Whether viable and dead probiotic are equally efficacious?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
World Market ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Purpose Consumer inclination towards probiotic foods has been stimulated due to well-documented evidence of health benefits of probiotic-containing products and consumer demand for natural products. It is assumed that the viability and metabolic activities of probiotics are essential for extending health benefits and for successful marketing of probiotics as a functional food. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that even dead or inactivated probiotic cells could extend health benefits, indicating that probiotic viability is not always necessary for exhibiting health benefits. Design/methodology/approach Attempt has been made to review the literature on the status of probiotic foods available in the world market, their impact on the gut flora and the various factors affecting their viability. Both review and research papers related to efficacy of inactivated, killed or dead probiotic cells towards health benefits have been considered. Keywords used for data search included efficacy of viable or killed, inactivated probiotic cells. Findings The reviewed literature indicated that inactivated, killed or dead probiotic cells also possess functional properties but live cells are more efficacious. All live probiotic cultures are not equally efficacious, and accordingly, dead or inactivated cells did not demonstrate functional properties to extend health benefits to all diseases. Originality/value Capability of non-viable microorganisms to confer health benefits may attract food manufacturers owing to certain advantages over live probiotics such as longer shelf-life, handling and transportation and reduced requirements for refrigerated storage and inclusion of non-bacterial, biologically active metabolites present in fermented milks’ fraction as dried powders to food matrixes may result in the development of new functional foods.

Potentiality of probiotic yoghurt as a functional food – a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Disease

PurposeYoghurt is most popular and more acceptable throughout the world because of its general positive image among consumers because of its diverse nutritional and therapeutic properties and can be the most suitable probiotic carrier. Key factors for consumer’s inclination towards functional foods are increased awareness for healthy foods because of health deterioration resulting from busy lifestyles, growing healthcare cost and the aspiration for an improved quality life in later years. Yoghurt is still not consumed in certain parts of the world because of a lack of a cultural tradition of consuming yogurt and further people are not aware of the health benefits associated with yogurt consumption. In this study an attempt has been to project probiotic yoghurt as a functional food in the current era of self-care and complementary medicine.Design/methodology/approachAttempt has been made to review the literature on the biochemical activities of yoghurt cultures and their behavior in association with diverse probiotic cultures. Both review and research papers related to biochemical activities and functional properties of yoghurt cultures in association with probiotics and their health benefits published in diverse journals under Pub Med and Science Direct have been considered. Keywords used for data search included functional foods, yoghurt, probiotic, health benefits, etc.FindingsFunctional properties of yoghurt can be further enhanced with fortification of minerals and vitamins or inclusion of probiotic cultures. Diversity in biochemical behavior yoghurt cultures in association with different probiotic cultures has been reported. Conjugated application of probiotics with yoghurt cultures would result in a product with enhanced functional properties to extend health benefits.Originality/valueInclusion of probiotic cultures in yoghurt is suggested to extend the functional properties of normal yoghurt, thus providing necessary nutrients, improving health and preventing or reducing nutrition-related diseases. Regular intake of probiotic yoghurt is suggested for healthy lifestyles, as it will help in retaining their health and reduce the potentially long-term risk of disease. Food industries can have profit-driven business by projecting the probiotic yoghurt as a functional food.

Factors affecting the audit process and social theories

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamhossein Mahdavi ◽  
Abbas Ali Daryaei
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Status ◽  
Marketing Activities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of social theories to explain auditors’ attitude toward balance time between marketing activities and auditing responsibilities. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a survey, from which a measure of auditor’s view on the importance of marketing was identified and regressed against balance between audit time and marketing activities. In addition, a measure of balanced attitude of auditors toward the time of the audit and marketing activities was identified and regressed against attitude toward the importance of corporate governance mechanisms. Findings The results obtained from the hypothesis test indicated that the audit fee can be a decisive factor in the status of auditors to carry out their function in the social structure which is limited to the stakeholders. The balance time between auditing and marketing is of the same importance to all auditors. Furthermore, entrepreneur auditors find the present corporate governance good for the prosperity and creativity of the forces within the auditing firms. As a result, entrepreneur auditors are very effective in corporate governance mechanisms. Originality/value The most significant contribution of the present study is the development of auditing literature to better understand and analyze the behavior of auditors.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds in whole-grains of wheat: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Pranav Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Structures

Whole-grains are important food resources for human beings, therefore, there is a need to pay special attention to increase their production to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. Whole-grains are highly rich in nutrition and bioactive properties due to the available health-promoting biologically active metabolites such as phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are antioxidant-rich secondary metabolites having immense health benefits. Owing to their strong antioxidant activities, they have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-diabetic properties; they exhibit anti-aging effects and can also cure cardiovascular diseases, obesity, etc. Numerous epidemiological studies have proven the inverse correlation between the consumption of whole cereal grains and reduce chronic diseases. This review article focuses on biologically active components of wheat grains, namely phenolic compounds, including their chemical structures, classification, biosynthesis, bioactivity, and bioavailability. Health benefits and functional potential of consumption of whole cereal grains have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Predatory Organisms with Untapped Biosynthetic Potential: Descriptions of Novel Corallococcus Species C. aberystwythensis sp. nov., C. carmarthensis sp. nov., C. exercitus sp. nov., C. interemptor sp. nov., C. llansteffanensis sp. nov., C. praedator sp. nov., C. sicarius sp. nov., and C. terminator sp. nov.

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Livingstone ◽  
Oliver Ingleby ◽  
Susan Girdwood ◽  
Alan R. Cookson ◽  
Russell M. Morphew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Corallococcus spp. are common soil-dwelling organisms which kill and consume prey microbes through the secretion of antimicrobial substances. Two species of Corallococcus have been described previously (Corallococcus coralloides and Corallococcus exiguus). A polyphasic approach, including biochemical analysis of fatty acid methyl esters, substrate utilization, and sugar assimilation assays, was taken to characterize eight Corallococcus species strains and the two type strains. The genomes of all strains, including that of C. exiguus DSM 14696T (newly reported here), shared an average nucleotide identity below 95% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization scores of less than 70%, indicating that they belong to distinct species. In addition, we characterized the prey range and antibiotic resistance profile of each strain, illustrating the diversity of antimicrobial activity and, thus, the potential for drug discovery within the Corallococcus genus. Each strain gave a distinct profile of properties, which together with their genomic differences supports the proposal of the eight candidate strains as novel species. The eight candidates are as follows: Corallococcus exercitus sp. nov. (AB043AT = DSM 108849T = NBRC 113887T), Corallococcus interemptor sp. nov. (AB047AT = DSM 108843T = NBRC 113888T), Corallococcus aberystwythensis sp. nov. (AB050AT = DSM 108846T = NBRC 114019T), Corallococcus praedator sp. nov. (CA031BT = DSM 108841T = NBRC 113889T), Corallococcus sicarius sp. nov. (CA040BT = DSM 108850T = NBRC 113890T), Corallococcus carmarthensis sp. nov. (CA043DT = DSM 108842T = NBRC 113891T), Corallococcus llansteffanensis sp. nov. (CA051BT = DSM 108844T = NBRC 114100T), and Corallococcus terminator sp. nov. (CA054AT = DSM 108848T = NBRC 113892T). IMPORTANCE Corallococcus is a genus of predators with broad prey ranges, whose genomes contain large numbers of gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The physiology and evolutionary heritage of eight Corallococcus species strains were characterized using a range of analyses and assays. Multiple metrics confirmed that each strain belonged to a novel species within the Corallococcus genus. The strains exhibited distinct patterns of drug resistance and predatory activity, which mirrored their possession of diverse sets of biosynthetic genes. The breadth of antimicrobial activities observed within the Corallococcus genus highlights their potential for drug discovery and suggests a previous underestimation of both their taxonomic diversity and biotechnological potential. Taxonomic assignment of environmental isolates to novel species allows us to begin to characterize the diversity and evolution of members of this bacterial genus with potential biotechnological importance, guiding future bioprospecting efforts for novel biologically active metabolites and antimicrobials.

Honey as a functional additive in yoghurt – a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar ◽  
S. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Additive ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Societal Interest

Purpose Recent societal interest in healthful foods has led to the development of functional dairy products that basically provide health benefits in addition to their fundamental nutrients. Yoghurt being most popular fermented milk product due to its healthy image can be an excellent carrier for probiotics. Functional properties of yoghurt can be enhanced with the inclusion of functional ingredients such as probiotics and its conjugate application with prebiotics may be advantageous as it favors probiotic growth. Nutritional and medicinal value of honey coupled with presence of oligosaccharides has projected honey as a functional additive in yoghurt. Design/methodology/approach Attempt has been made to review the literature on the biochemical activities of yoghurt cultures and probiotics in presence of honey. Both review and research papers related to biochemical activities and functional properties of yoghurt cultures and probiotics in presence of honey and their health benefits published in diverse journals under Pub Med and Science Direct have been considered. Keywords used for data search included functional foods, yoghurt, probiotic, health benefits, honey, etc. Findings Functional properties of yoghurt can be further enhanced with the inclusion of probiotic cultures and honey. Honey can be safely used in association with different probiotic cultures during yoghurt manufacture for augmenting functional properties of yoghurt to extend health benefits. Honey may not be equally a suitable matrix for all yoghurt cultures or probiotic cultures. Research limitations/implications Reviewed literature indicated that limited research on animal or human feeding trials with honey containing yoghurt has been done. Clinical trials with honey containing yoghurt are emerging prior to its marketing as functional food. Originality/value Application of honey as a functional additive during the manufacture of probiotic yoghurt is suggested to extend the functional properties of normal yoghurt.

The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services: an action research approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Saif Said Al-Aufi ◽  
Nabhan Al-Harrasi ◽  
Azhar Al-Abri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Media Platforms

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the status of using crowdsourcing to develop information services through the Twitter platform and to determine the factors affecting such usage.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative action research approach was employed to achieve the objectives of the study and to provide answers to the research questions. The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing technique for improving information services has been explored through five procedural stages: diagnostics, action planning, action taking, evaluation and determined learning. Three tools were used to collect data: open interviews, content analysis of the sampled accounts on Twitter and users' perceptions regarding information services.FindingsThe results of the study revealed that crowdsourcing was not used in the development of information services per se, but it has been used for other purposes. The results also revealed that several factors influenced the adoption of using crowdsourcing to develop information services, including factors related to the institutional trust in crowds' capabilities, the nature of service and type of the needed development, and finally, the platform used to conduct crowdsourcing. The results of the action research proved that using crowdsourcing to develop information services could be effective.Practical implicationsThe study suggests a model that can be used to test changes implemented in organizations, especially regarding adoption of crowdsourcing as a framework to achieve the objectives of the institution, particularly in the planning processes.Originality/valueThis research paper produces new knowledge through using a qualitative action research approach to understand the potential of social media in crowdsourcing. There have been no similar studies conducted in the region for the specified research design. The results add to the level of learning and raise awareness within the research community regarding the effectiveness of using crowdsourcing via social media platforms to improve the efficiency of information services.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Spices with Breast Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potentials: A Functional Foods Based-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Ochuko Lucky Erukainure ◽  
Ibrahim Malami ◽  
Auwal Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites

Background: Cancer is a multifaceted metabolic disease that affects sizeable dwellers of rural and urban areas. Among the various types of cancer, mammary cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Its menace can be curbed with locally consumed spices due to their multiple bioactive phytochemicals. Aims: This review focuses on the breast cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of locally consumed spices. Methods/Results: The most commonly consumed spices with breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical include pepper, onions, ginger, garlic, curry and thyme containing many biologically active metabolites ranging from vitamins, fatty acids esters, polyphenols/phenolics, sulfurcontaining compounds and anthraquinones with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antitumor and anticancer properties against breast cancer/carcinogenesis. Therefore, extracts and active principles of these spices could be explored in breast cancer chemoprevention and possibly therapeutically which may provide an avenue for reducing the risk and prevalence of breast cancer.

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