The appeal of national populism in Europe will grow

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Population ◽  
Immigration Politics ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
National Populism

Subject National populism in Europe. Significance A decade after the 2008-09 global financial crash, electoral trends have not reverted to pre-crash patterns while the appeal of national populism continues to rise. While economic insecurities explain some of the underlying support for populism, cultural insecurities offer a more comprehensive understanding of what unites populist voters and drives their politics. Impacts Reducing inequalities between urban and rural areas and investing in apprenticeships will be a priority for governments. Countries such as Italy and Hungary, where anti-immigration politics is strongest, will undergo sharper levels of population decline. Accusations of xenophobia will entrench some national populists' sense that their views are ignored. Some governments may decide to offer financial incentives for larger families to increase the 'national' population.

Patterns of female entrepreneurial activities in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipek Kalemci Tuzun ◽  
Bahar Araz Takay
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Purpose This study aims to identify and understand the challenges, motivational factors and future needs of female entrepreneurs in Ankara, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the qualitative analysis methodology and uses the qualitative data analysis software, MAXQDA 11. A total of 41 randomly selected female entrepreneurs from the city of Ankara and rural areas of the Ankara region participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. A total of 284 codes were defined. Findings Results indicate that female entrepreneurs are mostly intrinsically motivated and are driven by the desire to achieve and to become independent. The socially constructed role of women in Turkey is the primary challenge faced by female entrepreneurs in both urban and rural areas. Moreover, the major future needs identified for female entrepreneurs are support from public institutions and access to managerial consultants. Originality/value There are limited number of studies that closely examine the characteristics of female entrepreneurship activity and their challenges/motivations in Turkey. This research contributes to the existing literature through its qualitative nature and by highlighting differences in urban and rural female entrepreneurs. Moreover, the results of this study are useful for policy makers to evaluate the future needs of female entrepreneurs and the programs that will be needed to overcome the challenges facing female entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process.

scholarly journals An empirical study on application and efficiency of gridded management in public service supply of Chinese Government

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai XiuYin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif ◽  
Li Fensheng ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad Hanif ◽  
Gu Yinhua
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Service Provision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose Gridded management in the public service supply is still in the experience exploratory stage, and this paper aims to analyze the inherent logic and operation mode of the gridding mechanism of the public supply based on the existing theory study and practices, and verify its efficiency so as to come to the conclusion whether it could be promoted to a wider range. Design/methodology/approach The methodology applied in this paper was case study/deductive induction. Findings The grid model in the public service supply needs to be demonstrated completely in theoretical logic and operation principles before it is promoted across the country. Meanwhile, full support of the government is required in terms of service concept, function distribution, technical parameters and infrastructure. Research limitations/implications The inherent logic and operation mode of the gridding mechanism of the public service supply needs enough practice tests. The practical test of efficiency analysis of the gridding mechanism of the public service supply is not enough. Social implications This paper validated whether the gridding mechanism that originated from China’s urban management can be promoted to all over the country in the public service supply. It provides references for government policy. Originality/value This paper constructs a gridded management model for public service provision in urban and rural areas on the basis of an analysis of the plight of traditional model of public service provision, thus delivering the same standard of public service for both urban and rural areas through optimization of resource allocation without requiring more supply and fundamental change to the content of service.

Household consumption expenditure and inequality: evidence from Nigerian data

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Nwosu ◽  
Obed Ojonta ◽  
Anthony Orji
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Inequality Decomposition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose Enhancing household consumption and reducing inequality are among the fundamental goals of many developing countries. The purpose of this study therefore is to disaggregate household consumption expenditure into food and non-food and, thus, decompose inequality into within- and between-groups. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts generalised entropy (GE) measures. Second, the study uses regression-based inequality decomposition to ascertain the determinants of inequality in food and non-food expenditure using household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as covariates. Findings The results show that non-food expenditure is the major source of inequality in household consumption expenditure in both urban and rural areas with inequality coefficients of above 0.6 compared to about 0.4 for food expenditure. The decompositions also show that within-group inequalities for non-food and food expenditure are, respectively, 0.97 and 0.365 using the Theil index, while between-group inequalities for non-food and food are, respectively, 0.016 and 0.035. Furthermore, the regression-based inequality decompositions show that variables such as living in rural areas, household size, household dwelling and household dwelling characteristics account for the significant proportion of inequality in food and non-food expenditure. Originality/value The policy implication of the findings, among others, is that policies should focus on addressing inequality within rural and urban areas, especially with respect to non-food expenditure than in inequality existing between urban and rural areas. These non-food expenditures include expenditure in education, health, energy, accommodation, water and sanitation.

China’s urban-rural relationship: evolution and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghe Zhang ◽  
Yawen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In the 69 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially the 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone profound change. When the deepening reform of the urban-rural relationship is entering a critical period, it is necessary to reassess the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in China and draw a picture for that relationship in the future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper combs the policies on the urban and rural development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes macro data on the industries, population, personal income, and other aspects. Findings The study found that this urbanism affects individuals’ lives and the choices of society through the will of the state, and then provides feedback at the whole level of social values. Originality/value This paper divides the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship into two major stages – nurturing cities with rural areas and leading rural areas with cities, which are then subdivided into five periods. The features of the relationship between the urban and rural areas in different periods are analyzed, and the future development of urban-rural relations is also considered.

How the new media impacts rural development in China: an empirical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Benqian Li
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Rural China ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pseudo Panels ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study a new pathway out of poverty for rural areas through cultivating non-farm employment: the new media utilization. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize two waves of nationwide micro survey data in China, China General Social Survey 2005 and 2013, to investigate the impacts of new media coverage on non-farm employment and earnings in rural China with the ordered probit model and instrument variables. Findings The authors find that promotion of new media coverage can significantly enhance rural non-farm employment in China by 10-20 percent and ultimately increase earnings for rural residents. The findings provide new evidence for the new media as a potential newly emerging pathway out of poverty for rural areas. The conclusions are robust regarding a variety of controls and model specifications, evaluations with alternative measures, examinations within different subsamples, and estimations with constructed pseudo panels. Social implications Encouragement of new media coverage in rural China not only can improve the rural non-farm employment and living standards but also can contribute toward narrowing the differences between urban and rural areas, thereby balancing regional development. Originality/value It contributes to the existing literature through primarily empirically investigating the economic functions of new media in rural China.

Joint responsibility and understanding of resilience from a DMO perspective – an analysis of different situations in Bavarian tourism destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Pechlaner ◽  
Daniel Zacher ◽  
Christian Eckert ◽  
Lukas Petersik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Future Viability ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss responsibility in tourism destinations. On the basis of a resilience approach, central aspects of leadership and of responsibility in destination networks are introduced and, a contribution to a conceptual analysis of the future viability of tourism destinations is made. This contributes to a better understanding of resilience from a destination management organization (DMO) perspective in the context of shared responsibility.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, a qualitative interview series was conducted with destination managers in urban and rural areas. The interviews were evaluated using the method of GABEK®, in order to reveal and visualize semantic relationships between the specific statements. This method allows the representation of linkages and relationships of keywords from interview transcripts in the form of network graphs.FindingsA major result is the existence of a network of leaders who take responsibility for tourism development within a tourism destination. Within this network, the destination manager once again plays a key role by developing and formulating visions, goals and strategies. In this context, the relevant employees of the DMO have an important role to play, since they are an important resource of tourism development due to their experience and competences.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to a practical view on the development of visions and strategies. It analyzes challenges and possible ways to communicate with the required political and public actors of the destination as well as with the service providers to regard destination development as a collaborative task.

How can governments nudge students to become ebook readers? Evidence from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R. Pratama ◽  
Firman M. Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Book Format

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how government intervention can nudge students to become ebook readers. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 1,144 students from four middle and high schools in urban and rural areas of Indonesia participated in this study. The results from statistical analyses were further discussed through the lens of the nudge theory. Findings This paper founds evidence that government intervention in the form of the Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) policy that has been providing free electronic textbooks for more than a decade can help nudge students to become ebook readers. After controlling for student’s demographic information, this paper founds that their awareness of such a policy is significantly associated with a stronger preference toward ebooks while having no significant effect on their preferences toward printed book format. This paper also founds that mobile device adoption plays an important role where early adopters tend to prefer ebook format, whereas laggards are more associated with printed book format. Originality/value Many have studied the benefits of using ebooks in learning, but the literature also shows that most students still prefer reading printed books over ebooks. This is true not only in developing countries where problems with infrastructures can hamper the adoption of ebooks in general but also in developed countries where ebooks are much more prevalent, even among the general population. This paper showed how government interventions have the potency to help tip the scales and nudge students to become ebook readers.

Retention of medical doctors and nurses in rural areas of Odisha state, India – a policy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Behera ◽  
Chardsumon Prutipinyo ◽  
Nithat Sirichotiratana ◽  
Chukiat Viwatwongkasem
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Purpose Retention of medical doctors and nurses in remote and rural areas is a key issue in India. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relevant policies and provisions with respect to health care professionals, aiming to develop feasible retention strategies in rural areas of Odisha state of India. Design/methodology/approach The study employed documentary review and key informant interviews with policy elites (health planners, policy maker, researchers, etc.). The document review included published and unpublished reports, policy notifications and articles on human resources for health (HRH) in Odisha and similar settings. Throughout the study, the authors adapted World Health Organization’s framework to study policies relevant to HRH retention in rural areas. The adapted framework comprised of the four policy domains, education, regulation, financial incentives, professional and personal support, and 16 recommendations. Findings In Odisha, the district quota system for admission is not practiced; however, students from special tribal and caste (Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste) communities, Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of citizens, and Persons with Disabilities have some allocated quota to study medicine and nursing. Medical education has a provision of community placement in rural hospitals. In government jobs, the newly recruited medical doctors serve a minimum of three years in rural areas. Doctors are given with location-based incentives to work in remote and difficult areas. The government has career development, deployment, and promotion avenues for doctors and nurses; however, these provisions are not implemented effectively. Originality/value The government could address the rural retention problems, as illustrated in the study and put in place the most effective policies and provisions toward recruitment, deployment and attraction of HRH in remote and rural areas. At the same time, implementation HRH strategies and activities must be rigorously monitored and evaluated effectively.

scholarly journals Diagnosing vulnerability and “dangerousness”: police use of Section 136 in England and Wales

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Menkes ◽  
Gillian A. Bendelow
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – Police in England and Wales are empowered, under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 (s136), to detain individuals thought to be a danger to themselves or to others. Use of this authority is widespread, but varies across districts and attracts controversy because of inconsistent application and the fact that it requires police to make judgements about mental health. The purpose of this paper is to examine police attitudes to and criteria for using s136. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted focus groups with 30 officers in urban and rural areas of three different regions across England and Wales. Group interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using open and axial coding. Findings – Use of s136 authority has major implications for police work; liaison with mental health services is seen as desirable but often ineffective due to resource constraints and the latter's lack of availability. The decision to invoke s136 depends on social context and other particulars of individual cases. Research limitations/implications – Although the findings have limitations with respect to generalisability across the whole of the UK, there are patterns of responses which have major implications for policy recommendations. Practical implications – Police decisions to apply s136 reflect an implicit values-based classification of and response to emotionally disturbed behaviour, in light of available institutional and social supports. Social implications – Tasked primarily with protecting the public and keeping the peace, police “diagnoses” of risk often contrast with that of mental health professionals. Originality/value – A highly original piece of research which has attracted further funding from BA/Leverhulme.

scholarly journals Food security and trade policies: evidence from the milk sector case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (13) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Maria Bruna Zolin ◽  
Danilo Cavapozzi ◽  
Martina Mazzarolo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Opening ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

PurposeMilk is one of the most produced, consumed and protected agricultural commodities worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to assess how trade-opening policies can foster food security in the Chinese milk sector.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical evidence proposed in our paper is based on time series data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China (2019) and FAOSTAT (2020). Differences in income elasticity between urban and rural areas are estimated by OLS regressions. The data also provide empirical evidence to assess to what extent and to which countries China is resorting to meet its growing demand.FindingsPer-capita milk consumption of Chinese is rising. The authors’ estimates show that milk income elasticity is higher in rural areas. China is also progressively increasing its dependence on imports. Producers who benefit the most are those from countries implementing trade-opening policies.Research limitations/implicationsOther methods could be applied, by way of example, the gravitational model.Practical implicationsTrade agreements and the removal of barriers could be effective responses to protectionist pressures and to food security concerns.Social implicationsThe case examined is of particular interest as it intervenes on food security and safety.Originality/valueThe paper adds value and evidence to the effects of trade on food security in a country with limited and exploited natural resources addressing a health emergency and environmental concerns.

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