Potentials of Endophytic Fungi in the Biosynthesis of Versatile Secondary Metabolites and Enzymes

World population growth and modernization have engendered multiple environmental problems: the propagation of humans and crop diseases and the development of multi-drug-resistant fungi, bacteria and viruses. Thus, a considerable shift towards eco-friendly products has been seen in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and several other vital sectors. Nowadays, studies on endophytic fungi and their biotechnological potentials are in high demand due to their substantial, cost-effective and eco-friendly contributions in the discovery of an array of secondary metabolites. For this review, we provide a brief overview of plant–endophytic fungi interactions and we also state the history of the discovery of the untapped potentialities of fungal secondary metabolites. Then, we highlight the huge importance of the discovered metabolites and their versatile applications in several vital fields including medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, industry and bioremediation. We then focus on the challenges and on the possible methods and techniques that can be used to help in the discovery of novel secondary metabolites. The latter range from endophytic selection and culture media optimization to more in-depth strategies such as omics, ribosome engineering and epigenetic remodeling.

An analysis of factors and conditions pertaining to the rise of the sharing economy

PurposeThis study aims to examine the various factors and conditions pertaining to the rise of the sharing economy.Design/methodology/approachAfter framing the sharing economy concept, the study adopts a multidisciplinary approach and relies on the extant literature to analyze and classify eight major groups of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.FindingsThe analysis indicates that the sharing economy (1) represents a significant paradigm shift emphasizing utilization rather than possession and relying on mutual trust, collaboration and reciprocity; (2) benefits from fundamental transformations such as the world population growth, global urbanization, surge in the world middle class and the convergence of tastes and preferences; (3) relies on technological innovation but is affected by socio-cultural and psychological conditions; (4) is driven by emerging trends in consumption, marketing and working conditions; (5) benefits from lax or nonexistent regulation and taxation; and (6) is recognized as clean and environmentally friendly.Originality/valueThis paper's chief contribution resides in adopting a multidisciplinary perspective to offer an in-depth analysis of the various types of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.

PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DAN UU NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG CIPTA KERJA

Persons with disabilities constitute the highest minority group in the world. This number is expected to continue to increase from year to year in line with world population growth, natural disasters and other factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship related to work creation which is not friendly to people with disabilities. The research method used is literature study with the main source, namely the law number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The result of this research is that the Job Creation Law does not actually support the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities in getting proper accommodation in the world of work. The Job Creation Law does not include a 1% quota provision for private companies and 2% for BUMN / BUMD and Government / Local Government to employ persons with disabilities from all employees, which are currently listed in the Law on Persons with Disabilities.

PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

In fact, if we reflect and re-understand the verses of the Koran, it has become clear that natural disasters and environmental crises are the result of human activity. Environmental damage has long been pointed out in the Koran. In Islam's view, human beings are actually Allah's creatures assigned as caliphs, as regulators, and maintainers of this earth. But the grievous reality that is happening right now is that it is increasingly complex and leads to uncontrolled conditions with increasing world population growth that exceeds the natural productivity capacity of the earth. A large population is a potential for advancing the country, but if it is not balanced with an adequate level of understanding of ecology then it means disaster. Humans now have openly exploited the natural resources on earth and forced the earth to give more than what the earth produced according to its capacity. So this is where the role of Islamic education is needed as a reminder and bearer of good news to humans so that they are always obedient and obedient to Allah's commands to be able to be a caliph who is able to preserve the environment on earth along with other creatures.

Regulation of Membrane Phospholipid Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of neuropathological diseases that are currently incurable due to the irreversible neuronal loss. At the present rate of the world population growth, it is projected that the number of ND cases will double by the year of 2050. With treatments only available for symptom management and relief, disease prevention may yield significant benefits. Recently, there had been association drawn between the disruption of phospholipid (PL) homeostasis and the progression of NDs. Pathological developments were observed in cellular processes including autophagy, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, and management of tissue oxidative stress. As PLs actively participate in the regulation of these cellular pathways and in neuronal signal transduction for the maintenance of an optimally functioning nervous system, their homeostasis is tightly controlled via an intricate system of interconversion and metabolism. Therefore, in this review, the contribution of a homeostatic PL pool and the detrimental effects by the lack thereof, are discussed in detail as it relates to ND development.

Field Robots for Intelligent Farms—Inhering Features from Industry

Estimations of world population growth urgently require improving the efficiency of agricultural processes, as well as improving safety for people and environmental sustainability, which can be opposing characteristics. Industry is pursuing these objectives by developing the concept of the “intelligent factory” (also referred to as the “smart factory”) and, by studying the similarities between industry and agriculture, we can exploit the achievements attained in industry for agriculture. This article focuses on studying those similarities regarding robotics to advance agriculture toward the concept of “intelligent farms” (smart farms). Thus, this article presents some characteristics that agricultural robots should gain from industrial robots to attain the intelligent farm concept regarding robot morphologies and features as well as communication, computing, and data management techniques. The study, restricted to robotics for outdoor farms due to the fact that robotics for greenhouse farms deserves a specific study, reviews different structures for robot manipulators and mobile robots along with the latest techniques used in intelligent factories to advance the characteristics of robotics for future intelligent farms. This article determines similarities, contrasts, and differences between industrial and field robots and identifies some techniques proven in the industry with an extraordinary potential to be used in outdoor farms such as those derived from methods based on artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, Big Data techniques, and cloud computing procedures. Moreover, different types of robots already in use in industry and services are analyzed and their advantages in agriculture reported (parallel, soft, redundant, and dual manipulators) as well as ground and aerial unmanned robots and multi-robot systems.