scholarly journals Cultivation of a Problem Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Peter Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Student Projects

A problem is typically defined prior to an architectural process and the result is seen as a solution. The process as a whole is conceived as problem solving. However, the artistic element of the process is inseparable from constructing the problem. From the artistic point of view the solution is merely a derivative. Conventional understanding of artistic creation is sometimes coloured by the misconception that invention first and foremost takes place in the mind of the artist parallel or prior to the actual process. However, as far as the artistic element in an architectural process is concerned the problem cannot be abstracted from the specificity of the material, the drawings, models etc., which constitutes the project under development. The problem is an immanent relational field and invention is triggered by the difference between maker and architectural media. The aim of the paper is to portray the artistic practice as a learning process different from communication of knowledge. It proposes a kind of leaning not about improvement of skills and competences but rather concerned with the dynamics of a material field. It emphasises the role of technique and presents architectural media as the prime material field investigated by the process. The discussion uses examples of assignments and student projects developed under my supervision to demonstrate how a problem field is framed by the ordering of techniques.

scholarly journals The Learning Process in The Classroom Through the Mind Mapping Approach from The Philosophy of Progressivism

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fredrik ◽  
Bagus Ardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mind Maps ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind

Education plays a role in human life to prevent people from poverty, underdevelopment, and ignorance so that it is necessary to change the way of thinking of humans themselves to overcome these problems. The progress of the human mindset is a form of change and cannot be separated from the achievement of creativity. This article aims to describe and explain the use of mind maps in mathematics learning from a progressivism point of view through the learning process carried out from the primary and secondary education levels to produce creative products that can help students improve learning achievement through the role of the teacher as a facilitator and students as a learning center. This article uses literature study method, data is collected and analyzed as secondary data including books, journals and proceedings relevant to the topic. The results showed that the mind map method could be used by teachers and students to change the concept of thinking through active student involvement through the making of mathematics learning materials, addition and building space and the area of a circle in an attractive graphic form. Progressivism views that progress in thinking is a process of change and through the mindmaping learning method the concept of subject matter can be visualized in the form of a graphic infrastructure that can stimulate the right and left brains so that it can be useful to free students from the snare of rules when starting to learn. The conclusion of this study is a change in mindset that is in line with the viewpoint of progressivism philosophy is through a mind map learning model that can produce student creativity products and the role of the teacher as a facilitator can occur.

Problematic aspects of the use of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Максим Владимирович Кремлев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Автор, основываясь на ранее проведенных исследованиях, определяет место и роль пенитенциарной информации в процессе раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Указывается, что пенитенциарная информация превращается в процессуальную и, соответственно, в доказательственную посредством поэтапного прохождения через комплекс действий, облеченных в формы пенитенциарного, оперативно-розыскного и процессуального законодательства. Устанавливаются наиболее уязвимые места с точки зрения содержательного наполнения и процессуального оформления получаемых в рамках режимной деятельности сведений. Таковыми выступают места «сочленения» видов деятельности. Основой для подобного рода высказывания выступает разница в нормативном регулировании, в сменяемости и целеполагании исполнителей, а также их представлении о критериях успешности выполненной работы. В качестве подтверждения выдвинутого тезиса приводится пример из правоохранительной практики использования пенитенциарной информации в процессе доказывания, имеющий негативные последствия. Предлагаются направления совершенствования получения пенитенциарной информации с целью усиления ее доказательственного потенциала. In this article, the author, based on previous research determines the place and role of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is specified that penitentiary information turns into procedural and, accordingly, into proofs by means of step-by-step passing through a complex of actions exposed in forms of the penitentiary, operational-search and procedural legislation. The most vulnerable places from the point of view of substantial filling and procedural registration of the data received within regime activity are established. These are the places of “articulation” of activities. It is concluded that the basis for this kind of statement is the difference in regulatory regulation, in the turnover and goal-setting of performers, as well as their representation of the criteria for the success of the work performed. As a confirmation of the proposed thesis, an example from the law enforcement practice of using penitentiary information in the process of proving having negative consequences is given. Directions of improvement of receiving penitentiary information for the purpose of strengthening of its evidentiary potential are offered.

How to put yourself in someone else’s shoes: The role of point-of-view in the interpretation of mixed messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Nikos Vergis
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mixed Messages ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
The Way

AbstractDoes having a communicative role other than the speaker’s make a difference to the way pragmatic meaning is construed? Standard paradigms in interpersonal pragmatics have implicitly assumed a speaker-centric perspective over the years, however modern approaches have re-considered the role of listener evaluations. In the present study, I examine whether assuming different communicative roles (speaker, listener, observer) results in varying interpretations. A web-based experiment revealed that participants who took the perspective of different characters in short stories differed in the way they interpreted what the speaker meant. In most cases, participants in the role of the listener interpreted speaker meaning in more negative ways than participants in the other roles. The present study suggests that the directionality of the difference (negative inferences under the listener’s perspective) could be explained by taking into account affective factors.

The Philosophy of Artistic Creation: Phidias, the Ideas, and Cicero

Apeiron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Motta
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Platonic Theory ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Human Hands ◽  
The Way

Abstract Since Antiquity Phidias seems to be the best sculptor of Gods, because he carved great statues with his human hands and succeeded in giving a physical look to that which is not visible to human eyes. This paper is devoted to Cicero’s attention on the imaginative creation of the artist and on the philosophical features of that demiurgical activity which the Roman philosopher links to his interpretation of the Platonic theory of the Forms. The survey led on some Ciceronian texts shows, from a philosophical and philological point of view, the way in which Cicero reconsiders the role of the phantasia, offering a revalution of the art.

scholarly journals Embodiment and the Philosophy of Mind

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Clark
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Inner Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Scientist ◽  
Biological Problem ◽  
The Mind

Cognitive science is in some sense the science of the mind. But an increasingly influential theme, in recent years, has been the role of the physical body, and of the local environment, in promoting adaptive success. No right-minded cognitive scientist, to be sure, ever claimed that body and world were completely irrelevant to the understanding of mind. But there was, nonetheless, an unmistakeable tendency to marginalize such factors: to dwell on inner complexity whilst simplifying or ignoring the complex inner-outer interplays that characterize the bulk of basic biological problem-solving. This tendency was expressed in, for example, the development of planning algorithms that treated real-world action as merely a way of implementing solutions arrived at by pure cognition (more recent work, by contrast, allows such actions to play important computational and problem-solving roles). It also surfaced in David Marr's depiction of the task of vision as the construction of a detailed threedimensional image of the visual scene. For possession of such a rich inner model effectively allows the system to ‘throw away’ the world and to focus subsequent computational activity on the inner model alone.

scholarly journals El lenguaje y los lugares construidos / The Language and the Built Places

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Fuentes Farias
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Organizing

ABSTRACTIf we don't explain the role of language in the construction of places to live, their study will be incomplete; therefore the built space poses the challenge of defining a method of analysis that takes into account the emergence of cognitive processes in human being, of which perception and categorization of objects in space seems to be the most difficult to explain. And here is where the focus on language, from the point of view of the studies of complexity, admits to interpret and explain the evolution of the human capacity of build. In this sense, it is necessary to review the problem of in witch sense it can be said that language is innate or learned, and if the mind is a blank paper at birth, or has a genetic basis and how would be like. We observed the acquisition of language and cognition, and the construction of places to live, as the product of a cultural-genetic legacy. It is necessary to offer a point of view about the relationship between culture-nature, taking built places as a superior order and self-organizing subsystem: the built spaceRESUMENMientras no se exponga el papel del lenguaje en la construcción de lugares para vivir, su estudio estará incompleto; por ello, el espacio construido plantea el reto de definir un método de análisis que tome en cuenta el surgimiento de procesos cognitivos en la especie humana, de los cuales la percepción y categorización de los objetos en el espacio parece ser el más difícil de explicar. Y es aquí donde el enfoque en el lenguaje, desde el punto de vista de los estudios de la complejidad, permite interpretar y explicar la evolución de la capacidad constructiva del ser humano. En tal sentido, es necesario revisar el problema de en qué medida puede afirmarse que el lenguaje es innato o aprendido, y si la mente es un papel en blanco al nacer, o tiene una base genética y cómo sería ello. Se examina la adquisición del lenguaje y la cognición, y la construcción de lugares para vivir, como producto de una herencia genético-cultual. Se ofrece un punto de vista necesario acerca de la relación cultura-naturaleza, considerando los lugares construidos como subsistemas de un orden superior y auto-organizado: el espacio construido.

scholarly journals A Study of Form and Content of Private Speech Used by Iranian EFL Learners

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Ehsan Alijanian ◽  
Saeed Ketabi ◽  
Ahmad Moinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The Mind

From the sociocultural point of view, the investigation of private speech is important in seeing how the mind works. Yet, not much is known about the form and content of private speech. A group of English language learners were required to talk about some topics of their reading courses. Their voices were recorded and the private speech used by them were identified. It was found that the main role of the loud and silent forms of the private speech in the data is to help learners manage the interaction. Private speech is embedded within the speech context and it needs to be explained in the context in which it happens.

scholarly journals Analyse Discriminante Des Difficultes D’apprentissage En Milieu Universitaire : Cas Des Etudiants De La Filiere Des Sciences Economiques Et De Gestion De l’UM5R

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Saïd Radi ◽  
Salwa Bahyaoui
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Early Appearance

In a context of massification, students of open access programs in higher education encounter more learning difficulties than their counterparts of the regulated system. In the educational literature, these learning difficulties are mainly explained by deficiencies attributable to the students; their perception is seldom taken into account. This led us to explore such difficulties from the learner's point of view in an unregulated system, namely the economics and management courses of the Mohammed V University in Rabat. This exploration was based on a discriminant analysis conducted on a sample of 122 students. The results of this study, while confirming the important role of the student's behavioral and metacognitive commitment in the learning process, emphasize the deficiencies of the institution and the professors that also explain a main part of learning difficulties. They also highlight the lack of accompaniment of learners from their pupil status to that of students which reveal the early appearance of these difficulties.

scholarly journals The Role of Critical Thinking in Helping Students Cope with Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Violla Makhzoum ◽  
Lama Komayha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
American System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Purpose: This research study aims to address the role of higher education programs in developing students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills, emphasizing on the importance of the university professors’ role in nurturing these skills through the means they use in the classroom. The research also aims to highlight the difference in developing these skills among students between universities that follow the Francophone system and universities that follow the American system. Approach/Methodology/Design: To achieve the goal of this research, a descriptive approach was adopted to test the validity of the research hypotheses which are based on correlations between research variables related to higher education programs and the skill of critical thinking. A questionnaire was employed to collect data from the sample, which consisted of four private universities, divided into two groups which are two private universities that follow the American system, and two private universities that follow the Francophone system. The sample consisted of 120 students from universities that follow the American system, and 132 students from universities that follow the Francophone system. The students were selected from the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. Findings: It was found out that there are statistically significant differences between the students’ answers regarding the extent of their ability to possess the skills of critical thinking and problem-solving in concerning to the universities in which they study, and we have also found that there are statistically significant differences in the student’s acquisition of these skills between the programs of Francophone and American universities according to their demographic characteristics and majors. Practical Implications: The study will be of great use for concerned authorities, emphasizing on critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Originality/value: The findings revealed a significant correlation between university programs and critical thinking and problem solving skills.

Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. de Voogt
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Chess Players

Cognitive experimental research on experts has been dominated by research on Chess masters. De Groot’s work on Chess masters ( de Groot 1946/1965 ) started a tradition of Chess research concentrating on perception, memory and problem-solving expertise (e.g. Chase & Simon, 1973 ; de Groot & Gobet, 1996 ; Newell & Simon, 1972 ). In later years, this research was replicated by research on board games other than Chess. Experiments on players of Gomoku, Go ( Eisenstadt & Kareev, 1977 ; Reitman, 1976 ) and Othello ( Billman & Shaman, 1990 ; Wolff, Mitchell, & Frey, 1984 ) largely confirmed the findings on Chess masters. In board games research the effect of “cultural” variables has not been studied or even considered. Despite the presence of Japanese, Russian, Dutch and recently African players or games, the results of the experiments have been compared as if there is one “board game culture”. As long as the results of the experiments do not upset the results of Chess research, one could claim that this cultural background is irrelevant and that cognitive experiments on experts concern a level of thinking which is universal in humans. However, recent research on Bao experts - a board game played in East Africa - contradicted some of the results in Chess ( de Voogt, 1995 ). In this instance, the role of “culture” became an issue in two ways. Is the difference between Bao and Chess players related to the differences in playing context or are the experiments designed for Chess not comparable or not applicable to Bao?

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