Implications of energy drink consumption for hepatic structural and functional changes: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-953
Author(s):  
Sergey Kutia ◽  
Maxim Kriventsov ◽  
Gennady Moroz ◽  
Elvina Gafarova ◽  
Nazar Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
And Function

Purpose In the recent decades, energy drinks consumption has increased dramatically. Many researches found their adverse effects on the structure and function of organs and systems, with nervous and cardiovascular systems most studied. Liver is one of the priority target organs in case of beverages consumption. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of energy drink consumption on morphofunctional conditions of liver. Design/methodology/approach A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and eLIBRARY.ru databases was performed using relevant keywords. Findings Both clinical and experimental data concerning effects of energy drink use on structure and function of liver are summarized and systematized in this review. Most of them documented hepatotoxicity after prolonged over-consumption of energy drinks. Probable mechanisms of action of their basic ingredients (sugars, caffeine, taurine, D-glucuronolactone, vitamin B3) on morphology and functioning of liver as well as combined use of energy drinks with alcohol are described. Originality value This review paper represents evidential information about the negative impact of energy drink consumption on morphofunctional conditions of liver.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Sean J. Johnson ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Chris Alford ◽  
Joris C. Verster
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

scholarly journals Negative impact of disuse and unloading on tendon enthesis structure and function

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. Roffino ◽  
C. Camy ◽  
A. Foucault-Bertaud ◽  
E. Lamy ◽  
M. Pithioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Reflections on team culture, structure and function of an intensive support service centred on positive behavioural support

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Patterson ◽  
Samuel Berry
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Behavioural Support ◽  
Team Culture ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore experiences of team culture, structure and function of an intensive support service (ISS) within the context of the recent service guidance “Building the Right Support” (NHS England, Local Government Association and Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, 2015). Reflections on the Hampshire and Southampton ISS set up in 2010 are discussed with a view to informing a debate about frameworks for ISS services nationally. Design/methodology/approach A reflective piece, drawing on experience and case examples. Findings This paper describes that a key function of an ISS is making individuals safe and this is significantly assisted by using shared team formulation, which can enable information and perspectives to be shared between and within teams as rapidly as possible. Further, a case is made for recognising the importance of inter-disciplinary practice, as the Southampton and Hampshire ISS has removed the “old fashioned” demarcations that led to individuals seeing a “procession” of different professionals from different disciplines. This relates to team structure, but importantly is about a culture of holding a shared identity based on positive behavioural support values, rather than a traditional uni-disciplinary perspective. Practical implications ISS models are being proposed by NHS England and this paper suggests some important practical aspects. Originality/value Limited literature exists examining the team culture within ISSs, which contributes to desired outcomes for service users. This paper opens a debate about structural and functional aspects of service delivery in this service model.

Abstract 12689: Cardiovascular Responses to Energy Drinks in a Healthy Population: The C-energy Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri M Kozik ◽  
Mouchumi Bhattacharyya ◽  
Teresa T Nguyen ◽  
Therese F Connolly ◽  
Walther Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Introduction: Energy drinks are presumed to enhance energy, physical endurance, mood, and boost metabolism. Serious health risks have been reported with energy drink consumption such as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, seizures, and arrhythmias. More than 20,000 emergency department visits related to energy drink consumption were reported in 2011. Little is known about the possible pathophysiological mechanisms and adverse events associated with energy drinks. Unlike the tobacco and alcohol industry, there are limited restrictions regulating the purchasing and marketing of these drinks. Purpose: To determine if consumption of energy drinks alter; vital signs (blood pressure, temperature), electrolytes (magnesium, potassium, calcium), activated bleeding time (ACT), or cardiac responses measured with a 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) Holter. Method: Subjects consumed two-16 ounce cans of an energy drink within one hour and remained in the lab where data was collected at base line (BL) and then during four hours post consumption (PC). Vital signs were taken every 30 minutes; blood samples were collected at BL, one, two and four hours PC and ECG data was collected throughout the entire study period. Paired students t-test and a corresponding non-parametric test (Wilcoxon signed rank) were used for analysis of the data. Results: Fourteen healthy young subjects were recruited (mean age 28.6 years). Systolic blood pressure (BL=132, ±7.83; PC= 151, ±11.21; p=.001); QTc interval (BL=423, ±22.74; PC=503, ±24.56; p<.001); magnesium level (BL 2.04, ± 0.09; PC=2.13, ±0.15; p=.05); and calcium level (BL=9.31, ±.28; PC=9.52, ±.22; p=.018) significantly increased from BL. While potassium and ACT fluctuated (increase and decrease) no significant changes were observed. Eight of the fourteen subjects (57%) developed a QTc >500 milliseconds PC. Conclusions: In our sample, consumption of energy drinks increased systolic blood pressure, serum magnesium and calcium, and resulted in repolarization abnormalities. Because these physiological responses can lead to arrhythmias and other abnormal cardiac responses, further study in a larger sample is needed to determine the effects and possible consequences of energy drink consumption.

Cardiovascular adaptations in Andean natives after 6 wk of exposure to sea level

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2650-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. McKenzie ◽  
L. S. Goodman ◽  
C. Nath ◽  
B. Davidson ◽  
G. O. Matheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Quechua Indians

Six male Quechua Indians (34.0 +/- 1.1 yr, 159.5 +/- 2.1 cm, 60.5 +/- 1.6 kg), life-long residents of La Raya, Peru (4,350-m altitude with an average barometric pressure of 460 Torr), were studied using noninvasive methods to determine the structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system in response to a 6-wk deacclimation period at sea level. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and left ventricular ejection fractions were determined using radionuclide angiographic techniques at rest and during exercise on a cycle ergometer at 40, 60, and 90% of a previously determined maximal O2 consumption. Subjects at rest were subjected to two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms and a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured on arrival at sea level by use of a Coulter Stacker S+ analyzer. After a 6-wk deacclimation period, all variables were remeasured using the identical methodology. Hemoglobin values decreased significantly over the deacclimation period (15.7 +/- 1.1 to 13.5 +/- 1.2 g/dl; P less than 0.01). The results indicate that the removal of these high-altitude-adapted natives from 4,300 m to sea level for 6 wk results in only minor changes to the cardiac structure and function as measured by these noninvasive techniques.

scholarly journals Energy drink - the prevalence of consumption and awareness regarding its associated potential health problems among commercial bus drivers in Ho, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Yayra Saku ◽  
Peter Nuro-Ameyaw ◽  
Priscilla Cecilia Amenya ◽  
Fidelis Mawunyo Kpodo ◽  
Paul Esua Amoafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Abstract Background Consumption of energy drinks has become an escalating global public health problem. The work schedule and irregular sleeping habits of commercial bus drivers make them highly susceptible to getting fatigued, hence most of them consume energy drinks as a fatigue management strategy. However, consumption of energy drinks produces numerous psychomotor side effects that if consumed among drivers puts the traveling public in danger of road accidents. This study sought to assess the prevalence of energy drink consumption and awareness of associated potential health problems among commercial long-distance bus drivers operating from the Ho municipality. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 132 participants who completed a structured questionnaire on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, frequency of consumption and reasons for consumption. It also included questions to assess the knowledge of the ingredients and side effects of energy drinks. Results A majority (62.1%) of the drivers had more than 10 years of commercial driving experience. A 75% energy drink consumption prevalence was recorded with driving performance enhancement (78.8%) as the predominant reason for consumption. 7 - 10 bottles per week were consumed by most (32.2%) of the drivers with the most consumed brand being Rush energy drink (54.5%). Also, 72.0% had poor knowledge of the side effects linked with energy drink intake likewise the ingredients in them. Conclusion Energy drinks were consumed by the majority of the drivers at the Ho main bus terminal of which most of the drivers had poor knowledge of the potential health problems linked with the consumption of these drinks. The consumption of energy drinks was observed to be higher among the drivers with lower education levels, higher monthly income and those who worked long hours in a day. The Ghana National Road Safety Commission (GNRC) in collaboration with other private road transport unions in Ghana should organize regular seminars for commercial bus drivers on the potential dangers and effects associated with energy drink consumption.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Triggers Signaling through Host Cell Focal Adhesions To Inhibit Cell Motility

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽  
Nicholas M. Negretti ◽  
Jesse Aaron ◽  
Teng-Leong Chew ◽  
Michael E. Konkel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Function

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastritis. We investigated the dynamics of focal adhesion structure and function in C. jejuni -infected epithelial cells.

Abstract 12640: Energy Drinks Prolong Early Repolarization (J-T Peak ) Phase in a Healthy Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R Kaplan ◽  
Ghufran Syed ◽  
Teri Kozik
Keyword(s):  
Torsade De Pointes ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Early Repolarization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Introduction: Energy drinks continue to be the fastest growing beverage market with sales expected to reach $60 billion in the next few years, yet have demonstrated adverse cardiovascular effects such as prolongation of the QTc interval on EKG. While QTc prolongation observed with certain drugs has long been used as an indicator of increased risk of torsade de pointes, recent data has identified the early repolarization interval J-T peak (JTp) as a more specific marker for proarrhythmic potential. Drugs that selectively block the human ether-a-go-go related (hERG) potassium ion channel prolong QTc by prolonging both early repolarization (JTp) and late repolarization (T peak -T end [Tpe] interval), and are associated with an increased risk of torsade. In contrast, drugs that additionally block inward late sodium and L-type calcium prolong QTc by prolonging Tpe but not JTp, and have demonstrated reduced risk of torsade. In 2018, the C-Energy-X study demonstrated QTc prolongation in 22 healthy subjects (mean age 28 ± 7yrs) who consumed energy drink while at rest and following short periods of exercise. Our study provides a secondary analysis of this data in terms of its effect on JTp, a potentially more specific marker for torsade risk. Methods: Using H-Scribe software, two evaluators independently measured JTp and RR intervals from C-Energy-X subjects pre- and post-energy drink consumption in the rest and exercise phases. Values were corrected for heart rate using the linear correction formula JTpc=JTp + 0.150(1-RR), where RR is R-to-R interval. Mean JTpc values from each phase were analyzed using a paired sample two-tailed t -test. Results: In the resting phase following energy drink consumption (PCr), there was a statistically significant increase in JTpc intervals for 77% of subjects by a mean of 10.5ms (baseline=234 ± 21.3ms; PCr=245 ± 22.0ms; p =0.015). In the exercise phase following energy drink consumption (PCe), 64% of subjects increased JTpc intervals by a mean of 0.8ms which was not significant (baseline=225 ± 15.7ms; PCe=226 ± 17.9ms; p =0.845). Conclusion: In the resting phase, energy drink consumption was associated with statistically significant prolongation of JTpc, suggesting a theoretical increased risk of torsade de pointes.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Energy Drink Consumption in Participants and Viewers of Extreme Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Conrad A. Goodhew ◽  
Tracy L. Perry ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Online Availability

Objective. To quantify energy drink consumption and influences affecting consumption in those who participate in or watch extreme sports. Methods. An online survey, informed by focus groups, was administered via Quadrics®. Advertisement was via social media, emailing extreme sport clubs, flyers at extreme sport locations, and word of mouth. Participation was limited to those >18 y who watched and/or participated in extreme sports. The study was conducted in New Zealand, with international online availability. Variables measured comprised age, sex, energy drink consumption, reasons for their use, extreme sport viewing, advertising, and sponsorship. Logistic regression models were utilised. Results. Amongst participants who completed the questionnaire (n = 247), the mean (SD) age was 26.2 (8.2) y, 40.5% were female, 57.9% consumed energy drinks, and 25.5% consumed >one per week. For every year older, odds of consuming energy drinks were 3.1% lower p = 0.04 . A 31% increase in energy drink consumption for every single increase of viewing extreme sport per week was observed p = 0.009 ; however, reported viewing of advertising was not associated with increased consumption. Conclusions. A large proportion of extreme sport enthusiasts regularly consume energy drinks, especially younger adults. Extreme sport viewing, where energy drink sponsorship is common, appears to increase their consumption, even if not considered advertising by the viewers themselves.

scholarly journals Effect of mechanical deformation on structure and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kitagawa ◽  
Stephan F. Van Eeden ◽  
Darlene M. Redenbach ◽  
Maleki Daya ◽  
Blair A. M. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Polarization Characteristic ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
And Function

Kitagawa, Yuko, Stephan F. Van Eeden, Darlene M. Redenbach, Maleki Daya, Blair A. M. Walker, Maria E. Klut, Barry R. Wiggs, and James C. Hogg. Effect of mechanical deformation on structure and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1397–1405, 1997.—The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that mechanical deformation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) leads to functional changes that might influence their transit in the pulmonary capillaries. Human leukocytes were passed through 5- or 3-μm-pore polycarbonate filters under controlled conditions. Morphometric analysis showed that the majority of PMN were deformed and that this deformation persisted longer after filtration through 3-μm filters than through 5-μm filters ( P < 0.05) but did not result in the cytoskeletal polarization characteristic of migrating cells. Flow cytometric studies of the filtered PMN showed that there was a transient increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration after both 3- and 5-μm filtration ( P< 0.01) with an increase in F-actin content after 3-μm filtration ( P < 0.05). AlthoughL-selectin expression on PMN was not changed by either 5- or 3-μm filtration, CD18 and CD11b were increased by 3-μm filtration ( P < 0.05). Priming of the PMN with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (0.5 nM) before filtration resulted in an increase of CD11b by both 5 ( P < 0.05)- and 3-μm ( P < 0.01) filtration. Neither 5- nor 3-μm filtration induced hydrogen peroxide production. We conclude that mechanical deformation of PMN, similar to what occurs in the pulmonary microvessels, induces both structural and functional changes in the cells, which might influence their passage through the pulmonary capillary bed.

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