scholarly journals A literature review about the prevalence and identification of people with an intellectual disability within court Liaison and Diversion services

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Karina Marshall-Tate ◽  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Annmarie Grealish
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals ◽  
Court Liaison ◽  
Research Studies

Purpose Expert consensus is that people with an intellectual disability are over represented across the criminal justice setting (CJS). Primary research studies have been conducted in police stations and prisons, but little is known about the prevalence of this population in the court setting. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review to find out more about the prevalence of defendants with an intellectual disability in court. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted using standard systematic review methodology (Julian et al., 2011) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines (Moher et al., 2009). Findings Two papers met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. The papers reported prevalence findings ranging from 10%–20%. Research limitations/implications Differences in study design, sampling, recruitment and diagnostic criteria affect the ability to make comparisons or synthesise findings. Practical implications It is important that future primary and secondary research studies standardise operational terms to enable true comparison between studies, systematic reviews and evidence syntheses. Social implications Defendants with an intellectual disability need to be identified to enable criminal justice professionals to make reasonable adjustments to proceedings and consider diversion and alternative disposal options. This will likely improve outcomes for this population and reduce recidivism. Originality/value This literature review contributes to the growing evidence base about meeting the criminal justice needs of people with a learning disability and recognition of the increased prevalence across the CJS and specifically within the court setting.

scholarly journals A scoping literature review of the provision of orthoses and prostheses in resource-limited environments 2000–2010. Part two: Research and outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J Ikeda ◽  
Alena M Grabowski ◽  
Alida Lindsley ◽  
Ebrahim Sadeghi-Demneh ◽  
Kim D Reisinger
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Research Studies

Background:Despite the activities of many orthotic and prosthetic provision organizations in resource-limited environments, there is still a great need and there are several areas for improvement, as identified in Part One of this series.Objectives:Our goal was to examine outcomes and conclusions of research studies to produce an evidence base for determining factors that may lead to successful provision of orthoses and prostheses in resource-limited environments.Study design:Literature review.Methods:We conducted a scoping literature review of all information related to orthotic and prosthetic provision in resource-limited environments published from 2000 to 2010. We extracted measured outcomes reported in all types of articles and analyzed conclusions from research studies.Results:Reported outcomes included durability, cost, satisfaction, use/nonuse of device, amount of utilization, walking speed, discomfort, pain, fit, misalignment, capacity for service provision, number of devices produced or delivered, and number of graduates from training programs.Conclusions:There are many gaps in the evidence base, notably in measuring inclusion, participation, and quality of life for orthosis and prosthesis users in resource-limited environments. There is a paucity of reported outcomes for orthotics. Valid, reliable, and standard methods of data collection and reporting are needed to advance the field and enhance the evidence base.

A crime to be punished or a problem to be solved? Anti-social behaviour orders and young people with mild learning disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Cino
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically explore the impact of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) on young people with mild learning disabilities. In an attempt to identify why young people (under the age of 18) with learning disabilities are exposed to the criminal justice system, an emerging body of evidence is considered. The research provides an insight into some of the difficulties vulnerable young people may encounter, such as receiving unrealistic prohibitions and the lack of support provided after receiving a court order. The research also highlights the lack of professional awareness and understanding of learning disabilities and considers the level of training available to professionals. The paper closes with a discussion of the themes identified from the literature reviewed and some of the changes proposed by the coalition government regarding the future of the criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach – Although a strict systematic review of the literature was not required for the literature review, a less rigorous systematic approach was employed. When searching for literature, the general principles and guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration were employed, this included inclusion and exclusion criteria. The eligibility criteria guided the focus of the literature review and determined the relevance of the research. During the literature review it was recognised that much of the research is discussion/review based, and currently there is a limited amount of empirical research available. An eco-systems perspective was employed to consider the connections between young people, the environment and anti-social behaviour (ASB). Findings – The findings from the literature review, illustrate a growing body of evidence which suggests that young people with learning disabilities have been “caught up” in ASB measures. It is positive that more recently, there has been a much needed focus on early identification and diversion away from the criminal justice system, for those with mental health conditions and learning disabilities. The research findings presented by Cant and Standen, and Talbot, provide possible explanations as to why vulnerable young people are made subject to ASBOs. Indeed this lack of sufficient training has not gone unnoticed by other researchers. Research limitations/implications – Although the author is aware of the valuable insight qualitative research can provide, the methodological limitations raise questions regarding the validity of the research the author has considered, especially as most of the research the author has drawn upon is based on exploratory approaches. Nevertheless, the concurring themes drawn from the research findings raise much curiosity around the potential links between disability awareness training and the identification of young people with mild learning disabilities. Practical implications – Despite the governments recent proposal to abolish the ASBO and introduce a new approach to tackling ASB, it appears unclear as to how the new measures will differ from the existing ones. The recent proposed measures are set out in the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. Although the accompanying guidance for frontline professionals clearly sets out the need for early intervention, which sits alongside a new menu of ASB powers, including the Criminal Behaviour Order (which seems very similar to the ASBO), it is disappointing that the guidance does not give any direction of how new measures will impact on young people with learning disabilities. Social implications – Although the ASBO was not initially designed to target children and young people, it is clear from the literature that certain families and young people are often singled out and labelled as “anti-social”. It is unsurprising, that children and young people from poor families, with low educational attainment, limited employment opportunities and live in the most marginalised and deprived communities are amongst those who are singled out as being particularly problematic. Originality/value – The research findings have helped me to understand some of the potential difficulties vulnerable young people may encounter if they come into contact with the criminal justice system. As there appears to be a lack of empirical research available which considers the connections between learning disabilities and ASBOs, further research within this area of practice would be beneficial. The research invites an alternative perspective which adds to the existing literature.

scholarly journals Compassion in mental health: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Joy M. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Academic Researcher ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the current literature on compassion in mental health from a historical, service user and carer (SUAC)/academic researcher perspective with respect to the current paradigm/biomedical model. Design/methodology/approach Searches were conducted in CIANHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, British Education Index, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, Scorpus, Proquest Central using a simplified PRISM approach. Findings In the UK, the SUAC-movement facilitated the adoption of more compassionate mental health in statutory services. Across the world, compassion-based approaches may be viewed as beneficial, especially to those experiencing a biomedical model “treatment”. Health-care workers, suffering burnout and fatigue during neoliberal economics, benefit from compassion training, both in their practice and personally. Randomised control trials (RCTs) demonstrate compassion-type interventions are effective, given sufficient intervention timing, duration and design methodology. Psychology creates outcome measures of adequacies and deficiencies in compassion, demonstrating their importance statistically, with reservations. The effective protection of mental health by self-compassion in both SUACs and health care professionals is evident. It is clear from qualitative research that SUACs prefer compassionate mental health. It also makes a large difference to mental health in general populations. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are given, including a necessity to fund RCTs comparing compassionate mental health interventions with the biomedical model. Unless statutory mental health services adopt this emerging evidence base, medics and their SUACs will continue to rely on pharmaceuticals. Originality/value This is the first integrated literature review of compassion in mental health from a historical, SUAC/academic researcher viewpoint using all research methodologies.

Predictors of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Koritsas ◽  
Teresa Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which mental health, physical health, communication, learned function of the behaviour(s), severity of disability, living arrangement, age, and gender, alone or in combination, predicted challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 74 adults with intellectual disability and their paid carers were recruited into the study from adult disability services in Victoria, Australia. Paid carers provided information about participants with intellectual disability on a range of measures targeting each variable of interest. Findings – Based on principle components analyses of three challenging behaviour measures, two topographies of challenging behaviour emerged: contact and non-contact behaviours. Multiple regression analysis revealed that contact behaviours were predicted by anxiety scores and severity of disability. In addition to severity of disability and anxiety scores, non-contact behaviours were also predicted by sensory scores. Practical implications – The results of the current study indicate that contact and non-contact behaviours were determined by multiple factors. Clinicians and others who work with people who display challenging behaviour may, therefore, find it helpful to utilise the biopsychosocial model in their formulations of possible reasons that motivate a person to engage in challenging behaviour. Originality/value – These results contribute to the evidence base available to clinicians and researchers to guide future assessment for challenging behaviour. Expansion of functional assessment methods to explore factors not traditionally included, such as mental health and severity of intellectual disability, as causes of challenging behaviour, may prove helpful.

Use of social media information sources: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Research Studies

PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate reading format preference of undergraduate students with regard to various categories of information sources and use of social media information sources for academic and non-academic activities.Design/methodology/approachAn exhaustive literature review was carried out in a very well organised way using total 56 publications which include 48 research papers, four conference papers, two books and two reports, which were selected for analysis on the basis of prescribed data schema and adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria matching with the research objectives of the study.FindingsUndergraduate students preferred text books in print format for passing the exams, and use of search engines and Internet sites were rated as the most crucial source for the academic information. In particular, Wikipedia, YouTube and Blogs were the most frequently used social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic activities. However, Facebook and Twitter were most prominently used for social interaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of the study was restricted to the homogenous group of users, i.e. undergraduate students to examine their choices and preferences for their academic and non-academic activities. Further research studies may be conducted covering the more diverse and heterogeneous user group of postgraduate students and research scholars of different disciplines.Originality/valueGenerally, many previous research studies depicted users' preference for print and electronic media format without paying special attention on the usage of a variety of information sources by user groups. However, the present study is a value addition to the existing literature which emphasised the use of various categories of information sources, particularly by undergraduate students in print and digital format for different purposes in the digital environment. A major shift from the use of print media to digital media to social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic and non-academic activities.

Supporting justice-involved people with extreme complex needs in the Australian community: a third sector practice perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Hanley ◽  
Helen Simpson ◽  
Juan M. Tauri
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Criminal Justice Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Work

Purpose This qualitative research aims to explore staff perspectives on working effectively with people with intellectual disability who are in contact with the criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach Taking a case study approach, staff working for a third sector community organisation were interviewed about the components of effective work with their customers. The staff supported people engaged in the Community Justice Program. Findings Staff consistently described relationship building as the most important part of their work. There were three components to relationship building: the process of relationship building, the elements of a high-quality staff–customer relationship and the staff skills needed to develop a good relationship. Originality/value This paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, it focuses our attention on a third sector organisation supporting people in contact with the justice system as opposed to a formal criminal justice agency. Second, the paper seeks to understand the processes and skills staff deploy to build a high-quality relationship with criminal justice-involved people with intellectual disability.

Epistemological freedom: activating co-learning and co-production to decolonise knowledge production

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheen Khan ◽  
Hanna A. Ruszczyk ◽  
Mohammad Feisal Rahman ◽  
Saleemul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Research Studies

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to challenge and address the limitations of the traditional system of knowledge production that is embedded in disaster and climate change research studies, and research studies in general. It argues that knowledge production in research processes conforms to colonialist thinking or west-inspired approaches. Such a system often results in the omission of crucial information due to a lack of participation, inclusion and diversity in knowledge production.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes practices and recommendations to decolonise knowledge production in disaster and climate change research studies, and research studies in general. It provides a brief literature review on the concepts of decolonisation of knowledge and epistemological freedom, and its origins; assesses the need for knowledge decolonisation, emphasising on the integration of local knowledge from grassroots women-led initiatives in instances where disasters and crises are being investigated in vulnerable communities, especially in the Global South; and finally the paper proposes to decolonise knowledge production through activating co-learning and co-production. The practices have been developed from the work of relevant authors in the field and case studies.FindingsThrough a brief literature review on previous discourses on the topic of knowledge decolonisation and analysis of recent case studies on disaster and crisis management and community resilience, the paper finds that there exists a lack of pluralism and inclusion in epistemology which limits the pursuit to obtain the whole truth in the production of knowledge in research studies.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the discussion of decolonisation of knowledge in the field of disaster and climate change research studies, and research processes in general. It provides in-depth analyses of recent case studies of emerging community resilience and local practices that were crucial in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.

Models for maintenance planning and scheduling – a citation-based literature review and content analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Asif Raza ◽  
Abdul Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Bibliometric Data ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Research Studies

PurposeThe findings of this study have lightened the focal research areas in maintenance planning and scheduling. These also served as effective guidelines for future studies in this area. This research, therefore, contributes in fulfilling the gap by carrying out an SLR of contemporary research studies in the area of models for maintenance planning and scheduling. At present, SLR rooted in BA has not been carried focusing on a survey over models for maintenance planning and scheduling. SLR uses advanced scientific methodologies from BA tools to unveil thematic structures.Design/methodology/approachWe have systematically reviewed over 1,021 peer-reviewed journal articles. Advanced contemporary tools from Bibliometric Analysis (BA) are used to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). First, exploratory analysis is presented, highlighting the influential authors, sources and region amongst other key indices. Second, the large bibliographical data is visualized using co-citation network analyses, and research clusters (themes) are identified. The co-citation network is extended into a dynamic co-citation network and unveils the evolution of the research clusters. Last, cluster-based content analysis and historiographical analysis is carried out to predict the prospect of future research studies.FindingsBA tools first outlined an exploratory analysis that noted influential authors, production countries, top-cited papers and frequent keywords. Later, the bibliometric data of over 1,021 documents is visualized using co-citation network analyses. Later, a dynamic co-citation analysis identified the evolution of research clusters over time. A historiographical direct citation analysis also unveils potential research directions. We have clearly observed that there are two main streams of maintenance planning and scheduling applications. The first has focused on joint maintenance and operations on machines. The second focused on integrated production and maintenance models in an echelon setting for unrealizable production facilities.Originality/valueThere are many literature review-based research studies that have contributed to maintenance scheduling research surveys. However, most studies have adopted traditional approaches, which often fall short in handling large bibliometric data and therefore suffer from selection biases from the authors. As a result, in this area, the existing reviews could be non-comprehensive. This study bridges the research gap by conducting an SLR of maintenance models, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been carried out before this study.

scholarly journals Prioritizing marketing research in virtual reality: development of an immersion/fantasy typology

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Cowan ◽  
Seth Ketron
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Retail Service ◽  
Research Studies

Purpose Virtual reality (VR) is of increasing interest to marketers because it can be used to explore and proactively shape long-term futures, co-create value with consumers, and foster consumer-brand engagement. Yet, to date, the field lacks a cohesive framework for approaching VR research; thus, the objective of this systematic literature review is to provide such a framework and highlight research opportunities. Design/methodology/approach First, after conducting a systematic literature review, we highlight VR themes instrumental to flow and propose a typology for VR research using realism-fantasy and immersion as dimensions. Next, we review the current state of empirical research for each quadrant. Finally, we synthesize research within each quadrant, specifying criteria and considerations for conducting research. In doing so, we propose an agenda for marketing research, centered on methodological, future studies, and consumer-related contributions. Findings VR themes instrumental to flow include the avatar, application quality, and interactivity. We find, contrary to some conceptualizations of VR, that all applications are capable of producing flow. Conflicting research and gaps are highlighted in the findings section and summarized in Table III. Additionally, while prior research seems to draw from findings of other VR applications in advancing knowledge in general, the results of the literature review suggest that VR applications should be treated uniquely. Finally, we propose highly immersive VR applications as more conducive to future studies research. Research limitations/implications Scholars can utilize the findings to prioritize future research studies in marketing. By following the typology and research opportunities, scholars can advance marketing theory and enhance the external validity of research studies through VR applications. Practical implications Managers can utilize the findings to ascertain consumers and societies‘ responses to various marketing stimuli, with implications for product development, branding, retail/service experiences, adoption of new technologies, tourism, and many other domains. VR applications offer managers more ways of testing concepts and processes in realistic fashion without the costs and risks associated with more traditional methods. Originality/value The objective of this paper is to examine varying opportunities for VR research given flow and fantasy potential and to prioritize VR research.

Using crime data in academic research: issues of comparability and integrity

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Ludwig ◽  
Mary Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crime Data ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Using Data

Purpose – Research into crime is reliant on data that is recorded and published by criminal justice agencies; data which is collected for other purposes. Considering the suitability of geocoded crime data for academic research purposes, this paper will demonstrate the difficulties faced regarding the availability, integrity and reliability of readily accessible criminal justice data. Design/methodology/approach – Data from two countries – England and Germany – were considered and set in a wider European Union (EU) context. Using the data received from requests made to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in England and openly published reports and data available from Germany, the authors provide a contextual picture of the availability and operability of data recorded by these agencies. Geocoded data that enable cross-national comparisons with respect to immigration, ethnicity and crime are particularly hard to locate, and conducting research using data (such as crime data) whose “integrity” is questionable in an academic environment becomes increasingly problematic. Findings – Analysing secondary data produced by a number of agencies are amplified due to the different methods of collection, management, retention and dissemination. It was found that even within England, the information provided by police forces varied greatly. Data in Germany were found to be more openly available and published electronically by a number of different criminal justice agencies; however, many of the issues apparent in English data regarding data integrity were also identified here. Originality/value – The need for good record-keeping and information sharing practices has taken on added significance in today’s global environment. The better availability of comparable criminal justice data has the potential to provide academics with increased opportunities to develop an evidence base for policymaking.

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