Linking authentic leadership to subordinate behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Bryan Fuller ◽  
Kim Hester ◽  
Rebecca J. Bennett ◽  
Marcia Simmering Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how authentic leadership influences employees’ workplace behavior through three intermediate mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach The cross-sectional surveys were conducted at a large health organization with over 500 employees. Multi-source data were drawn from 124 employees and 16 supervisors. Findings This study provides empirical evidence that authentic leadership is positively related to subordinates’ proactive behavior and negatively related to subordinates’ workplace deviance behavior through mediation effects of three psychological factors, including supervisor identification, psychological safety, and job engagement. Research limitations/implications Due to the selected survey approach, the data are correlational. The small sample size of the study may reduce the ability to find statistically significant results. The current study would have benefited from organizational data on individual performance and proactive behavior, such as archival annual performance appraisals. Practical implications To practitioners, this study provides evidence that authentic leadership is sufficient in creating a positive work climate within which the employees feel safe to contribute their effort on their jobs. Based on the current findings, the practitioners can be more confident to hire or to promote authentic persons to be leaders in the organization. Originality/value This study is among those few empirical studies which help to validate the authentic leadership theory and provide a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which authentic leadership influences outcomes.

Intensity of perceived stress and control of anger, anxiety and depression of people staying in Polish penitentiary institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kołodziej ◽  
Anna Kurowska ◽  
Anna Majda
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the intensity of perceived stress and measure the subjective control of anxiety, anger and depression in a group of women and men staying in Polish penitentiary institutions. Design/methodology/approach The research was carried out in two penitentiary institutions located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship at the turn of 2019/2020. The study group consisted of 152 prisoners. In the cross-sectional study, two standardised research tools – the Perceived Stress Scale and the Emotional Control Scale – were used. Findings Over half of the prisoners (57.24%) presented a high level of stress. The intensity of the perceived stress did not depend on the gender and age of the convicted persons. The general indicator of emotional control among the respondents averaged 51.82 points (standard deviation = 14.52) and ranged from 22 to 83 points, which means that people detained in penitentiary institutions suppressed their negative emotions at an average level. The prisoners had the best control over fear (M = 18.68), less over anger (M = 16.86) and the least over depression (M = 16.27). Statistical analysis showed a correlation between the level of emotional control and the intensity of perceived stress. Research limitations/implications The small sample size of the group participating in the study and narrowing of the research area means that results can not be generalised across all isolated prison population. Practical implications The results obtained from the study can be used by a multidisciplinary team to develop therapeutic programmes for convicted persons, the aim of which is to evaluate strategies for coping with stress and controlling emotions. Social implications Popularising reliable information related to the issue of experiencing stress and varied emotions in those staying in penitentiary institutions may lead to the elimination of harmful stereotypes functioning in society, as well as reduce the phenomenon of marginalisation of prisoners, and thus contribute to the success of the social rehabilitation process. Originality/value Research on the level of stress intensity in prisoners is important because the rates of mental health disorders among prisoners consistently exceed the rates of such disorders in the general population.

Risk factors in adolescents’ involvement in violent behaviours

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Baxendale ◽  
Leanne Lester ◽  
Robyn Johnston ◽  
Donna Cross
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Media ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine risk factors associated with Western Australian secondary school students’ involvement in violence-related behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – This cross-sectional study examined data collected using an anonymous self-completion questionnaire from 542 school students aged 13-17 years. The questionnaire measured risk factors associated with being a perpetrator and/or victim of violence-related behaviours. Findings – Gender was significantly associated with being a victim and perpetrator of violence-related behaviours. Males were significantly more likely than females to be a victim of threatening and physical violence at school, and to be a perpetrator of physical violence at school and in the community. Males were significantly more likely than females to watch violent media, with exposure to violent media associated with physically hurting someone at school. Students involved in greater acts of animal cruelty had increased odds of being involved in all forms of the violence measured. Research limitations/implications – Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study and the small sample size are noted, along with suggestions for future research. Practical implications – Implications of the research for practitioners working with adolescents, with a particular focus on the school setting, are discussed. Originality/value – Most previously published research on adolescent involvement in violence has been conducted outside Australia, and as such, may not be directly applicable to the experiences of young people in Western Australia.

Appointing a general manager in Sino‐US joint ventures

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
International Joint Ventures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Manager ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ijv Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
American Partner

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine performance implications of general manager appointment in Sino‐US joint ventures, specifically whether there is a difference in outcomes when the appointment is made by the Chinese or American partner.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 94 managers representing US and Chinese partners in 67 international joint ventures (IJVs) based in China.FindingsThe results show that, when the general manager is Chinese rather than American, there is heightened conflict on daily personnel management issues, but not on strategic and contract issues, and the overall levels of partner satisfaction and relationship commitment decrease as well.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was based on small sample size and cross‐sectional design.Originality/valueThis article focuses on the general manager appointment as a control mechanism and explores its link to IJV performance. It identifies daily/personnel issues as a source of conflicts that are associated with the right to appoint the IJV general manager.

scholarly journals Factors affecting smart working: evidence from Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Malik ◽  
Philip J. Rosenberger ◽  
Martin Fitzgerald ◽  
Louise Houlcroft
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commute Distance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse data from the New South Wales Government’s Pilot Programme of establishing Smart Work Hubs (SWHs) for enabling teleworking in two busy commuter corridors. The paper analyses the relationships between various firm, job and personal factors and the perceived value, attitudes and expected usage by users of the SWHs. Design/methodology/approach Employing a cross-sectional survey design, the characteristics, values and attitudes of 117 SWH users were analysed using partial least squares (PLS) method of structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM-PLS approach is considered appropriate especially in prediction-based studies and to estimate an endogenous target construct. Findings Results revealed that perceived SWH value significantly influenced attitude towards the SWH, which then had a significant influence on SWH usage intentions, with personal, job and firm factors also playing a role. Further analysis revealed four variables that significantly influenced the perception of family-value benefits (age, income, hub commute distance, work commute distance), however, there were none that significantly influenced the perception of work benefits. Research limitations/implications The small sample size limits statistical inferences and generalisations to be drawn. Further, this paper also discusses how the low and uneven uptake of teleworking at a SWH raises several managerial and policy implications needing attention. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study analysing the expected values, attitudes and usage intentions of teleworkers in a SWH context. This study adds to the emerging body of human resource management studies on an outward-looking approach. The novel context will provide a useful base for subsequent studies.

Value-based selling: a multi-component exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kienzler ◽  
Daniel Kindström ◽  
Thomas Brashear-Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate factors that affect the use of value-based selling and the subsequent influences on salespeople’s sales performance.Design/methodology/approachIndustrial salespeople from five steel manufacturers were surveyed. Scales measure three components of value-based selling: comprehension, crafting and confirmation. Partial least squares path analysis tested the conceptual model.FindingsSalespeople’s learning orientation has the greatest impact on the use of value-based selling. Managerial support exerts a positive effect on crafting. Salespeople’s experience has a positive impact on comprehension and confirmation. The implementation of value-based selling has a positive effect on sales performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is cross-sectional, with a small sample size (n= 60). The data were collected from a single source (i.e. salespeople).Practical implicationsThe results suggest that value-based selling is a multi-component sales process that requires balancing managerial actions among individual and organizational factors.Originality/valueThis paper presents a broad evaluation of measures and assessments of value-based selling in business-to-business sales settings. The findings provide new elaborations on the theoretical and practical implications of value-based selling and reveal which individual and organizational factors affect the usage of value-based selling.

Modelling SME e-commerce with IMAES

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Sanchez-Torres ◽  
Fernando Juarez-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Medium Enterprises

PurposeThere are several studies about the adoption of e-commerce for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) that separately, and in a dispersed manner, examine different theoretical approaches. The purpose of this paper is to unify a set of variables to form an integrated model of measurement of the adoption of e-commerce for SMEs.Design/methodology/discussionBased on an extensive review of empirical studies focused on the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs, a grouped and integrated model of e-commerce among SMEs was constructed. It was built upon the methodology of psychometrics and was subsequently statistically tested for reliability and validity. A broad study has not been carried out. Thus, the small sample size does not allow the estimation of this model’s predictability.FindingsThis paper proposes a final model, comprising 14 variables (82 items), grouping the significant effects of e-commerce adoption.Originality/valueThis tool is feasible, offering an initial model enabling detailed examination of variables affecting the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. It contributes significantly to the development of this line of research.

Authenticity at work: a moderated mediation analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R.C. Kuntz ◽  
Mary Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Workplace Outcomes

Purpose This paper aims to test a moderated mediation model linking person-environment fit with workplace outcomes (engagement, meaning at work and performance) through authenticity (authentic living and self-alienation). Self-deception was included as a moderator of these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 163 employees in a large department using an online survey. The hypotheses were tested using the PROCESS Macro for SPSS, which conducts bootstrapped moderated mediation analyses. Findings Results showed that person-environment fit facets were positively related to engagement, meaning and performance through authentic living and negatively related through self-alienation. These relationships were significant at low to moderate levels of self-deception. Research/limitations implications Despite its small sample size, this study used a time-lagged design to mitigate the limitations associated with cross-sectional studies. Further, it expanded the research on authenticity in the workplace by illustrating the interplay of authenticity with fit, self-deception and workplace outcomes. Practical implications Organisations stand to gain from encouraging authenticity at work, and this can be achieved by ensuring person-environment fit. While self-deception can act as a protective factor against low perceptions of person-environment fit, organisations should strive to create a culture that values diversity and self-expression. Originality/value This study is among the first to explore authenticity at work and the first to empirically examine the authenticity and person-environment fit relationship in relation to outcomes, considering individual propensity for motivated bias.

Managing open innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muzamil Naqshbandi ◽  
Ibrahim Tabche ◽  
Neetu Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Employee Involvement ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Northern India

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between empowering leadership style and two types of open innovation: inbound and outbound. The intervening mechanism of employee involvement climate in these relationships is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses data collected using a questionnaire survey from middle and top managers working in various firms in northern India. Findings Results reveal that empowering leadership positively affects both types of open innovation. Thus empowering leadership supports followers to seek, integrate and diffuse new ideas and knowledge to improve open innovation outcomes. Further, the mediating role of employee involvement climate is established for empowering leadership-inbound open innovation link. This suggests that an empowering leadership style creates an employee involvement climate that empowers employees and involves them in relevant decision-making which consequently enhances a firms inbound open innovation performance. Research limitations/implications This study used a cross-sectional research design and a relatively small sample size. These limitations can affect generalizability of the findings. Originality/value The paper contributes to leadership and open innovation literatures and provides insights into how the practitioners can use an appropriate leadership style to maximize success in the open innovation paradigm. The study is one of the first to empirically shed light on this strand of open innovation research.

scholarly journals Making sense of dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Harland ◽  
Peter A. Bath ◽  
Ann Wainwright ◽  
Jeremy Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
People With Dementia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the information behaviours of patients newly diagnosed with dementia. Design/methodology/approach This is a cross-sectional qualitative study, using in-depth interviews with 13 people recently diagnosed with dementia. Findings Reactions to a diagnosis of dementia varied and these influenced the perception of the value of information when making sense of the diagnosis. Information was avoided if participants did not feel that they could influence their situation; instead, participants relied on internal explanations to normalise their memory loss. Barriers to information seeking and use included not knowing who to speak to, perceived stigma associated with dementia and difficulty of applying generic information to own situation. Some participants valued information that confirmed their suspicions and provided explanations. Research limitations/implications This study was based on a small sample size (n=13), the findings may not be generalisable to all people with dementia; however, the findings may be transferable to people who have recently been diagnosed with dementia. Practical implications There is not a one-size-fits-all approach to information provision for people with dementia at diagnosis, information should be tailored to individuals. Social implications There is a need to address the feeling of powerlessness and futility that some people with dementia experience at diagnosis, as this precludes independent information seeking and use. People receiving a diagnosis may need additional support and information pertinent to their specific circumstances, separate from the information needs of their carer(s). Originality/value The study provides a new understanding of the information behaviours of people recently diagnosed with dementia and how these differ from those of informal carers.

Trust antecedents: emotional intelligence and perceptions of others

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M.H. Christie ◽  
Peter J. Jordan ◽  
Ashlea C. Troth
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Workplace Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine if teachers’ trust in others is predicted by their perceptions of others and their emotional intelligence. Employees need to trust others to achieve outcomes, and a lack of trust can have a negative impact on workplace performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper surveys a sample of 84 employed teachers. Findings – Our findings show that perceptions of others’ ability, benevolence and integrity are strongly and positively associated with trust. The emotional intelligence ability to perceive emotions is also related to trust. Regression analysis showed that perceptions of others (ability and integrity) and an individual’s emotional intelligence (perceiving) combined to predict a large portion of the variance in trust. Research limitations/implications – This study was limited by a small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design. These issues were addressed in our analysis. Originality/value – The majority of trust research examines employee-to-manager trust. Our study is one of the few to examine trust among co-workers. This study also contributes to research on the emotional intelligence and trust relationship by showing that the ability to perceive one’s own and others emotions significantly predicts increases in trust. It also reaffirms that perceptions of others’ integrity and ability are strongly linked to trust, but that further investigation of the benevolence construct is required.

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