China's food demand will undergo structural change

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
World Population ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Price Supports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Price Floor

Subject The outlook for China's agricultural sector in 2017. Significance Last year saw the removal of a price floor for corn and the launch of the 13th Five-Year Plan, which will guide agricultural policy to 2020. With China’s fertility rate among the lowest in the world, population growth is no longer a significant determinant of food demand. However, demographics still have a role to play through the impact of the accelerated ageing of the population on diet. Impacts Between now and the mid-2030s, meat consumption (including fish) is likely to rise more than 60%. Dairy products will be the fastest-growing sector, with per capita milk consumption rising something like 150% by 2030. There is significant scope to raise corn yields through technology and market mechanisms. Price supports for rice and wheat are likely to be abandoned.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community lifelines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Abas ◽  
Esmat Kalair ◽  
Saad Dilshad ◽  
Nasrullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors present the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on community lifelines. The state machinery has several departments to secure essential lifelines during disasters and epidemics. Many countries have formed national disaster management authorities to deal with manmade and natural disasters. Typical lifelines include food, water, safety and security, continuity of services, medicines and healthcare equipment, gas, oil and electricity supplies, telecommunication services, transportation means and education system. Supply chain systems are often affected by disasters, which should have alternative sources and routes. Doctors, nurses and medics are front-line soldiers against diseases during pandemics.Design/methodology/approachThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how much we all are connected yet unprepared for natural disasters. Political leaders prioritize infrastructures, education but overlook the health sector. During the recent pandemic, developed countries faced more mortalities, fatalities and casualties than developing countries. This work surveys the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, energy, environment, industry, education and food supply lines.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic caused 7% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during global lockdowns. In addition, COVID-19 has affected social fabric, behaviors, cultures and official routines. Around 2.84 bn doses have been administrated, with approximately 806 m people (10.3% of the world population) are fully vaccinated around the world to date. Most developed vaccines are being evaluated for new variants like alpha, beta, gamma, epsilons and delta first detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, USA and India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors in society, yet this paper critically reviews the impact of COVID-19 on health and energy lifelines.Practical implicationsThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.Originality/valueThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.

Determinants of opportunism in Uganda’s manufacturing sector:a comparison of two sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Eyaa ◽  
Ramaswami Sridharan ◽  
Suzanne Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Environmental Uncertainty ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model investigating the impact of three constructs, environmental uncertainty, power asymmetry and information sharing on opportunism engagement in exchange relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from procurement or sales managers of 99 manufacturing firms in Kampala, Uganda’s capital using a cross-sectional survey. Hypotheses were tested in both the agricultural and non-agricultural manufacturing sectors using multiple regression runs in the SPSS software. Findings Environmental uncertainty increases opportunism in the agricultural sector whilst power asymmetry increases opportunism in the non-agricultural sector. Across both sectors, information sharing does not have a significant impact on opportunism. Originality/value This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of opportunism in a developing country context by highlighting the contextual factors within the agricultural and non-agricultural manufacturing sectors that influence opportunism engagement under conditions of environmental uncertainty, power asymmetry and information sharing. This paper presents implications for practice and policy to minimise opportunism with the goal of enhancing the participation of Ugandan manufacturing firms in global supply chains.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Growth Drag and Its Contribution Factors: Evidence from China’s Agricultural Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhen Zhao ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Hailing Zhang ◽  
Junbo Xue
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
World Population ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Percent Decline

The sustainable development of agriculture is important for China, where more than 20 percent of the world population live. Many factors affect the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The purpose of this paper is to find out what factors play influential roles on affecting the growth pattern. Based on a modified production function model built upon Slow (1956) and Romer (2001), the impact of growth drag on the agricultural economy, and the contribution resources, are evaluated empirically using a time-series regression analysis based on the case of China for the period 1978–2015. The estimated coefficient of the total agricultural growth drag in China is 1.32, which suggests that the annual agricultural growth is associated with a 1.32 percent decline due to the scarcities of land, water, and energy. Specifically, the growth drags from land, water, and energy are found to be 0.5 percent, 0.44 percent, and 0.38 percent, respectively. Additionally, the results suggest that capital is the most important factor in the agricultural sector, although agriculture is highly dependent on land. Capital contributes around 76.86 percent to the growth of the agricultural economy, whereas contributions from land, energy, water, and technological progress are relatively small. Therefore, more investment should be added to agriculture, to accelerate the technology progress. Furthermore, the saving of water and energy is also important for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Agricultural sector value chain and government policy in Nigeria: issues, challenges and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-538
Author(s):  
Michael Oluwaseun Olomu ◽  
Moses Clinton Ekperiware ◽  
Taiwo Akinlo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chain System ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper systematically reviewed the contributions of the recent Nigerian government agricultural policies and the impacts on the agricultural value chain system in line with the structural transformation of the sector and the Nigeria's vision 20:2020. The study also suggest strategies to upgrading various segments of the agricultural value chain and argue that Nigeria's agricultural sector requires huge investments and innovative ideas to increase production and create value addition across the most profitable areas of the value chain.Design/methodology/approachThe authors systematically present evidences and data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (the apex monetary authority of Nigeria) and Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (oversees and publishes statistics for Nigeria) to estimate the impact of Government agricultural policies on the value chains system.FindingsThe study discovers that the various recent government policy interventions to tackle the austere challenges in the agricultural sector are yet to yield much significant solution. Given to the dwindling performance of the sector, the Nigerian agricultural value chain is somewhat affected with systemic and services gaps which underpin the market failures (missing markets and weak markets), although the agricultural value chain has the potential of triggering economic growth in a higher scale with a trickle-down effect to other sectors of the Nigerian economy.Practical implicationsOverall, the findings indicate strategies to upgrading the production and processing segments of the agricultural value chain and argues that Nigeria's agricultural sector requires huge investments and innovative ideas to increase production and create value addition across the most profitable areas of the value chain.Social implicationsThe study proves that enhancing value addition in the agricultural sector is imperative to achieving triple-benefits of increasing productivity by building resilient systems that leverage on finance opportunities, deepening economic inclusive growth and achieving great milestones.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to focus on agricultural value chain system in line with the structural transformation and the Nigeria's vision 20:2020.

scholarly journals Impact of the Basel III bank regulation on US agricultural lending

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Nooree Kim ◽  
Ani L. Katchova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Following the recent global financial crisis, US regulatory agencies issued laws to implement the Basel III accords to ensure the resiliency of the US banking sector. Theories predict that enhanced regulations may alter credit issuance of the regulated banks due to increased capital requirements, but the direction of changes might not be straightforward especially with respect to the agricultural loans. A decrease in credit availability from banks might pose a serious problem for farmers who rely on bank credit especially during economic recessions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the impact of Basel III regulatory framework implementation on agricultural lending in the USA is examined. Using panel data of FDIC-insured banks from 2008 to 2017, the agricultural loan volume and growth rates are examined for agricultural banks and all US banks. Findings The results show that agricultural loan growth rates have slowed down, but the amount of agricultural loan volume issuance still remained positive. More detailed examination finds that regulated agricultural banks have decreased both the agricultural loan volume and their loan exposure to the agricultural sector, showing a possible sign of credit crunch. Originality/value This study examines whether the implementation of the Basel III regulation has resulted in changes in agricultural loan issuance by US banks as predicted by the lending channel theory.

Regional pacts to facilitate global agriculture trade

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of preferential trade agreements on global agricultural trade. Significance Bilateral and regional trade agreements have proliferated since the late 1980s. They account for over 50% of world trade and their share is increasing, according to OECD estimates. These agreements are particularly significant for agricultural trade, principally because this sector has the most to gain from low tariff access to markets. Yet they raise the question of whether such agreements are the most effective instruments for reducing barriers to global agricultural trade. Impacts Agricultural products such as sugar and dairy are likely to continue appearing frequently on the 'sensitive products' list in PTAs. Japan's aversion to opening its agricultural sector represents a major hurdle to the TPP. The European Parliament will probably reject any TTIP agreement that requires abandoning the 'precautionary principle' on food standards.

Prospects for agriculture in 2016

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Events

Subject Prospects for agriculture in 2016. Significance The agricultural sector in 2016 will be influenced by extreme weather events, especially El Nino, as well as by domestic responses to geopolitical developments, especially in Russia, and rising food demand in major emerging economies such as China.

Wars, public finances and interest rates for rural lending: evidence from 19th-century Lima

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of political instability on rural credit in Lima between 1835 and 1865. In particular, it explores the effects of wars on interest rates for the agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on primary sources for the study of the early credit market of Lima. In particular, the study relies on a sample of more than 800 notarized loans for 1835–1865, collected from the National Archives of Peru, to determine the effect of wars on the cost of credit. Findings The evidence shows that wars increased interest rates on rural loans and that the impact of wars on the cost of credit was greater when the State lacked fiscal resources. Political instability made funding more costly for landlords and farmers, especially in the late 1830s and early 1840s. Originality/value This paper is one of the few historical studies on the role of wars on rural credit in Latin America. It contributes to our understanding of the linkages between political instability and financial development.

How much did the return of rural migrant labor affect China's national economy?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Wei Jia ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
China’S Economy

Purpose – What this paper aims to tackle is how much did the return of rural migrant labor during the financial crisis affect China's GDP and the growth rate of the national economy. Design/methodology/approach – This paper constructs a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and uses data of China's 2007 Input-Output Table to analyze the impact of the return of rural migrant labor on China's economy during the financial crisis. Findings – The results show that the return of rural migrant labor during the financial crisis had substantial impacts on China's economy. The national GDP decreased by about 0.499-1.463 percent, mainly due to the number of rural labor who migrated from the non-agricultural sector to agriculture. Of the major sectors of economy, the manufacturing, construction and other services sectors were the most affected. Originality/value – This paper assesses the impacts of return of rural migrant labor during the financial crisis on China's GDP and the growth rate of the national economy.

Tax policy and farm capital investment: Section 179 expensing and bonus depreciation

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Williamson ◽  
Sarah Stutzman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bonus Depreciation ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Internal Revenue Code cost recovery provisions – Section 179 and “bonus depreciation” – on farm capital investment. Design/methodology/approach – The authors construct a synthetic panel of data consisting of cohorts of similar farms based on state and production specialization using the USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey for years 1996-2012. Employing panel data methods, the authors are able to control for time-invariant fixed effects, as well as the effects of past investment on current investment. Findings – The authors estimate statistically significant investment demand elasticities with respect to the Section 179 expensing deduction of between 0.28 and 0.50. A change in bonus depreciation, on average, had little impact on capital investment. Practical implications – The estimates suggest there is a modest effect of the cost recovery provisions on investment overall, but a stronger effect on farms that have more than $10,000 in gross cash farm income. There are other implications for the agricultural sector: the provisions may encourage technology adoption with its associated benefits, such as reduced cost of production and improved conservation practices. On the other hand, the policy could contribute to the growing concentration in production as large commercial farms expand their operated acreage to take advantage of increasingly efficient physical capital. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to use a nationally representative dataset to estimate to impact of Section 179 and “bonus depreciation” on farm investment. The findings provide evidence of the provisions’ impact on farm capital purchases.

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