tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perlindungan konsumen & pelaku usaha terkait penggunaan blockchain dan untuk memberi masukan bagi Kementerian terkait tentang urgensi pembentukan peraturan penggunaan blockchain di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini adalah teknologi blockchain telah dipergunakan di pelbagai usaha, baik di sektor keuangan/perbankan, pertanian dan lain sebagainya. Teknologi blockchain dapat merubah paradigma di sektor keuangan dari sistem sentralisasi menuju sistem desentralisasi dan untuk meningkatkan keamanan sistem. Blockchain wajib diawasi karena di dalam sistem blockchain terdapat privasi data, privasi keuangan dan agar tidak disalahgunakan untuk melakukan tindak pidana. Kesimpulannya adalah pengawasan sistem blockchain dilaksanakan dengan membentuk peraturan khusus tentang blockchain atau menambahkan norma baru yang berprinsipkan keadilan bermartabat tentang blockchain dalam Peraturan Bank Indonesia ataupun Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan yang terkait teknologi finansial.�Kata Kunci: Blockchain, Perlindungan Konsumen, Pencucian Uang, Pembaharuan Hukum, Keadilan Bermartabat

The applicability of blockchain technology in healthcare contexts to contain COVID-19 challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raihanul Hasan ◽  
Shiming Deng ◽  
Neegar Sultana ◽  
Muhammed Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Era ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Control And Prevention

PurposeBlockchain technology, a key feature of the fourth industrial revolution, is receiving widespread attention and exploration around the world. Taking the coronavirus pandemic as an example, the purpose of this study to examine the application of blockchain technology from the perspective of epidemic prevention and control.Design/methodology/approachExploring multiple case studies in the Chinese context at various stages of deployment, this study documents a framework about how some of the major challenges associated with COVID-19 can be alleviated by leveraging blockchain technology.FindingsThe case studies and framework presented herein show that utilization of blockchain acts as an enabler to facilitate the containment of several COVID-19 challenges. These challenges include the following: complications associated with medical data sharing; breaches of patients' data privacy; absence of real-time monitoring tools; counterfeit medical products and non-credible suppliers; fallacious insurance claims; overly long insurance claim processes; misappropriations of funds; and misinformation, rumors and fake news.Originality/valueBlockchain is ushering in a new era of innovation that will lay the foundation for a new paradigm in health care. As there are currently insufficient studies pertaining to real-life case studies of blockchain and COVID-19 interaction, this study adds to the literature on the role of blockchain technology in epidemic control and prevention.

A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Rachita Gupta ◽  
Sreejit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Purpose Over last few years, a major innovation known as blockchain technology has emerged as potentially one of the most disruptive technology of recent times. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze various critical success factors (CSFs) that can facilitate success of blockchain-based cloud services. Further, this paper aims to analyze and understand mutual interactions among these CSFs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 19 CSFs have been identified through literature review and expert opinions. The hierarchical framework developed using total interpretive structural modeling has revealed the inter-dependencies among these CSFs. The methodology employed in this study provides a mechanism to conduct an exploratory study by identifying the factors and analyzing their interactions through the development of a hierarchical framework. This research further categorizes CSFs into multiple clusters based on their driving power and dependence power. Findings This paper has identified 19 CSFs, namely, user engagement, industry collaboration, rich ecosystem, blockchain technology standardization, regulatory clarity, cost efficiency, energy efficiency (wasted resources), handling blockchain bloat, miner incentives, business case alignment to blockchain capability, sidechains development, blockchain talent pool availability, leadership readiness for a decentralized consensus based technology, technology investment and maturity, trust on blockchain networks, integration with other cloud services, robust and mature smart contracts platform, blockchain security and user control on data (privacy). Further, driver and dependent variables have been identified. Research limitations/implications Future research can discover and detail the sub-factors behind the 19 CSFs identified in this paper. Additionally, more work can be done to extend the current structural model for blockchain-based services to a more functional form. Practical implications It provides a comprehensive list of CSFs that are relevant for development of blockchain-based cloud services. This will help industry leaders to strategically focus on the main drivers that will ensure that businesses get maximum benefit of this disruptive technology. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution in the literature of blockchain-based cloud services, which captures the perspective of different stakeholders. This study is one of the first (if not the first) systematic research on adoption of blockchain-based services. It creates the foundation to carry out further research in this area.

Designing privacy-friendly data repositories: a framework for a blockchain that follows the GDPR

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Abdullah ◽  
Izzat Alsmadi ◽  
Ruwaida AlAbdullah ◽  
Bernie Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Privacy Risk ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Architectural Tactics

Purpose The paper posits that a solution for businesses to use privacy-friendly data repositories for its customers’ data is to change from the traditional centralized repository to a trusted, decentralized data repository. Blockchain is a technology that provides such a data repository. However, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) assumed a centralized data repository, and it is commonly argued that blockchain technology is not usable. This paper aims to posit a framework for adopting a blockchain that follows the GDPR. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the Levy and Ellis’ narrative review of literature methodology, which is based on constructivist theory posited by Lincoln and Guba. Using five information systems and computer science databases, the researchers searched for studies using the keywords GDPR and blockchain, using a forward and backward search technique. The search identified a corpus of 416 candidate studies, from which the researchers applied pre-established criteria to select 39 studies. The researchers mined this corpus for concepts, which they clustered into themes. Using the accepted computer science practice of privacy by design, the researchers combined the clustered themes into the paper’s posited framework. Findings The paper posits a framework that provides architectural tactics for designing a blockchain that follows GDPR to enhance privacy. The framework explicitly addresses the challenges of GDPR compliance using the unimagined decentralized storage of personal data. The framework addresses the blockchain–GDPR tension by establishing trust between a business and its customers vis-à-vis storing customers’ data. The trust is established through blockchain’s capability of providing the customer with private keys and control over their data, e.g. processing and access. Research limitations/implications The paper provides a framework that demonstrates that blockchain technology can be designed for use in GDPR compliant solutions. In using the framework, a blockchain-based solution provides the ability to audit and monitor privacy measures, demonstrates a legal justification for processing activities, incorporates a data privacy policy, provides a map for data processing and ensures security and privacy awareness among all actors. The research is limited to a focus on blockchain–GDPR compliance; however, future research is needed to investigate the use of the framework in specific domains. Practical implications The paper posits a framework that identifies the strategies and tactics necessary for GDPR compliance. Practitioners need to compliment the framework with rigorous privacy risk management, i.e. conducting a privacy risk analysis, identifying strategies and tactics to address such risks and preparing a privacy impact assessment that enhances accountability and transparency of a blockchain. Originality/value With the increasingly strategic use of data by businesses and the contravening growth of data privacy regulation, alternative technologies could provide businesses with a means to nurture trust with its customers regarding collected data. However, it is commonly assumed that the decentralized approach of blockchain technology cannot be applied to this business need. This paper posits a framework that enables a blockchain to be designed that follows the GDPR; thereby, providing an alternative for businesses to collect customers’ data while ensuring the customers’ trust.

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