scholarly journals Understanding immigrant entrepreneurship: a home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson Duan ◽  
Kamaljeet Sandhu ◽  
Bernice Kotey
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Capital

PurposeGiven the importance of immigration and immigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies, the authors take an entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective to study the home-country benefits possessed by immigrant entrepreneurs and how home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors affect immigrant entrepreneurial motivations, activities and outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual research paper follows McGaghie, Bordage and Shea's (2001) four-step new theory creation process, which suggests that new theories can be created through facts extraction from the extant literature.FindingsThe authors propose that although immigrant entrepreneurs are unable to take full benefit of the host-country entrepreneurial ecosystem due to blocked mobility, they do have capabilities to access and use their home-country entrepreneurial resources and opportunities. The authors further propose that home-country entrepreneurial capital can be systemically analyzed through the framework of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The results imply that immigrant entrepreneurship as a social and economic phenomenon can be studied more holistically from both host- and home-country perspectives compared to the traditional research boundary of the host-country only.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focuses on the identification of home-country effects on immigrant entrepreneurship through the lens of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Testable propositions provide directions for future empirical research on the field of immigrant entrepreneurship from a home-country perspective. The research concludes that a holistic immigrant entrepreneurship study should consider dual (host- and home-country) entrepreneurial ecosystems.Practical implicationsImmigrant entrepreneurs benefit from both host- and home-country entrepreneurial ecosystems. This paper suggests co-effects of dual entrepreneurial ecosystems lead to a high rate of entrepreneurship and business success within some immigrant groups. Policymakers can increase economic activities by developing and deploying programs to encourage immigrants to embed in host- and home-country entrepreneurial ecosystems.Originality/valueBased on the framework of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, this paper brings a novel perspective to examining home-country effects on immigrant entrepreneurship. It theoretically conceptualizes that immigrants have higher entrepreneurship rates than native-born populations because they have access to extra home-country entrepreneurial capital.

Transnational immigrant entrepreneurship: effects of home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson Duan ◽  
Bernice Kotey ◽  
Kamaljeet Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policies And Programs

PurposeThe purpose of this theoretical paper is to explore how immigrants' home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) factors impact transnational immigrant entrepreneurs (TIEs). The paper draws on the dual embeddedness and transnational entrepreneurship theories to explore how the home-country EE influences transnational immigrant entrepreneurship (TIE).Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a qualitative case study methodology involving content analysis of secondary data. It analyzed data set against the existing EE framework to constructively explore the home-country effects.FindingsThe findings reveal that all home-country EE domains and associated factors affect TIEs. The paper established six testable propositions with regard to the home-country EE domains: accessible market, human capital, social culture, infrastructure and business support and government policies. A number of new factors were identified for each home-country EE domain. Finally, the paper provided future research directions.Research limitations/implicationsCare has to be taken in generalizing the findings from this research due to the small sample of contemporary Chinese immigrants in Australia and New Zealand. The propositions also require empirical testing.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to the TIE literature by identifying new factors of the home-country EE and presenting testable propositions. The results have impact on immigration policies and programs.Social implicationsTransnational immigrant entrepreneurship can be a pathway to help immigrants to integrate into mainstream society. The findings from this article indirectly contribute to immigrant social development.Originality/valueThis original article fills research gaps by analyzing how home-country EE elements affect TIE. It reveals that the EE framework is effective for investigating it.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms on Transnational Digital Entrepreneurship

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Carson Duan ◽  
Bernice Kotey ◽  
Kamaljeet Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

This research examines the important concept of transnational digital entrepreneurship (TDE). The paper integrates the host and home country entrepreneurial ecosystems with the digital ecosystem to the framework of the transnational digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. The authors argue that cross-border e-commerce platforms provide critical foundations in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurs who count on this ecosystem are defined as transnational digital entrepreneurs. Interview data were dissected for the purpose of case studies to make understanding from twelve Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs living in Australia and New Zealand. The results of the data analysis reveal that cross-border entrepreneurs are in actual fact relying on the significant framework of the transnational digital ecosystem. Cross-border e-commerce platforms not only play a bridging role between home and host country ecosystems but provide entrepreneurial capitals as digital ecosystem promised.

The Effects of Cross-border e-Commerce Platforms on Transnational Digital Entrepreneurship

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

This research examines the important concept of transnational digital entrepreneurship (TDE). The paper integrates the host and home country entrepreneurial ecosystems with the digital ecosystem to the framework of the transnational digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. The authors argue that cross-border e-commerce platforms provide critical foundations in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurs who count on this ecosystem are defined as transnational digital entrepreneurs. Interview data were dissected for the purpose of case studies to make understanding from twelve Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs living in Australia and New Zealand. The results of the data analysis reveal that cross-border entrepreneurs are in actual fact relying on the significant framework of the transnational digital ecosystem. Cross-border e-commerce platforms not only play a bridging role between home and host country ecosystems but provide entrepreneurial capitals as digital ecosystem promised.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions and Challenges of Immigrant Entrepreneurs to Their Host Country – Case of African Immigrants in Auckland, New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Olufemi Muibi Omisakin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Definition Of

Entrepreneurship is an important concept in both developing and developed societies today. Although there is no consensus on the definition of entrepreneurship, it is believed to be a process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit entrepreneurship opportunities (Morris, 2002). This study aims to discover the economic contributions and challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs to their host country, and focuses on African small business owners in Auckland, New Zealand. Literature on immigrant entrepreneurship was reviewed, resulting in a discussion of the economic contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship as well as its challenges. Data was collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, observation and field notes as the sources of inquiry. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 17 participants. All participants were African immigrant small business owners running businesses in Auckland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected (Braun & Clarke, 2006). 

Characteristics Acquired by European and Non-European Immigrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Rocio Aliaga Isla
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Creation

Studies on immigrant entrepreneurship have focused on some groups of immigrants according their ethnicity and citizenship. Nonetheless, there is a configuration of immigrants inside Spain that has been neglected in research arenas. This study analyzes which factors at individual level influence the creation of businesses by EU and non-EU immigrants. Factors acquired in home and host country are considered. Hypotheses are tested using multivariate analysis. Employing data from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain – ENI-2007, the findings showed immigrants who owned or managed a business in their home country have higher probability to create a business. Among factors acquired in Spain, the experience in occupation was the more relevant for EU immigrants. However, the experience in construction sector was significant for non-EU immigrants. Furthermore, the exposure to Spanish context and social contacts were significant, increasing the probability of creating a business by non-EU immigrants in Spain.

Do consumers support the cross-border charitable activities as the same?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-458
Author(s):  
Zelin Tong ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Wenting Feng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhou ◽  
Ling Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
National Power ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of cross-border charitable activities on host- and home-country consumers based on the social identity theory. Design/methodology/approach Through an extensive literature review and two experimental designs, this study establishes the research framework and hypothesises the relationships between the constructs. Findings National power moderates the impact of cross-border charitable activities on host- and home-country consumers. In particular, compared to countries with high national power, countries with low national power undertaking cross-border charitable activities will receive more positive reactions from the host-country consumers, and, conversely, more negative reactions from the home-country consumers. Research limitations/implications From the consumer perspective, this study finds that brand cross-border charitable activities have different influences on consumers in different countries because of an identity transformation mechanism that exists between the “insiders” and the “outsiders”, which is different from the assumptions of western theories. Practical implications The findings provide insights for undertaking brand cross-border charitable activities. Originality/value Previous studies, which are based on social identity categorisation, assume that cross-border charitable activities have a more positive impact on home-country consumers than host-country consumers. However, this study adopts the research paradigm of social identity relationisation and draws an opposite conclusion, which not only expands the theory of local intergroup interaction, but also clarifies how brand cross-border charitable activities influence Chinese consumers.

scholarly journals To Be or Not to Be an Ethnic Firm: An Analysis of Identity Strategies in Immigrant-owned Organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diya Das ◽  
Eileen Kwesiga ◽  
Shruti Sardesmukh ◽  
Norma Juma
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Identity Strategies ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Organizational Mortality ◽  
Contextual Moderators ◽  
Specific Identity

Immigrant groups often pursue entrepreneurial endeavors in their new home country. Even though both immigrant entrepreneurship and organizational identity have received scholarly attention, there has been little systematic exploration of identity strategies pursued by immigrant-owned organizations. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework that draws on the concepts of liability of foreignness and social identity theory in the context of immigrant entrepreneurship. Our framework explores how immigrant entrepreneurs may negotiate identities for their firms through the development of specific identity strategies that confirm or underplay their national/ethnic identities in order to survive in their immediate environment. We develop a model that shows how these confirmations or underplaying strategies work both for firms that have an individualistic entrepreneurial orientation, as well as those with a collective/associative entrepreneurial orientation. We also suggest two contextual moderators to this relationship: (1) the image of the founder's country of origin, and (2) the presence of immigrant networks in the host country, which may alter the effectiveness of identity strategies in terms of organizational mortality outcomes.

Country-of-origin and CSR initiatives: a social dominance perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Leyla Orudzheva ◽  
Nolan Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Context

Purpose Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to proliferate, but why and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from different parts of the world engage in CSR is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in behavior based on the status of the MNE’s home country relative to the host country. Design/methodology/approach Applying a social dominance theory (SDT) framework, the authors explain variations in MNE behavior because of perceived hierarchical differences between a MNE’s home country and that of the host country. It is posited that these hierarchical differences trigger a country-of-origin bias that affects stakeholders’ expectations for the MNE, as well as that firm’s response to those expectations. In this integrative conceptual paper, we propose a testable framework derived from a deductive approach that applies the tenets of SDT to predict outcomes of CSR implementation by MNE’s subsidiaries. Findings MNEs from less developed countries are subject to lower expectations and engage in self-debilitating behavior, which may hinder their attempts to implement CSR initiatives in more developed countries. Paradoxically, engaging in CSR initiatives could help reduce liability of foreignness and increase chances for competitive advantage. Practical implications MNEs from developing countries should be aware of a potential country-of-origin bias affecting decisions on CSR implementation and that could also be detrimental to their competitive advantage when operating in more developed countries. Conversely, MNEs from developed countries should be ready for higher expectations of their CSR initiatives in less developed countries. Originality/value This paper strives to contribute to two extant literatures. First, it contributes to the social dominance literature by applying the perspective in the international business context, specifically research on MNE liability of origin. Second, this perspective offers testable propositions on how perceived hierarchies and liability of origin affect firm decision-making, specifically in the context of developing country MNEs. Third, this paper seeks to expand the discussion of MNE subsidiary CSR behavior to account for the relative context of the home and host country.

Rethinking the literature on “multiple embeddedness” and subsidiary-specific advantages

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Purpose – This paper aims to synthesize the literature on embeddedness of MNE subsidiaries, rethinking the concept of “multiple embeddedness” in order to clarify the importance of the subsidiary-specific advantages. Design/methodology/approach – A new and innovative framework based on four key relationships: home country-specific advantages (CSAs)-Headquarters (HQ); HQ-subsidiary; subsidiary-host CSAs; and subsidiary-HQ. This framework is used to discuss the complex phenomenon of “multiple embeddedness”. Findings – The framework proposed sheds light on the subsidiary's need to develop and sustain over time its subsidiary-specific advantages (SSAs) and, where possible, to “upgrade” these SSAs and to integrate them across the entire network of the MNE. The framework is based on two pillars. The first one is the “creation and development” of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) (in the home country) and SSAs (in the host country); the second one is the “transfer” of these advantages from the parent to the subsidiary and vice versa. In addition, several interesting interrelations are found between the four main relationships, and the central role of the recombination capabilities and the importance of distance are highlighted. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first to develop a framework incorporating all the relevant relationships in multiple embeddedness. The framework is innovative and “embeddedness” is analyzed in a novel way, as many studies only partially analyze this complex phenomenon and neglect one or more of these relationships.

scholarly journals Start-ups in entrepreneurial ecosystems: the role of relational capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Gaël Gueguen ◽  
Servane Delanoë-Gueguen ◽  
Christian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Relational Capacity ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Start Ups

PurposeEntrepreneurial ecosystems provide the context for start-ups to access resources. The authors investigate the reliance of start-ups on their entrepreneurial ecosystem and the driving factors behind the proportion of local actors (belonging to their entrepreneurial ecosystem) within their overall set of relationships (their business ecosystem). Recognizing the limited relational capacity of firms, the authors focus on three differentiating firm characteristics: size, age and innovation of firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed a sample of 163 start-ups located in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Toulouse, France. The authors investigated the characteristics of their relationship sets using regression analysis.FindingsThe results confirm that age is inversely related to the proportion of a start-up's relationships located in its entrepreneurial ecosystem. More surprisingly, for older start-ups, the authors also highlight the presence of a moderating effect of the start-up's size on the relationship between its degree of innovation and the proportion of its relationships in its entrepreneurial ecosystem: Larger and more innovative start-ups appear to rely more on their local entrepreneurial ecosystem.Originality/valueThis research increases the understanding of the characteristics driving the interactions of start-ups with their entrepreneurial ecosystems by adopting a relational capacity approach. The authors introduce digital methods as an innovative approach for uncovering firms' ecosystems. Finally, from a practical point of view, the research should provide public authorities seeking to promote the link between local resources and the development of innovative start-ups in their regions with interesting insights.

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